Al Lewis

American Public University System (APUS), School of Security and Global Studies, Graduate Student

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A military veteran and former Senior Special Agent, and doctoral student with vast experiences in cyber intelligence, cyber-based criminal investigations, global cybersecurity operations. Research interests encompass a wide range of cyber conflict phenomena; to include cyberwar, cyber terrorism, ethics in cyberspace, Advanced Persistent Threat (APT), and cyber intelligence in the private sector. Additional areas of research interest include; lone-wolf terrorism, terrorism group dynamics, asymmetrical conflict, and leadership during conflict.

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Papers by Al Lewis

Houston, We Have a Problem: A Space Force Must First be a Cyber Force

Modern Diplomacy, 2019

The proposal to create a U.S. Space Force has been a matter of debate since President Donald Trum... more The proposal to create a U.S. Space Force has been a matter of debate since President Donald Trump first announced the idea in October of 2018. (Trump 2018). In doing so, the President implicitly declared that the new space race is on. Detractors of the newly proposed Space Force were quick to cite a burgeoning bureaucracy, high costs, and the political insensitivity as obvious reasons to denounce the idea and its proposed funding and implementation. Supporters of the Space Force proclaimed the necessity of space-based technologies within modern society: the use of the Global Position System (GPS) for navigation of autonomous systems, automobiles, planes, and precision-guided munitions are easy examples. Furthermore, the concern that other nation-states are advancing within this domain implies a sense of urgency to ensure US superiority. The presumption implicit within the debate is that dominance in space, regardless of the form, is about organizational hierarchies and operational efficiencies and inevitably must matter to all states on the global stage. This article asserts that the current debate is a moot one. Without the ability to first secure cyberspace, no amount of operational or organizational changes will enable dominance in external space.

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Advanced Persistent Threats: The Mysterious New Ground for Cyber Danger

Modern Diplomacy, 2019

As the world continues on a path of increased connectivity, control over the cyber domain has bec... more As the world continues on a path of increased connectivity, control over the cyber domain has become a matter of state security. The sustained loss of wealth in the form of intellectual property theft and financial shenanigans has reached critical mass. As a warning to America, General Keith Alexander, while serving as the Director of the National Security Agency (NSA), stated: “What we need to worry about is when these
transition from disruptive to destructive attacks...” He goes on to say: “The conflict is growing, the probability for crisis is mounting.” (Rogin, 2012). In this context, the main danger the “special operations teams” of cyberspace in America is called the Advanced Persistent Threat (APT).

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Al Lewis

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