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spends the beam searching time based on the PSI arrival. If the PSI arrives at the first transmitted beam, the UE has to wait until the beam searching expires. Then, the UE will spend BT,,,,. Otherwise, the UE doesn't complete the beam searching time. Then, the UE will spend BT,,j,. At a fixed value of data packet arrival rate A = 1/20, Figure 8(c) shows the same previous impact but under literature and proposed TTI values. By using of TTI 200 usec, the UE power consumption is reduced rather than using of TTI 1 msec.

Figure 8 spends the beam searching time based on the PSI arrival. If the PSI arrives at the first transmitted beam, the UE has to wait until the beam searching expires. Then, the UE will spend BT,,,,. Otherwise, the UE doesn't complete the beam searching time. Then, the UE will spend BT,,j,. At a fixed value of data packet arrival rate A = 1/20, Figure 8(c) shows the same previous impact but under literature and proposed TTI values. By using of TTI 200 usec, the UE power consumption is reduced rather than using of TTI 1 msec.

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Based on traffic arrival, there are two system models saving power by the DRX sleep mode. They are Signaling Based DRX and Enhanced Paging Monitoring. The first one is determined by the configuration of the Power Saving Indication (PSI) and the second one is determined by the existence of the Paging Early Indication (PEI). The first system model observes the impact of presence/absence of the PSI during the UE detection for all transmitted beams from the Base Station. The second system model illustrates the role of the PEI during the UE Paging Occasions (POs). The both system models are described by using a Semi-Markov chain model to give the UE transition states scenario. A block diagram is explaining the procedure models as shown in Figure 1. Table 1 and Table 2 give the abbreviations and symbols used in the both system models. Fig. 1 First and Second System Models Block Diagram
Based on traffic arrival, there are two system models saving power by the DRX sleep mode. They are Signaling Based DRX and Enhanced Paging Monitoring. The first one is determined by the configuration of the Power Saving Indication (PSI) and the second one is determined by the existence of the Paging Early Indication (PEI). The first system model observes the impact of presence/absence of the PSI during the UE detection for all transmitted beams from the Base Station. The second system model illustrates the role of the PEI during the UE Paging Occasions (POs). The both system models are described by using a Semi-Markov chain model to give the UE transition states scenario. A block diagram is explaining the procedure models as shown in Figure 1. Table 1 and Table 2 give the abbreviations and symbols used in the both system models. Fig. 1 First and Second System Models Block Diagram
Fig. 2 Signaling Based DRX Model Semi-Markov Transition States [5]
Fig. 2 Signaling Based DRX Model Semi-Markov Transition States [5]
In I-DRX Mode, the UE is only paged from the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) [5]. In C-DRX Mode, the UE is served with the data activity from the PDCCH [5]. To the acknowledgment of 5G directional communications, the UE has to select and align with the best beam pair after the beam forming procedure is performed [4, 12]. Thus, the proposed signaling based DRX model introduces the PSI configuration at the first transmitted beam swept by the UE. If the PSI is absent, he UE doesn't perform the best beam pair selection and alignment [5]. Subsequently, the UE doesn’t receive any data packet/paging message arrival from the PDCCH. The time spent by the UE during this process is named as the Minimum Beam Searching Time (BT,;,,). If the PSI is present, the UE has to search all the available transmitted beams by its own beams so that it can select and align with the best beam pair [5]. Subsequently, the UE receives data packet/paging arrival from the PDCCH. The time spent by the UE during this process is named as the Maximum Beam Searching Time (BT,y,,). Therefore, the beam searching time with PSI configuration may be BT,,;, or BTyq, for PSI absence or presence, respectively. Without PSI configuration, the beam searching time is considered as BTynqx-
In I-DRX Mode, the UE is only paged from the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) [5]. In C-DRX Mode, the UE is served with the data activity from the PDCCH [5]. To the acknowledgment of 5G directional communications, the UE has to select and align with the best beam pair after the beam forming procedure is performed [4, 12]. Thus, the proposed signaling based DRX model introduces the PSI configuration at the first transmitted beam swept by the UE. If the PSI is absent, he UE doesn't perform the best beam pair selection and alignment [5]. Subsequently, the UE doesn’t receive any data packet/paging message arrival from the PDCCH. The time spent by the UE during this process is named as the Minimum Beam Searching Time (BT,;,,). If the PSI is present, the UE has to search all the available transmitted beams by its own beams so that it can select and align with the best beam pair [5]. Subsequently, the UE receives data packet/paging arrival from the PDCCH. The time spent by the UE during this process is named as the Maximum Beam Searching Time (BT,y,,). Therefore, the beam searching time with PSI configuration may be BT,,;, or BTyq, for PSI absence or presence, respectively. Without PSI configuration, the beam searching time is considered as BTynqx-
Due to the stationary distribution done as the following: All above transition probabilities can be arranged in a matrix P as given in [5] as the following formula
Due to the stationary distribution done as the following: All above transition probabilities can be arranged in a matrix P as given in [5] as the following formula
3.1.3 Mean Holding Times The expected value of the inactivity timer time is given by the following:
3.1.3 Mean Holding Times The expected value of the inactivity timer time is given by the following:
Fig. 4 Default and Specific Idle DRX Cycle Configuration [7] 3.2 Second System Model [Enhanced Paging Monitoring (EPM)] The mean holding time of the UE during the Sg state is given as follows:
Fig. 4 Default and Specific Idle DRX Cycle Configuration [7] 3.2 Second System Model [Enhanced Paging Monitoring (EPM)] The mean holding time of the UE during the Sg state is given as follows:
Table 3 Signaling Based DRX Model Parameters
Table 3 Signaling Based DRX Model Parameters
Fig. 6 Paging Monitoring Schemes in 5G/Beyond 5G Integrated with PEI [7] 4. Analytical Results and Discussions eee PE I IIE EEE II IEEE In this section, two basic models are analyzed by using the MATLAB simulation program in order to obtain some results which verify the system model and the numerical analysis due to literature and proposed Transmission Time Interval (TTD values (1 msec and 200 usec respectively). These models are Signaling Based DRX and Enhanced Paging Monitoring (EPM). 3GPP standard values are adopted in the analytical results. Table 3 provides the simulation parameters used in the Signaling Based DRX model and the simulation parameters used in the EPM model are given in Table 4. SSB p: The duration of the SS Burst (Default Value = 20 msec)
Fig. 6 Paging Monitoring Schemes in 5G/Beyond 5G Integrated with PEI [7] 4. Analytical Results and Discussions eee PE I IIE EEE II IEEE In this section, two basic models are analyzed by using the MATLAB simulation program in order to obtain some results which verify the system model and the numerical analysis due to literature and proposed Transmission Time Interval (TTD values (1 msec and 200 usec respectively). These models are Signaling Based DRX and Enhanced Paging Monitoring (EPM). 3GPP standard values are adopted in the analytical results. Table 3 provides the simulation parameters used in the Signaling Based DRX model and the simulation parameters used in the EPM model are given in Table 4. SSB p: The duration of the SS Burst (Default Value = 20 msec)
Table 4 Enhanced Paging Monitoring (EPM) Model Parameters
Table 4 Enhanced Paging Monitoring (EPM) Model Parameters
Figure 8(a) and Figure 8(b) show the impact of DRX long sleep cycle length in msec on the power amount consumed by the UE in mW with presence of different values of data packet arrival rate for the minimum and maximum beam searching times, BTj,;, and BTinaqy; respectively. As the DRX long sleep cycle increases, the power consumption by the UE is exponentially decreased but in very minor differences due to the effective DRX long sleep period. It is clear that the power consumption with BT,,q, is higher than that with BT,,j;, since the UE Figure 8(a) and Figure 8(b) show the impact of DRX long sleep cycle length in msec on
Figure 8(a) and Figure 8(b) show the impact of DRX long sleep cycle length in msec on the power amount consumed by the UE in mW with presence of different values of data packet arrival rate for the minimum and maximum beam searching times, BTj,;, and BTinaqy; respectively. As the DRX long sleep cycle increases, the power consumption by the UE is exponentially decreased but in very minor differences due to the effective DRX long sleep period. It is clear that the power consumption with BT,,q, is higher than that with BT,,j;, since the UE Figure 8(a) and Figure 8(b) show the impact of DRX long sleep cycle length in msec on
Figure 9(a) and Figure 9(b) show the impact of DRX short sleep cycle length in msec on the power saving factor by the UE in % with presence of different values of data packet arrival rate for the minimum and maximum beam searching times, BT,,j, and BTynq,, respectively. As the DRX short sleep cycle increases, the power saving factor by the UE is exponentially increased because the UE doesn't receive any data packet from the PDCCH during the effective DRX short sleep period. It is clear that the power saving factor with BT,,q, is lower than that with BT,,in since the UE spends the beam searching time based on the PSI arrival. If the PSI arrives at the first transmitted beam, the UE has to wait until the beam searching expires. Then, the UE will spend BT;nq,. Otherwise, the UE doesn't complete the beam searching time. Then, the UE will spend BT,yjn. At a fixed value of data packet arrival rate A = 1/20, Figure 9(c) shows the same previous impact but under literature and proposed TTI values. By using of TTI 200 psec, the UE power saving is increased rather than using of TTI 1 msec. power saving is increased rather than using of TTI | msec.
Figure 9(a) and Figure 9(b) show the impact of DRX short sleep cycle length in msec on the power saving factor by the UE in % with presence of different values of data packet arrival rate for the minimum and maximum beam searching times, BT,,j, and BTynq,, respectively. As the DRX short sleep cycle increases, the power saving factor by the UE is exponentially increased because the UE doesn't receive any data packet from the PDCCH during the effective DRX short sleep period. It is clear that the power saving factor with BT,,q, is lower than that with BT,,in since the UE spends the beam searching time based on the PSI arrival. If the PSI arrives at the first transmitted beam, the UE has to wait until the beam searching expires. Then, the UE will spend BT;nq,. Otherwise, the UE doesn't complete the beam searching time. Then, the UE will spend BT,yjn. At a fixed value of data packet arrival rate A = 1/20, Figure 9(c) shows the same previous impact but under literature and proposed TTI values. By using of TTI 200 psec, the UE power saving is increased rather than using of TTI 1 msec. power saving is increased rather than using of TTI | msec.
Figure 10(a) and Figure 10(b) show the impact of DRX long sleep cycle length in msec on the power saving factor by the UE in % with presence of different values of data packet arrival rate for the minimum and maximum beam searching times, BT;,,;,, and BT;»q,, respectively. As the DRX long sleep cycle increases, the power saving factor by the UE is exponentially increased but in very minor differences due to the effective DRX long sleep period. It is clear that the power saving factor with BT,,,, is lower than that with BT,,;, since the UE spends the beam searching time based on the PSI arrival. If the PSI arrives at the first transmitted beam, the UE has to wait until the beam searching expires. Then, the UE will spend BT,,q,. Otherwise, the UE doesn't complete the beam searching time. Then, the UE will spend BT,,;,. At a fixed value of data packet arrival rate A = 1/20, Figure 10(c) shows the same previous impact but under literature and proposed TTI values. By using of TTI 200 usec, the UE power saving is increased rather than using of TTI 1 msec. Figure 10(a) and Figure 10(b) show the impact of DRX long sleep cycle length in msec
Figure 10(a) and Figure 10(b) show the impact of DRX long sleep cycle length in msec on the power saving factor by the UE in % with presence of different values of data packet arrival rate for the minimum and maximum beam searching times, BT;,,;,, and BT;»q,, respectively. As the DRX long sleep cycle increases, the power saving factor by the UE is exponentially increased but in very minor differences due to the effective DRX long sleep period. It is clear that the power saving factor with BT,,,, is lower than that with BT,,;, since the UE spends the beam searching time based on the PSI arrival. If the PSI arrives at the first transmitted beam, the UE has to wait until the beam searching expires. Then, the UE will spend BT,,q,. Otherwise, the UE doesn't complete the beam searching time. Then, the UE will spend BT,,;,. At a fixed value of data packet arrival rate A = 1/20, Figure 10(c) shows the same previous impact but under literature and proposed TTI values. By using of TTI 200 usec, the UE power saving is increased rather than using of TTI 1 msec. Figure 10(a) and Figure 10(b) show the impact of DRX long sleep cycle length in msec
Figure 11(a) and Figure 11(b) show the impact of DRX inactivity timer length in msec Figure 11(a) and Figure 11(b) show the impact of DRX inactivity timer length in msec on the power saving factor by the UE in % with presence of different values of data packet arrival rate for the minimum and maximum beam searching times, BT,,;, and BTq,, respectively. As the DRX inactivity timer increases, the power saving factor by the UE is exponentially decreased because the UE is receiving any data packet arrives from the PDCCH during the effective active period. It is clear that the power saving factor with BT,,¢, is lower than that with BT,,,;, since the
Figure 11(a) and Figure 11(b) show the impact of DRX inactivity timer length in msec Figure 11(a) and Figure 11(b) show the impact of DRX inactivity timer length in msec on the power saving factor by the UE in % with presence of different values of data packet arrival rate for the minimum and maximum beam searching times, BT,,;, and BTq,, respectively. As the DRX inactivity timer increases, the power saving factor by the UE is exponentially decreased because the UE is receiving any data packet arrives from the PDCCH during the effective active period. It is clear that the power saving factor with BT,,¢, is lower than that with BT,,,;, since the
UE spends the beam searching time based on the PSI arrival. If the PSI arrives at the first transmitted beam, the UE has to wait until the beam searching expires. Then, the UE will spend BT max. Otherwise, the UE doesn't complete the beam searching time. Then, the UE will spend BTyin. At a fixed value of data packet arrival rate 2 = 1/20, Figure 11(c) shows the same previous impact but under literature and proposed TTI values. By using of TTI 200 usec, the UE power saving is increased rather than using of TTI | msec. Figure 12(a) and Figure 12(b) show the impact of paging cycle length in msec on the
UE spends the beam searching time based on the PSI arrival. If the PSI arrives at the first transmitted beam, the UE has to wait until the beam searching expires. Then, the UE will spend BT max. Otherwise, the UE doesn't complete the beam searching time. Then, the UE will spend BTyin. At a fixed value of data packet arrival rate 2 = 1/20, Figure 11(c) shows the same previous impact but under literature and proposed TTI values. By using of TTI 200 usec, the UE power saving is increased rather than using of TTI | msec. Figure 12(a) and Figure 12(b) show the impact of paging cycle length in msec on the
4.1.3 Average Delay The average delay of the UE (E[D]) can be measured as the following:
4.1.3 Average Delay The average delay of the UE (E[D]) can be measured as the following:
Figure 15(a) and Figure 15(b) show the influence of the ratio of specific to default DRX cycle (K,) on the relative power consumption by the UE for both MIN+PEI and EPM+PEI chemes under two values of SSBs number, Nsosg = 2 and Nosg = 3, respectively. As Ky, is oubled, the relative power consumption by the UE is reasonably decreased for the proposed .PM+PEI scheme while it is fixed for the traditional MIN+PEI scheme. As Nosg increases, the elative power consumption by the UE is increased. The relative power consumption by the UE is tatic around 4.55 and 5.45 for the traditional MIN+PEI scheme at Nssp = 2 and Nesp = 3, espectively. It is observed that the PEI reduces the relative power consumption in both MIN and ‘PM schemes. Thus, the EPM+PEI scheme is better than the MIN, MIN+PEI and EPM schemes. \t a fixed value of paging rate p = 0.1, Figure 15(c) shows the same previous impact but under iterature and proposed TTI values. By using of TTI 200 usec, the UE relative power onsumption is reduced rather than using of TTI 1 msec. doubled, the relative power consumption by the UE is reasonably decreased for the proposed
Figure 15(a) and Figure 15(b) show the influence of the ratio of specific to default DRX cycle (K,) on the relative power consumption by the UE for both MIN+PEI and EPM+PEI chemes under two values of SSBs number, Nsosg = 2 and Nosg = 3, respectively. As Ky, is oubled, the relative power consumption by the UE is reasonably decreased for the proposed .PM+PEI scheme while it is fixed for the traditional MIN+PEI scheme. As Nosg increases, the elative power consumption by the UE is increased. The relative power consumption by the UE is tatic around 4.55 and 5.45 for the traditional MIN+PEI scheme at Nssp = 2 and Nesp = 3, espectively. It is observed that the PEI reduces the relative power consumption in both MIN and ‘PM schemes. Thus, the EPM+PEI scheme is better than the MIN, MIN+PEI and EPM schemes. \t a fixed value of paging rate p = 0.1, Figure 15(c) shows the same previous impact but under iterature and proposed TTI values. By using of TTI 200 usec, the UE relative power onsumption is reduced rather than using of TTI 1 msec. doubled, the relative power consumption by the UE is reasonably decreased for the proposed
4.2.2 Power Saving Factor
4.2.2 Power Saving Factor
Based on the paging rate, a performance evaluation is assigned between the paging schemes with and without PEI on both metrics: Relative Power Consumption and Power Saving Factor respect to our TTI proposal (i.e. 200 usec). To achieve higher fairness, the power saving factor of the EPM scheme is compared to that of the MIN scheme. Moreover, the power saving factor of the EPM+PEI scheme is compared to that of the MIN+PEI scheme. The evaluation assessment is carried out under the same conditions of K,; and Ncosg. Figure 17(a) and Figure 17(b) depict the effect of the paging rate on the relative power consumption and the power saving factor by the UE, respectively. As the paging rate increases, the relative power consumption by the UE is decreased. Subsequently, the power saving factor by the UE is significantly increased. This is because that the UE is only paged from the PDCCH and avoids a large number of SSB; measurements. Figure 17(a) illustrates a performance evaluation of the relative power consumption between MIN, MIN+PEI, EPM and EPM+PEI schemes with using of K, = 4 and Nssg = 3. Figure 17(b) illustrates a performance evaluation of the power saving factor between EPM and EPM+PEI schemes with using of K,; = 4&8 and Nesp = 3. The evaluation analytical results observe that the EPM scheme saves power by about (30 — 35) % compared to that of the MIN scheme and the EPM+PEI scheme saves power by about (5 — 25) % compared to that of the MIN+PEI scheme. It can be concluded that the EPM+PEI scheme provides the best results practically.
Based on the paging rate, a performance evaluation is assigned between the paging schemes with and without PEI on both metrics: Relative Power Consumption and Power Saving Factor respect to our TTI proposal (i.e. 200 usec). To achieve higher fairness, the power saving factor of the EPM scheme is compared to that of the MIN scheme. Moreover, the power saving factor of the EPM+PEI scheme is compared to that of the MIN+PEI scheme. The evaluation assessment is carried out under the same conditions of K,; and Ncosg. Figure 17(a) and Figure 17(b) depict the effect of the paging rate on the relative power consumption and the power saving factor by the UE, respectively. As the paging rate increases, the relative power consumption by the UE is decreased. Subsequently, the power saving factor by the UE is significantly increased. This is because that the UE is only paged from the PDCCH and avoids a large number of SSB; measurements. Figure 17(a) illustrates a performance evaluation of the relative power consumption between MIN, MIN+PEI, EPM and EPM+PEI schemes with using of K, = 4 and Nssg = 3. Figure 17(b) illustrates a performance evaluation of the power saving factor between EPM and EPM+PEI schemes with using of K,; = 4&8 and Nesp = 3. The evaluation analytical results observe that the EPM scheme saves power by about (30 — 35) % compared to that of the MIN scheme and the EPM+PEI scheme saves power by about (5 — 25) % compared to that of the MIN+PEI scheme. It can be concluded that the EPM+PEI scheme provides the best results practically.
4.2.3 Average Delay The registration time can be formulated for the MIN, EPM, MIN+PEI and EPM+PEI paging schemes as the following:
4.2.3 Average Delay The registration time can be formulated for the MIN, EPM, MIN+PEI and EPM+PEI paging schemes as the following:
Fig. 18 Packet Arrival Rate Average Delay (Second System Model) Figure 18 shows the impact of data packet arrival rate in msec”! on the average delay of the UE in msec for different paging schemes: MIN, EPM, MIN+PEI and EPM+PEI under Kk, = 2 & Ncosp = 3. As the data packet arrival rate increases, the average delay of the UE is exponentially decreased. It may reach to zero. It can be noticeable that the EPM scheme reduces delay by about (0.5 — 25) msec compared to that of the MIN scheme and the EPM+PEI scheme reduces delay by about (0.25 — 15) msec compared to that of the MIN+PEI scheme. It can be concluded that the EPM+PEI scheme provides the best results practically. 4.3 First and Second System Models Performance Evaluation In this sub-section, there is a performance evaluation assigned between the first and the second system models: Signaling Based DRX and Enhanced Paging Monitoring (EPM) as shown in Figure 19. The performance evaluation measures the enhancement in power saving and delay through the both system models. This evaluation is carried out by the impact of the UE data/paging traffic arrival rate on the power saving factor and the average delay, respectively. Our TTI proposal (i.e. 200 usec) is here existed. system models. This evaluation is carried out by the impact of the UE data/paging traffic arrival rate on
Fig. 18 Packet Arrival Rate Average Delay (Second System Model) Figure 18 shows the impact of data packet arrival rate in msec”! on the average delay of the UE in msec for different paging schemes: MIN, EPM, MIN+PEI and EPM+PEI under Kk, = 2 & Ncosp = 3. As the data packet arrival rate increases, the average delay of the UE is exponentially decreased. It may reach to zero. It can be noticeable that the EPM scheme reduces delay by about (0.5 — 25) msec compared to that of the MIN scheme and the EPM+PEI scheme reduces delay by about (0.25 — 15) msec compared to that of the MIN+PEI scheme. It can be concluded that the EPM+PEI scheme provides the best results practically. 4.3 First and Second System Models Performance Evaluation In this sub-section, there is a performance evaluation assigned between the first and the second system models: Signaling Based DRX and Enhanced Paging Monitoring (EPM) as shown in Figure 19. The performance evaluation measures the enhancement in power saving and delay through the both system models. This evaluation is carried out by the impact of the UE data/paging traffic arrival rate on the power saving factor and the average delay, respectively. Our TTI proposal (i.e. 200 usec) is here existed. system models. This evaluation is carried out by the impact of the UE data/paging traffic arrival rate on
Figure 19(b) shows the impact of the UE data traffic arrival rate in msec” on the average delay of the UE in msec. As shown in this figure, when the UE data traffic arrival rate increases, the average lelay is exponentially decreased since the UE is served by packets from the buffer at the Base Station. It -an be obvious that the Signaling Based DRX model with BT,,;,, reduces the average delay compared to hat with BT,,q,. Moreover, the Enhanced Paging Monitoring (EPM) model reduces the average delay sompared to that of the MIN scheme using K,; = 2 & Ncosp = 3. The EPM+PEI reduces the average Jelay compared to that of the MIN+PEI using K, = 2 & Nssg = 3. It can be concluded that the second system model (i.e. Enhanced Paging Monitoring (EPM) model) eliminates delay by about (57 — 64) msec >ompared to that of the first system model (i.e. Signaling Based DRX model).
Figure 19(b) shows the impact of the UE data traffic arrival rate in msec” on the average delay of the UE in msec. As shown in this figure, when the UE data traffic arrival rate increases, the average lelay is exponentially decreased since the UE is served by packets from the buffer at the Base Station. It -an be obvious that the Signaling Based DRX model with BT,,;,, reduces the average delay compared to hat with BT,,q,. Moreover, the Enhanced Paging Monitoring (EPM) model reduces the average delay sompared to that of the MIN scheme using K,; = 2 & Ncosp = 3. The EPM+PEI reduces the average Jelay compared to that of the MIN+PEI using K, = 2 & Nssg = 3. It can be concluded that the second system model (i.e. Enhanced Paging Monitoring (EPM) model) eliminates delay by about (57 — 64) msec >ompared to that of the first system model (i.e. Signaling Based DRX model).
5. Conclusion and Future Work In this paper, two proposed system models are introduced based on data/paging traffic arrival from the Base Station (BS) under two different sub-frame size values, one is a literature and the other is a proposal. The first system model is the Signaling Based DRX and the second system model is the Enhanced Paging Monitoring (EPM). The both system models configure two power saving techniques using the DRX sleep mode operation in Radio Resource Control Connected (RRC_Connected) and Radio Resource Control Idle (RRC_Idle). The Signaling Based DRX system model configures the Power Saving Indicator (PSD) and the EPM system model configures the Paging Early Indicator (PED). Each indicator has its status of presence or absence with the UE which controls in the performance. For the Signaling Based DRX system model, presence or absence of the PSI means that the UE beam searching time will be maximum or minimum, respectively. Subsequently, the power consumption and the power saving factor are calculated due to the impact of DRX sleep, DRX inactivity and paging cycles. Moreover, the average delay is measured under different values of packet and paging arrival rates. Power saving and delay are improved via the minimum beam searching time compared to that of the maximum beam searching time. For the EPM system model, presence or absence of the paging message means that the UE will measure multiple Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSB;) or avoid them, respectively. Subsequently, the relative power consumption and the power saving factor are calculated due to the impact of Idle DRX sleep, paging cycles and number of beams. Moreover, the average delay of the paging schemes is measured under different values of packet arrival rate. Power saving and delay are improved with PEI compared to
5. Conclusion and Future Work In this paper, two proposed system models are introduced based on data/paging traffic arrival from the Base Station (BS) under two different sub-frame size values, one is a literature and the other is a proposal. The first system model is the Signaling Based DRX and the second system model is the Enhanced Paging Monitoring (EPM). The both system models configure two power saving techniques using the DRX sleep mode operation in Radio Resource Control Connected (RRC_Connected) and Radio Resource Control Idle (RRC_Idle). The Signaling Based DRX system model configures the Power Saving Indicator (PSD) and the EPM system model configures the Paging Early Indicator (PED). Each indicator has its status of presence or absence with the UE which controls in the performance. For the Signaling Based DRX system model, presence or absence of the PSI means that the UE beam searching time will be maximum or minimum, respectively. Subsequently, the power consumption and the power saving factor are calculated due to the impact of DRX sleep, DRX inactivity and paging cycles. Moreover, the average delay is measured under different values of packet and paging arrival rates. Power saving and delay are improved via the minimum beam searching time compared to that of the maximum beam searching time. For the EPM system model, presence or absence of the paging message means that the UE will measure multiple Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSB;) or avoid them, respectively. Subsequently, the relative power consumption and the power saving factor are calculated due to the impact of Idle DRX sleep, paging cycles and number of beams. Moreover, the average delay of the paging schemes is measured under different values of packet arrival rate. Power saving and delay are improved with PEI compared to
Table 5 Performance Evaluation Numerical Results and Enhancement Values
Table 5 Performance Evaluation Numerical Results and Enhancement Values
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