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V-to-T movement is a head movement whereas VP-fronting targets a phrasal category the other hand, a VP(vP)-fronting analysis requires that the verb remains in VP, as implied sentence does not include the V-to-T movement. The landing site is also a problem since

Figure 17 V-to-T movement is a head movement whereas VP-fronting targets a phrasal category the other hand, a VP(vP)-fronting analysis requires that the verb remains in VP, as implied sentence does not include the V-to-T movement. The landing site is also a problem since

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Table 2.8 from page 37 is reproduced here for the sake of convenience.
Table 2.8 from page 37 is reproduced here for the sake of convenience.
Figure 2.1: Location of the Sierra Norte de Puebla?
Figure 2.1: Location of the Sierra Norte de Puebla?
Figure 2.2: Locations of three Nahua variants of the Sierra®
Figure 2.2: Locations of three Nahua variants of the Sierra®
Figure 2.3: Locations of major Nahua-speaking communities in the Sierra®
Figure 2.3: Locations of major Nahua-speaking communities in the Sierra®
Table 2.1: So-called “metathetic” person prefixes in Tenango Also, Lastra de Suarez (1986) provides a word list of the variant spoken in the city of Zacatlan collected in 1976 by Jeff Burnham, based on which she attributes the variant
Table 2.1: So-called “metathetic” person prefixes in Tenango Also, Lastra de Suarez (1986) provides a word list of the variant spoken in the city of Zacatlan collected in 1976 by Jeff Burnham, based on which she attributes the variant
this feature, hence the term Nahuat. Other groups of the Sierra preserve the original *J.
this feature, hence the term Nahuat. Other groups of the Sierra preserve the original *J.
Table 2.3: Raising of *e in the Sierra where short e is retained. First, e was not raised before h: e.g. tleh ‘what’; wehxoloti
Table 2.3: Raising of *e in the Sierra where short e is retained. First, e was not raised before h: e.g. tleh ‘what’; wehxoloti
Table 2.4: #e- vs. #ye- in the Sierra
Table 2.4: #e- vs. #ye- in the Sierra
Figure 2.4: Isoglosses in the Sierra!”
Figure 2.4: Isoglosses in the Sierra!”
Table 2.5: e vs. i< **u in the Sierra
Table 2.5: e vs. i< **u in the Sierra
Table 2.6: Loss of -tli/-(1)i in Ixquihuacan Nahuatl and Sierra Nahuat 2.4.2 Degemination
Table 2.6: Loss of -tli/-(1)i in Ixquihuacan Nahuatl and Sierra Nahuat 2.4.2 Degemination
nikdn) and ‘I am’ (Classical Nahuatl nikah) are homophonous in Ixquihuacan (nikah). as well as an underlying h. Thus, for example, the words for ‘here’ (Classical Nahuatl Probably reflecting this merger, word-final Vi# sometimes realizes with a certain
nikdn) and ‘I am’ (Classical Nahuatl nikah) are homophonous in Ixquihuacan (nikah). as well as an underlying h. Thus, for example, the words for ‘here’ (Classical Nahuatl Probably reflecting this merger, word-final Vi# sometimes realizes with a certain
Figure 2.6: Locations of Ahuacatlén and Ixquihuacan'?
Figure 2.6: Locations of Ahuacatlén and Ixquihuacan'?
its highest locality, Hueyetlacomulco, is at an elevation of approximately 1,812 ma.s.l. The Spanish toponym /xquihuacan is written without an accent in official maps
its highest locality, Hueyetlacomulco, is at an elevation of approximately 1,812 ma.s.l. The Spanish toponym /xquihuacan is written without an accent in official maps
Table 2.7: Localities in Ixquihuacan and their population”® highly discernible characteristics as Ixquihuacan Nahuatl.
Table 2.7: Localities in Ixquihuacan and their population”® highly discernible characteristics as Ixquihuacan Nahuatl.
Spanish loanwords Table 2.8: Transcription used in this thesis
Spanish loanwords Table 2.8: Transcription used in this thesis
weird whereas (23a) is natural, they argue, because zibun “crosses over” its coindexed They consider these data to be evidence for the configurationality of Japanese because the presence of the crossover effect implies that scrambling in the language consists of movement. In other words, the apparent freedom of surface word order is “Who; has the fact that Hanako dislikes him; depressed?’
weird whereas (23a) is natural, they argue, because zibun “crosses over” its coindexed They consider these data to be evidence for the configurationality of Japanese because the presence of the crossover effect implies that scrambling in the language consists of movement. In other words, the apparent freedom of surface word order is “Who; has the fact that Hanako dislikes him; depressed?’
This argumentation sounds elegant at first since it explains the impossibility of binding in (27) and the absence of subject—object asymmetry between them at the same
This argumentation sounds elegant at first since it explains the impossibility of binding in (27) and the absence of subject—object asymmetry between them at the same
illustrated in (118).
illustrated in (118).
of Classical Nahuatl. In particular, a transitive sentence shows a strong preference for exhibits a high degree of freedom of word order. opanok? ‘What happened?’ Under these conditions, other orders are unobserved.
of Classical Nahuatl. In particular, a transitive sentence shows a strong preference for exhibits a high degree of freedom of word order. opanok? ‘What happened?’ Under these conditions, other orders are unobserved.
or the object. This position is commonly occupied by an adverb or adpositional phrase, Nahuatl as well as in Spanish. In addition, the fronted item is not limited to the subject As already pointed out, only one element can appear in the preverbal slot in Ixquihuacan
or the object. This position is commonly occupied by an adverb or adpositional phrase, Nahuatl as well as in Spanish. In addition, the fronted item is not limited to the subject As already pointed out, only one element can appear in the preverbal slot in Ixquihuacan
‘And so that horse, that muleteer, that herdboy sometimes appears in the road.’ Sullivan 2018), it is common that more than one adverbial elements are preposed. towards the fronting of adverbial elements in the language (e.g., Lockhart 2001: 81, adpositional phrases is difficult to interpret. Reflecting the cross-dialectal inclination
‘And so that horse, that muleteer, that herdboy sometimes appears in the road.’ Sullivan 2018), it is common that more than one adverbial elements are preposed. towards the fronting of adverbial elements in the language (e.g., Lockhart 2001: 81, adpositional phrases is difficult to interpret. Reflecting the cross-dialectal inclination
external topics whereas the phrases immediately preceding the verb (san sé tamal ‘only topicalized elements (n Lupitah ‘Lupita’ and nik=ankah pan ‘this bread’) exemplify
external topics whereas the phrases immediately preceding the verb (san sé tamal ‘only topicalized elements (n Lupitah ‘Lupita’ and nik=ankah pan ‘this bread’) exemplify
Table 5.1: Characteristics of internal and external topics Despite its deviation from the idea of a prototypical topic, I would like to persist that of internal and external topics discussed so far.
Table 5.1: Characteristics of internal and external topics Despite its deviation from the idea of a prototypical topic, I would like to persist that of internal and external topics discussed so far.
precede the verb in verb-initial sentences as in (199)-(200). The MoVIL model, on the other hand, can trivially account for these examples in terms of internal topicalization.
precede the verb in verb-initial sentences as in (199)-(200). The MoVIL model, on the other hand, can trivially account for these examples in terms of internal topicalization.
Although I have deliberately identified “verb-initial” with VSO so far, it is also possible
Although I have deliberately identified “verb-initial” with VSO so far, it is also possible
At first glance, the first candidate (210a) appears to be more straightforward, for it verb to T°, which is theoretically probable but is not relevant here because it does not assumes a simpler structure and fewer movements. It is the model employed in earlie fronting of the verb and the object (1.e., vP). (210a) may involve further fronting of the
At first glance, the first candidate (210a) appears to be more straightforward, for it verb to T°, which is theoretically probable but is not relevant here because it does not assumes a simpler structure and fewer movements. It is the model employed in earlie fronting of the verb and the object (1.e., vP). (210a) may involve further fronting of the
kén in), but this n is usually inaudible because of the n# > h# rule (Section 2.4.3.1). In ow’ probably contain this n as well, as suggested by their etymology (ak in, kan in, The fact that wh-phrases are followed by n seems to imply the focushood of
kén in), but this n is usually inaudible because of the n# > h# rule (Section 2.4.3.1). In ow’ probably contain this n as well, as suggested by their etymology (ak in, kan in, The fact that wh-phrases are followed by n seems to imply the focushood of
(233)—(234) appear to be trivially accounted for as reflecting the original phrase structure. Nahuatl share the same VSO underlying structure. Under this model, VS sentences like conclusive here, the subject-final orders as in (233)—(234) can be alternatively analyzed In the preceding sections, I proposed that the varying word order patterns in Ixquihuacan as the result of some kind of predicate fronting rather than as the reflection of the original
(233)—(234) appear to be trivially accounted for as reflecting the original phrase structure. Nahuatl share the same VSO underlying structure. Under this model, VS sentences like conclusive here, the subject-final orders as in (233)—(234) can be alternatively analyzed In the preceding sections, I proposed that the varying word order patterns in Ixquihuacan as the result of some kind of predicate fronting rather than as the reflection of the original
in the original VP, i.e., the subject, is interpreted as given information. 5.8.2.3 Predicate focalization and nonverbal predication
in the original VP, i.e., the subject, is interpreted as given information. 5.8.2.3 Predicate focalization and nonverbal predication
results in the VOS order with S as given information (Section 5.8.2.2), Cop + Pred can be raised as in (247b) so that the remaining subject is interpreted as given.
results in the VOS order with S as given information (Section 5.8.2.2), Cop + Pred can be raised as in (247b) so that the remaining subject is interpreted as given.
5.8.2.4 Predicate focalization and bare-noun objects The model presented here can also account for the distribution of bare-noun objects in
5.8.2.4 Predicate focalization and bare-noun objects The model presented here can also account for the distribution of bare-noun objects in
5.8.3.4 De-uniformizing function of split scrambling associated with focus. Partitive constructions as in (261)—(262) are typical in this regard; Like its counterpart in Russian, the split scrambling in Ixquihuacan Nahuatl is primarily
5.8.3.4 De-uniformizing function of split scrambling associated with focus. Partitive constructions as in (261)—(262) are typical in this regard; Like its counterpart in Russian, the split scrambling in Ixquihuacan Nahuatl is primarily
of the fronting of a demonstrative which Flores Najera (2019) does not report. De la Variants may differ in the conditions of split scrambling. (268) is possibly an example
of the fronting of a demonstrative which Flores Najera (2019) does not report. De la Variants may differ in the conditions of split scrambling. (268) is possibly an example
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