Papers by Laini Snow
This paper will aim to examine how political leaders have an intrinsic effect on the outcome of p... more This paper will aim to examine how political leaders have an intrinsic effect on the outcome of peacekeeping operations in post-1989 UN missions.
Academia Letters, 2022
When we think of transnational crime, we think of organized crime among wellstructured networks t... more When we think of transnational crime, we think of organized crime among wellstructured networks that cross multiple borders and involve multiple entities. We think of drug traffickers; Mexican cartels who smuggle tons of cocaine or other illicit material into the United States and elsewhere in the world to profit off of the ill-guided fate of the innocent. We think of human traffickers, who sell human lives into slave labor or sexual enslavement, so that legitimate companies can profit off of cheap labor and illegitimate organizations can profit off of the loneliness and sexual desires of misguided men. We think of the illicit trading of firearms: a business that puts handguns and assault rifles in the hands of members of gangs, criminals, or our growing population of suicidal Americans. 2 We even think about the trafficking of natural resources and wildlife so that criminal groups can profit off of the lucrative materials of elephant ivory and tiger felt, and the sale of endangered species. Less is heard, however, about the growing illegitimate business of avocado smuggling in South America and Mexico, which has affected millions of lives since it began twenty years ago. Americans should be paying more attention to the growing exploitation of avocados, the impact it has had on the lives of Mexicans, and the price we are paying -here in the United States -for our "super food" trend to continue. Two significant aspects of life in the United States have been evolving steadily in the last decade, which has caused a ripple effect across the spectrum of globalization and has resulted in the need for some organizations -both legitimate and illegitimate -to restructure their business models so as to maintain their profits. First, since 2012, states in the U.S. have slowly begun allowing residents to purchase and consume legalized marijuana from registered dispensaries. 3 As of today, in 2022, 18 states have legalized and began regulating marijuana for adult use, and an additional 25 states have proposed bills to allow for the legalization of cannabis in 2022. 4 American lawmakers, sensing a drastic change in
What is the largest threat to the logistics of peacekeeping operations in 2022? This paper explor... more What is the largest threat to the logistics of peacekeeping operations in 2022? This paper explores operational vulnerabilities from terrorism to critical ports.
NATO's response to Chinese and Russian irregular warfare tactics
Terrorist desire to possess weapons of mass destruction,
specifically chemical, biological, radio... more Terrorist desire to possess weapons of mass destruction,
specifically chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons, is no secret to the United States or any other nation monitoring certain groups. The potential of WMD procurement and use is based largely on the capabilities and motivations of individual groups. Specific discussion in this paper related to the overall potential of terrorist usage of WMD, the results of a chemical attack on a target population, how and why to protect against agroterrorism, and a threat analysis of a biological WMD attack on the United States.
This paper examines the history, leadership, motivations, and group psychology of the Somalia-bas... more This paper examines the history, leadership, motivations, and group psychology of the Somalia-based terror group al Shabaab.
This paper gives an overview of the empirical and qualitative data available for the Phoenix and ... more This paper gives an overview of the empirical and qualitative data available for the Phoenix and CORDS Programs in Vietnam which operated between 1967 and 1971 as directed by the United States.
The 2003 invasion of Iraq by the United States yielded no evidence to Saddam's possession of weap... more The 2003 invasion of Iraq by the United States yielded no evidence to Saddam's possession of weapons of mass destruction. This paper aims to analyze the intelligence utilized by the U.S. Bush Administration to justify the invasion of Iraq, and whether this intelligence collection process was biased.
This paper aims to distinguish any positive learning curve or evolution in the United States' cou... more This paper aims to distinguish any positive learning curve or evolution in the United States' counter-insurgency tactics by comparing tactics utilized in the Vietnam War with those used in Iraq and Afghanistan.
This paper aims to identify the effect that the terrorist organization has had on the Nigerian go... more This paper aims to identify the effect that the terrorist organization has had on the Nigerian government, focusing mainly on Nigeria's declaration of a state of emergency in 2011 and its establishment of the Joint Task Force shortly after. This paper takes into account the constitutional rights of Nigerian citizens, and how these rights have been largely derogated since 2011.
Thesis Chapters by Laini Snow
There is no secret that the United States has experienced nothing but setbacks in its attempt tow... more There is no secret that the United States has experienced nothing but setbacks in its attempt towards a successful counterinsurgency strategy. From the United States’ failures in Vietnam to the current battles against jihadist networks in the Middle East, the United States continues to struggle with an implementation of strategy. Britain’s experience combatting the Malayan Communist Party in the 1950’s should be used as a model example for successful counterinsurgency strategy due to the timely and effective pacification of the communist insurgents that threatened Malaya’s stability. This thesis utilizes a case study approach to explore whether it was successful counterinsurgency strategy that influenced Britain’s quick success, or whether there were other factors at play that influenced the pacification efforts in Malaya. These factors will then be compared to the United States’ continual efforts over time to master the art of counterinsurgency, shedding light on the failures of the U.S. and where strategists went wrong. This study suggests that the United States is in dire need of re-evaluating its current strategy, and must learn to adapt to new threats by learning from others and branching from its conventional mindset.
Drafts by Laini Snow
In today’s anti-terrorism campaign, the nation’s counterinsurgency strategy must be expanded upon... more In today’s anti-terrorism campaign, the nation’s counterinsurgency strategy must be expanded upon in an effort to deescalate the rising tensions within the Middle East, and tactics utilized during the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) must be re-evaluated since the establishment of new Iraqi and Afghan government, as well as the assassination of Osama bin Laden have occurred. With the current strategy as it stands, it would seem as though changes must be made before positive strides against these jihadist networks are attained. What political solution, if any, could be negotiated with these jihadist networks?
Uploads
Papers by Laini Snow
specifically chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons, is no secret to the United States or any other nation monitoring certain groups. The potential of WMD procurement and use is based largely on the capabilities and motivations of individual groups. Specific discussion in this paper related to the overall potential of terrorist usage of WMD, the results of a chemical attack on a target population, how and why to protect against agroterrorism, and a threat analysis of a biological WMD attack on the United States.
Thesis Chapters by Laini Snow
Drafts by Laini Snow