Maths

A model of the mind-brain relationship is developed in which novel biophysical principles in brain function generate a dynamic possessing attributes consistent with consciousness and free-will. The model invokes a fractal link between neurodynamical chaos and quantum uncertainty. Transactional wave collapse allows this link to be utilized predictively by the excitable cell, in a way which bypasses and complements formal computation. The formal unpredictability of the model allows mind to interact upon the brain, the predictivity of consciousness in survival strategies being selected as a trait by organismic evolution.

This article is a fully referenced research review to overview progress in unraveling the details of the evolutionary Tree of Life, from life's first occurrence in the hypothetical RNA-era, to humanity's own emergence and diversification, through migration and intermarriage, using research diagrams and brief discussion of the current state of the art.

The Tree of Life, in biological terms, has come to be identified with the evolutionary tree of biological diversity. It is this tree which represents the climax fruitfulness of the biosphere and the genetic foundation of our existence, embracing not just higher Eucaryotes, plants, animals and fungi, but Protista, Eubacteria and Archaea, the realm, including the extreme heat and salt-loving organisms, which appears to lie almost at the root of life itself.
To a certain extent the notion of a tree based on generational evolution has become complicated by a variety of compounding factors. Gene transfer is not just vertical carried down the generations. There is also evidence for promiscuous incidences of horizontal gene transfer, genetic symbiosis, hybridization and even the formation of chimeras. This review will cover all these aspects, from the first life on Earth to Homo sapiens.

The purpose of this article is to provide a ‘state of the art’ research overview of what is currently known about how entheogens, including the classic psychedelics, affect the brain and transform conscious experience through their altered receptor dynamics, and to explore their implications for understanding the conscious brain and its relationship to existential reality, and their potential utility in our cultural maturation and understanding of the place of sentient life in the universe.

In 1978 I proposed the biocosmological thesis that the form of life's origin and evolution is a cosmological interactive process defined in the cosmic symmetry-breaking at the origin of the universe. With the passage of time, the pendulum has shifted from the improbability of life as a random molecular accident to an awareness that central biomolecules may be cosmologically abundant products of the clouds forming young stars leading to an RNA-era in which both catalysis and replication emerged from one cosmologically derived molecule RNA. This paper unveils the non-linear quantum foundations of biocosmology as the founding science of life.

This paper presents a potential mechanism for the conscious brain to anticipate impending opportunities and threats to survival through massively parallel weak quantum measurement (MPWQM) induced by the combined effects of edge of chaos sensitivity and phase coherence sampling of brain states. It concludes that the underpinnings of this process emerged in single-celled eucaryotes in association with (a) excitability-induced sensitivity to electro-chemical perturbations in the milieu as an anticipatory sense organ and (b) cell-to-cell signaling necessary for critical phases in the life cycle.

The twin pillars of Western civilization are capitalism and democracy, but are these consistent with surviving in a living planet? Are they beneficent foundations of individual freedom and prosperity, or are they malign forces doomed to boom and bust instabilities that will carry us past tipping points into a hard landing for human survival? Could they, in the face of natural abundance, bring about economic collapse in a tragedy of the commons due to environmental disruption caused by the human impacts they have set in motion?

This article is a road map to exorcise the founding scriptures abetting violence and homicide in religious traditions. If you are a scientist it is a comprehensive source-referenced research review. If you are religious it is essential reading to understand the actual roots of your beliefs. It is an unveiling expose of the lethal fallacies that underlie religious traditions, which between them, are followed by a majority of people on this planet, and which constitute one of the most principal threats to the future survival of humanity, so that all who follow have a single clear account of how these atrocities came about.

***Please download the work in full *** – so you can appreciate its full significance and impact. SEC is a paradigm-shifting extension of quantum cosmology to embrace life and subjective consciousness as the evolutionary cosmological climax, invoking the most utterly beautiful, meaningful, fulfilling and enlightening cosmology of the living conscious universe, where life gains overflowing significance and subjective consciousness is the key to the universe's nascent becoming. In it lies the keys to humanity's survival, the survival of conscious meaning and the perpetual unfolding of the biospheric tree of life. It is fully illustrated and live linked as research of definitive importance for understanding the universe, conscious life within it and our survival as a species.

SEC presents an augmentation of physical cosmology to admit subjective conscious volition acting on the physical world, invoking a biologically, psychically and cosmologically symbiotic universe, rising to conscious climax which resolves the central enigma of existential cosmology – the nature and role of subjective experience – thus providing a direct solution to the "hard problem of consciousness" and the problem of autonomous volitional will. This is essential for human ability to consciously affect the physical world, personal responsibility and scientific consistency with criminal and civil law on intent. The cosmology is thus entirely consistent with quantum cosmology and empirical neuroscience. Where it differs, is in refuting the assumption of physical causal closure in the brain which is scientifically unprovable in the quantum universe. Occam's razor then cuts in favour of the empirical experience of efficacy of subjective conscious volition over the physical universe, confirmed by veridical perception of our own volition, eliminating pure materialism as inconsistent with everyday experience. Symbiotic cosmology involves complementarity between the physical universe and the "mind at large", which is manifest in primitive forms in quantum uncertainty, edge-of-chaos dynamics, biogenesis, and procaryote excitability. Attentive consciousness emerged in a discrete transition accompanying the endosymbiosis between archaea and bacteria to form the eucaryotes, encapsulated in cellular consciousness in the excitable eucaryote cell mediated by social signalling molecules, later resulting in multi-celled organisms in the conscious brain as a coupled neuronal system, utilising the same palette of signalling molecules. The symbiosis in eucaryotes extends to sexuality as polarised genetic co-evolution and symbiosis with endogenous transposable elements comprising half the human genome. This extends to biospheric symbiosis, in which survival of the "fittest" by natural and sexual selection is actually survival of the most successful co-symbionts because, whether parasites, hosts, predators or prey, their individual survival is mediated by the overall survival dynamics of the biosphere as a whole avoiding boom and bust to achieve climax diversity. In further sections, it overviews cultural traditions and current research into psychedelics. Because natural analogues of neurotransmitters in living species have proved capable of precipitating ego-dissolution and reversion to "primary consciousness", these gain a significance in consciousness research complementary to that of the LHC in cosmological physics. This process has pivotal importance for avoiding humanity causing a mass extinction of biodiversity and possibly our own demise, instead becoming able to fulfil our responsibilities as guardians of the unfolding of sentient consciousness on evolutionary and cosmological time scales. The panpsychic aspect invokes a deep relationship with animism as the founding cosmological view of Homo sapiens which later evolved to become the world religious traditions. Affirming subjectively conscious physical volition, via quantum indeterminate brain states, is the only point of divergence from the standard scientific world view, with all other aspects, especially the cosmology's evolutionary basis, following core scientific principles. Nevertheless its implications are radically transformative because (a) it opens the entire subjective realm of conscious cosmology to exploration and pivotally, (b) it invokes biospheric symbiosis as the climax cosmological condition of perennial survival in the universe, without which humanity will suffer a Fermi paradox extinction, through evolutionary and/or cultural instability. Biospheric symbiosis is the climax evolutionary manifestation of Symbiotic Existential Cosmology. Because natural analogues of neurotransmitters in living species have proved capable of precipitating ego-dissolution and reversion to "primary consciousness", these gain a significance in consciousness research complementary to that of the LHC in cosmological physics. This process has pivotal importance for avoiding humanity causing a mass extinction of biodiversity and possibly our own demise, instead becoming able to fulfil our responsibilities as guardians of the unfolding of sentient consciousness on evolutionary and cosmological time scales. The panpsychic aspect invokes a deep relationship with animism as the founding cosmological view of Homo sapiens which later evolved to become the world religious traditions. Affirming subjectively conscious physical volition, via quantum indeterminate brain states, is the only point of divergence from the standard scientific world view, with all other aspects, especially the cosmology's evolutionary basis, following core scientific principles. Nevertheless its implications are radically transformative because (a) it opens the entire subjective realm of conscious cosmology to exploration and pivotally, (b) it invokes biospheric symbiosis as the climax cosmological condition of perennial survival in the universe, without which humanity will suffer a Fermi paradox extinction, through evolutionary and/or cultural instability. Biospheric symbiosis is the climax evolutionary manifestation of Symbiotic Existential Cosmology. To fully cover all aspects of the evolutionary process leading to humanity's cultural explosion, the current edition fully expands the cosmology into an extended evolutionary synthesis, including gene-culture co-evolution, evolution of the human genome, sexuality and language and the impact of cultural evolution on societies, institutions, religions and world political responses to the existential crisis we all face. Social processes, including prescriptive religions, have brought about a paradigm of patriarchal dominance over woman and nature that has exacerbated the way technological civilisation and corporate processes, lacking a genetically stable paradigm, have caused sweeping deleterious impacts to the biosphere through human niche construction by agriculture, farming and urbanisation, causing habitat destruction and species extinction; energy resource demands, leading to climate and biodiversity crisis; and nationalistic militarisation, conducive to nuclear holocaust, so that gene-culture-biodiversity coevolution has become a sine qua non for human survival. It further discusses both Eastern and Western concepts of religious cosmology and the tragic consequences of failing to address naturalistic cosmological reality in the monotheistic religious tradition.

The conscious brain poses the most serious unsolved problem for science at the beginning of the third millennium. Not only is the whole basis of subjective conscious experience lacking adequate physical explanation, but the relationship between causality and ...

The conscious brain poses the most serious unsolved problem for science at the beginning of the third millennium. Not only is the whole basis of subjective conscious experience lacking adequate physical explanation, but the relationship between causality and ...

This paper describes the first phase of a study that aims to identify the specific English language discourse features that cause problems for English as an additional language (EAL) students in advanced undergraduate mathematics. In this phase observations of ...

This paper explores the non-linear quantum foundations of biogenesis in interactive bifurcations between the properties of the elements, sourced in the transitions induced by cosmic symmetry-breaking [King 1978]. The key interactions forming the biogenic pathway are modeled in terms of interactive quantum bifurcations explaining why the bioelements play the interactive role they do and why central biomolecules are cosmologically abundant products of the gas clouds forming young stars. RNA and related nucleotide molecules gain a plausible cosmic status, along with major features of the genetic code, and key features of metabolism, including ion and electron transport, the citric acid cycle and glycolysis.

This article explores models of causality of the physical universe which extend beyond the usual quantum and classical descriptions. To facilitate discussion of this topic, a brief review of relevant areas of modern physics is included. Although mathematical logic is not directed in time, the causal description of the physical universe is classically performed in terms of temporal determinism, an initial-value problem in which subsequent states are determined through the action of differential equations, thus avoiding the paradox of effects preceding their causes. Quantum mechanics has reduced this description to the status of a stochastic-causal theory, in which individual future states of a system are not predictable because the probability interpretation of the wave function prevents a complete knowledge of a single reduction of the wave packet. The transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics provides a basis for examining the workings of stochastic causality in terms of time-symmetric advanced and retarded waves. Cosmic symmetry-breaking provides a contrasting description in which time-directed phenomena derive their explanation. Dual-time supercausality replaces the stochastic model with one in which two complementary causal processes, symmetrictime and directed-time are operating. The mode of interaction of these avoids temporal paradox in the timedirected description, and also explains why quantum mechanics provides an incomplete stochastic model. An important role for supercausal processes in the structural evolution of the universe is proposed, including the emergence of biosystems, biological evolution, and consciousness.

The nature of subjective conscious experience, and its consequences in intentionality, remain the central unsolved problem in science and one of critical importance to humanity's future as sentient observers and autonomous participants in a world history we are coming to have ever more pivotal influence upon. Each of us who read this paper are subjective conscious observers, making an autonomous decision to carry out a volitional action. All our knowledge of the physical universe is gained through the immediate conduit of our subjective experience and our intentionality in turn has major impacts on the physical world around us. To understand how the subjective aspect arises requires both a radical investigation down to the foundations of physics and an understanding of how subjective awareness, as opposed to mere computational capacity, may have become elaborated by Darwinian natural selection. We thus have to find reasons why subjectivity itself, rather than computation alone, is of pivotal importance in organismic survival. The answer lies in its capacity to anticipate situations crucial to survival. For this to be possible, the foundations of physics must contain a principle of space-time anticipation not covered by any mechanism of computation alone, or subjectivity would become superfluous and would have never been selected for in evolution. This paper sets out to demonstrate how quantum transactions universal to all quantum phenomena my fulfil this pivotal role. The role of dynamical chaos 1 and bifurcation in neurodynamics has been the subject of an increasing volume of theoretical and experimental research in which transition from chaos to order may form a key process in perception and cognition. There has also been a continuing interest in the possible link between quantum non-locality and consciousness. This paper presents a two-part theory in which: (a) a fractal link between neurodynamical chaos and quantum non-locality; and (b) a complex system theory of the sub-quantum world; together provide a physical solution to the mind-brain paradoxes of subjective consciousness and free-will. The fractal link between dynamical chaos and quantum uncertainty is proposed to be made through overlapping non-linearities capable of chaos, running from the neurosystems level down through the neuron, synapse, to the ion channel. Chaotic systems possess sensitive dependence, and brain states also contain features of self-organized criticality. In a critically poised brain state representing uncertainty of outcome, it is proposed that sensitive dependence opens the brain to quantum processes. In the transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics, future states form part of the boundary condition of reduction of the wave packet 2. Transactional supercausality may allow a form of prediction in the excitable cell which bypasses and complements formal computation. The selective advantage of such a process would explain the emergence of consciousness in organismic evolution.

The conscious brain poses the most serious unsolved problem for science at the beginning of the third millennium. Not only is the whole basis of subjective conscious experience lacking adequate physical explanation, but the relationship between causality and intentionally willed action remains equally obscure. We explore a model resolving major features of the so-called 'hard problem in consciousness research' through cosmic subject-object complementarity. The model combines transactional quantum theory, with chaotic and fractal dynamics as a basis for a direct relationship between phase coherence in global brain states and anticipatory boundary conditions in quantum systems, complementing these with key features of conscious perception, and intentional will. The aim is to discover unusual physical properties of excitable cells which may form a basis for the evolutionary selection of subjective consciousness, because the physics involved in its emergence permits anticipatory choices which strongly favour survival. 1: Subject-Object Complementarity and the Hard Problem In "The Puzzle of Conscious Experience" David Chalmers (1995) summarizes some of the main points of his deÞnition of the now renowned 'hard problem in consciousness research'. He contrasts with the hard problem what he calls the 'easy' problems such as: 'How can a human subject discriminate sensory stimuli and react to them appropriately?' 'How does the brain integrate information from many different sources and use this information to control behaviour?' 'How is it that subjects can verbalize their internal states?' Each of these deal broadly with problems of consciousness, but in ways which could in principle be resolved by straightforward functional explanations. The 'hard problem', by contrast, is the question of how physical processes in the brain give rise to subjective experience. This puzzle involves the inner aspects of thought and perception and the way things feel for the subject-all of them subjective experiences known only to the participant. This is much harder to resolve because trying to compare brain states, which are in principle objective and replicable, with subjective experiences, which, however rich for the experiencer, are unavailable to an external observer, pose a severe problem of qualitative difference, which seems almost unbridgeable. Chalmers rejects any simple resort to neuroscience explanations about brain states in solving the hard problem. He notes for example that the 40 Hz oscillations made famous by Crick and Koch (1992) and others, which might provide an explanation for the coherent binding together of different brain regions, for example visual and auditory into one attended perception, may explain how the brain integrates different processing tasks (an easy problem) but don't explain how any of these modes evoke the subjective conscious experiences of vision and sound. Likewise he rejects philosophical explanations such as Daniel Dennett's (1991) 'multiple drafts' theory of consciousness as an explanation of 'how we produce verbal reports on our internal states' (an easy problem) which tells us very little about why there should be a subjective experience behind these reports. Even when we proceed to theories which attempt to use new types of physics to bridge this chasm, Chalmers remains sceptical: "Some have suggested that to solve the hard problem, we need to bring in new tools of physical explanation: nonlinear dynamics, say, or new discoveries in neuroscience, or quantum mechanics. But these ideas suffer from exactly the same difÞculty. Consider a proposal from Stuart R. Hameroff of the University of Arizona and Roger Penrose of the University of Oxford. They hold that consciousness arises from quantum-physical processes taking place in microtubules, which are protein structures inside neurons. It is possible (if not likely) that such a hypothesis will lead to an explanation of how the brain makes decisions or even how it proves mathematical theorems, as Hameroff and Penrose suggest. But even if it does, the theory is silent about how these processes might give rise to conscious experience. Indeed, the same problem arises with any theory of consciousness based only on physical processing." Following on to examine the trend in cosmology and uniÞed Þeld theories, Chalmers speculates that conscious experience may be a fundamental feature cosmologically: "If the existence of consciousness cannot be derived from physical laws, a theory of physics is not a true theory of everything. So a Þnal theory must contain an additional fundamental component. Toward this end, I propose that conscious experience be considered a fundamental feature, irreducible to anything more basic."

In this paper, the nature and sensitivity of chaos will be illustrated. Failure to appreciate the generative nature of chaos has led to it being one of the last scientific frontiers to be discovered, over fifty years after relativity and quantum theory. Far from being the nemesis of order, or the primal ooze in which order is imposed, chaos is genesis of new form. Most complex systems arise from the mutual interaction between chaos and order, through bifurcation. The eternal religious war of light and dark is very much the battle of chaos as the dark 'force' and order as the principle of light.

Pure mathematics is often seen as an 'inverted pyramid', in which algebra and analysis stand at the focal point, without which students could not possibly have a firm grounding for graduate studies. This paper examines a variety of evidence from brain studies of mathematical cognition, from mathematics in early child development, from studies of the gatherer-hunter mind, from a variety of puzzles, games and other human activities, from theories emerging from physical cosmology, and from burgeoning mathematical resources on the internet that suggest, to the contrary, that mathematics is a cultural language more akin to a maze than a focally-based hierarchy; that topology, geometry and dynamics are fundamental to the human mathematical mind; and that an exclusive focus on algebra and analysis may rather explain an increasing rift between modern mathematics and the 'real world' of the human population.

: Twenty years ago (King 1978) I proposed the biocosmological thesis that the form of life's origin and evolution is a cosmological interactive process ultimately defined in the cosmic symmetry-breaking at the origin of the universe. Prebiotic chemists have been slow to comprehend the central role of non-linear quantum science in prebiotic and biological evolution because of a Newtonian misconception that all chemical structures are simply building blocks and life an arbitrary consequence of a series of historical accidents, rather than an expression of fundamental bifurcations 1 . However , with the passage of time, the pendulum has shifted from the green-cheese improbability of life as a random molecular accident to an awareness that central biomolecules leading to the RNA-era may be cosmologically abundant products of the clouds forming young stars. This apocalypsia unveils the non-linear quantum foundations of biocosmology as the founding science of life. Keywords : cosmolog...

Recent research into whole genome mapping of the mouse brain has made possible direct investigation of the brain expression of unusual genes. A search of the Allen Brain Atlas database has provided genetic and neuro-anatomical evidence for widespread specific expression in the brain of eight genes specific to sensory transduction, in vision, hearing and touch. A novel biophysical model is proposed for the function of these proteins, in generating the internal model of experiential reality.

The nature and physical basis of consciousness remains the central enigma of the scientific description of reality in the third millennium. This paper seeks to examine the phenomenal nature of consciousness and elucidate a possible biophysical basis for its existence, in terms of a form of quantum anticipation based on entangled states driven by chaotic sensitivity of global brain dynamics during decision-making processes. Evidence is presented for the evolutionary emergence of chaotic excitation as a universal sense organ in the founding eucaryotes, which then became used in a context-sensitive manner by complex central nervous systems, leading to the dynamical brain.