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Figure 10. The gain for proposed antenna with multi-layer superstrate where it is a material with a low refractive index. The field distribution of the antenna is also affected by the presence of an MTM superstrate. One of the most important features is to improve the gain of the microstrip antenna, in this case, is enhanced as shown in Figure 10. Figure 11 is shown voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) was calculated and validated to be less than 2, indicating that the antenna matching was satisfactory because VSWR is a measurement of the mismatch between the antenna and the feeding system. Larger the mismatch, the higher the VSWR. The smallest value of VSWR is unity, which results in a perfect match. The proportion of maximum to minimum voltages is referred to as VSWR.

Figure 10 The gain for proposed antenna with multi-layer superstrate where it is a material with a low refractive index. The field distribution of the antenna is also affected by the presence of an MTM superstrate. One of the most important features is to improve the gain of the microstrip antenna, in this case, is enhanced as shown in Figure 10. Figure 11 is shown voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) was calculated and validated to be less than 2, indicating that the antenna matching was satisfactory because VSWR is a measurement of the mismatch between the antenna and the feeding system. Larger the mismatch, the higher the VSWR. The smallest value of VSWR is unity, which results in a perfect match. The proportion of maximum to minimum voltages is referred to as VSWR.

Related Figures (11)

Figure. 1. Metamaterials used as a superstrate to increase the antenna gain
Figure. 1. Metamaterials used as a superstrate to increase the antenna gain
Figure 2. The hexagonal of (a) cell proposed and (b) cell proposed of equivalent circuit Two symmetrically arranged hexagonal shaped split ring resonators make up the proposed metamaterial unit cell pentagonal short-range reconnaissance (SRR). The proposed pentagonal SRR's comprehensive dimension structure is shown in Figure 2. A capacitor can be used to depict the separation distance in hexagonal shape patches. The capacitor, on the other hand, fills the gap in the hexagonal shape sides. An inductor provides the conductor bar in the hexagonal shape section. The free space impedance (377) is used to calculate the load resistance [20]-[26]. Figure 3 shows (si) for the unit cell of metasurface proposed.
Figure 2. The hexagonal of (a) cell proposed and (b) cell proposed of equivalent circuit Two symmetrically arranged hexagonal shaped split ring resonators make up the proposed metamaterial unit cell pentagonal short-range reconnaissance (SRR). The proposed pentagonal SRR's comprehensive dimension structure is shown in Figure 2. A capacitor can be used to depict the separation distance in hexagonal shape patches. The capacitor, on the other hand, fills the gap in the hexagonal shape sides. An inductor provides the conductor bar in the hexagonal shape section. The free space impedance (377) is used to calculate the load resistance [20]-[26]. Figure 3 shows (si) for the unit cell of metasurface proposed.
Figure 3. (S11) of unit cell metasurface
Figure 3. (S11) of unit cell metasurface
Figure 4. The proposed of (a) front patch antenna and (b) ground plane for antenna Table 1. The designed microstrip antenna’s dimensions
Figure 4. The proposed of (a) front patch antenna and (b) ground plane for antenna Table 1. The designed microstrip antenna’s dimensions
Figure 6. Proposed microstrip antenna gain Figure 5. S;; of proposed antenna 1. SUPERSTRATE ANALYSIS OF MULTI-LAYER METAMATERIALS This section introduces a new idea for using a metasurface as a multilayer superstrate and found it in a positive and effective manner. The metasurface of superstrate is composed of a (2x2) cells of hexagonal shape unit cells and has a total area of (28x28) mm?. This number of unit cells was chosen because the area of a loaded antenna must be the same or smaller than the patch area, as shown in Figure 7(a). A multi-layer superstrate with the suggested antenna is displayed in Figure 7(b). The suggested antenna was analyzed using the CST microwave studio package.
Figure 6. Proposed microstrip antenna gain Figure 5. S;; of proposed antenna 1. SUPERSTRATE ANALYSIS OF MULTI-LAYER METAMATERIALS This section introduces a new idea for using a metasurface as a multilayer superstrate and found it in a positive and effective manner. The metasurface of superstrate is composed of a (2x2) cells of hexagonal shape unit cells and has a total area of (28x28) mm?. This number of unit cells was chosen because the area of a loaded antenna must be the same or smaller than the patch area, as shown in Figure 7(a). A multi-layer superstrate with the suggested antenna is displayed in Figure 7(b). The suggested antenna was analyzed using the CST microwave studio package.
Figure 7. The unit cell array (a) geometrical structure of the multi-layer metasurface (MTM) superstrate and (b) side view
Figure 7. The unit cell array (a) geometrical structure of the multi-layer metasurface (MTM) superstrate and (b) side view
Figure 8. Input reflection coefficient parametric analysis for various distances The sweep parameter features in the CST software, which selects the ideal values for the antenna elements, is used to generate the best designs that give the highest improvement in the matching impedance resonance and the gain of the microstrip antenna. Figure 8 show the S1; of the proposed patch antenna at ¢ different space between the layers and a patch. The distance to reach the optimal result after examining the parametric study results for the maximum input reflection coefficient and the gain is d=4 and the distance between layers is 2 mm as shown in Figures 9 and 10. The position of the metasurface layers is optimized tc enhanced the input reflection coefficient as shown in Figure 9, (S11) parameter was equal to -38.338 dB, i validated to be more than (10 dB) indicating good antenna matching.
Figure 8. Input reflection coefficient parametric analysis for various distances The sweep parameter features in the CST software, which selects the ideal values for the antenna elements, is used to generate the best designs that give the highest improvement in the matching impedance resonance and the gain of the microstrip antenna. Figure 8 show the S1; of the proposed patch antenna at ¢ different space between the layers and a patch. The distance to reach the optimal result after examining the parametric study results for the maximum input reflection coefficient and the gain is d=4 and the distance between layers is 2 mm as shown in Figures 9 and 10. The position of the metasurface layers is optimized tc enhanced the input reflection coefficient as shown in Figure 9, (S11) parameter was equal to -38.338 dB, i validated to be more than (10 dB) indicating good antenna matching.
The proposed antenna gain enhancement can be described using Snell's law of refraction, whereby lectromagnetic waves are transmitted in the direction of the surface standard by and away from the source
The proposed antenna gain enhancement can be described using Snell's law of refraction, whereby lectromagnetic waves are transmitted in the direction of the surface standard by and away from the source
Figure.11. VSWR at the distance 4 mm
Figure.11. VSWR at the distance 4 mm
BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Related topics:
Materials ScienceMicrostrip AntennaPATCH ANTENNAReflection Coefficient
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