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Table 3 Contribution of the shear stress originated by the interaction between armor and elastomeric layers Table 4 Resultant external applied forces

Table 3 Contribution of the shear stress originated by the interaction between armor and elastomeric layers Table 4 Resultant external applied forces

Related Figures (26)

Fig. 1 Offloading operation scheme [16] The structural design verification of marine hoses is usually based on guidelines such as OCIMF [17] and API 17K [1]. However, as these guidelines do not cover all aspects involved in the design, some studies have been
Fig. 1 Offloading operation scheme [16] The structural design verification of marine hoses is usually based on guidelines such as OCIMF [17] and API 17K [1]. However, as these guidelines do not cover all aspects involved in the design, some studies have been
Fig. 2. Single Anchor Loading system [16] carried out on specific topics related to the global and loca behavior of marine hoses. Northcutt [15] conducted an experimental study focusing on characterizing the globa mechanical parameters of a 20” marine hose, such as axia and bend stiffnesses, and its ultimate axial strength. Costa [5] proposed an alternative configuration for the bonded flexible hose assembly capable of minimizing its globa dynamics effects. Lgtveit [13] reports, among other topics, the main failure modes observed in in-service marine hoses. Lassen et al. [12] conducted an investigation on the ultimate strength and fatigue durability of a 20” steel-re- inforced offloading hose. Lassen et al. [11] developed a finite element numerical model capable of predicting the mechanical properties and ultimate strength of the flexible hose tested in Lassen et al. [12]. Among this limited number of publications on the structural behavior of marine hoses, just a few deal with the computation of the stresses and/or strains in their internal components (layers).
Fig. 2. Single Anchor Loading system [16] carried out on specific topics related to the global and loca behavior of marine hoses. Northcutt [15] conducted an experimental study focusing on characterizing the globa mechanical parameters of a 20” marine hose, such as axia and bend stiffnesses, and its ultimate axial strength. Costa [5] proposed an alternative configuration for the bonded flexible hose assembly capable of minimizing its globa dynamics effects. Lgtveit [13] reports, among other topics, the main failure modes observed in in-service marine hoses. Lassen et al. [12] conducted an investigation on the ultimate strength and fatigue durability of a 20” steel-re- inforced offloading hose. Lassen et al. [11] developed a finite element numerical model capable of predicting the mechanical properties and ultimate strength of the flexible hose tested in Lassen et al. [12]. Among this limited number of publications on the structural behavior of marine hoses, just a few deal with the computation of the stresses and/or strains in their internal components (layers).
Fig. 5 Details of first (a—c) and second (d, e) carcasses components: (a) liner, (b) plies, (c) bend stiffener, (d) second liner and (e) plies. [10] Fig. 4 Typical offloading hose’s components and carcasses: (a) flange, (b) nipple, (c) first carcass, (d) second carcass, (e) floaters (foam jacket), e, (f) cover. [18]
Fig. 5 Details of first (a—c) and second (d, e) carcasses components: (a) liner, (b) plies, (c) bend stiffener, (d) second liner and (e) plies. [10] Fig. 4 Typical offloading hose’s components and carcasses: (a) flange, (b) nipple, (c) first carcass, (d) second carcass, (e) floaters (foam jacket), e, (f) cover. [18]
Table 5 Axial and circumferential stress due to elastomeric layers response Table 6 Axial and shear stress due to armor tendons response
Table 5 Axial and circumferential stress due to elastomeric layers response Table 6 Axial and shear stress due to armor tendons response
Table 2 Contribution of elastomeric layers
Table 2 Contribution of elastomeric layers
Fig. 6 Finite element model proposed in normal operational conditions. In this sense, this con- striction is well known for representing two surfaces that begin and remain adhered throughout the analysis. The perfect adherence is ensured by linking and constraining the degrees of freedom of a chosen surface (slave surface) to another (master surface).
Fig. 6 Finite element model proposed in normal operational conditions. In this sense, this con- striction is well known for representing two surfaces that begin and remain adhered throughout the analysis. The perfect adherence is ensured by linking and constraining the degrees of freedom of a chosen surface (slave surface) to another (master surface).
Table 7 General properties of the 20” hose See layers definitions in Fig. 9; i spacing between cords of 1.05 mm
Table 7 General properties of the 20” hose See layers definitions in Fig. 9; i spacing between cords of 1.05 mm
Table 8 Mechanical properties of the materials used in the 20” hose
Table 8 Mechanical properties of the materials used in the 20” hose
experimental work of Northcutt [15], who identified this value as the ultimate axial force for a similar hose.
experimental work of Northcutt [15], who identified this value as the ultimate axial force for a similar hose.
Fig. 11 Isometric and cross-sectional view of the numerical finite element model mesh Fig. 12 a Representation of the contact type MPC used for the transmission of the boundary conditions and application of loads b boundar conditions applied to the middle of the duct
Fig. 11 Isometric and cross-sectional view of the numerical finite element model mesh Fig. 12 a Representation of the contact type MPC used for the transmission of the boundary conditions and application of loads b boundar conditions applied to the middle of the duct
Table 9 Load cases
Table 9 Load cases
Table 10 Comparison between analytical end numerical results
Table 10 Comparison between analytical end numerical results
Fig. 13 Displacement (mm) and angular (rad) variation with increase in the dimensionless axial force (KN/kKN)
Fig. 13 Displacement (mm) and angular (rad) variation with increase in the dimensionless axial force (KN/kKN)
overall mechanical behavior of the hose and the stres: levels at various layers in a variety of situations.
overall mechanical behavior of the hose and the stres: levels at various layers in a variety of situations.
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