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Figure 3 Sentences allowable under [3]. Rows are first words, columns are second words. The re-write rules license half the sentences in this table; blocked sentences are denoted *. Our learner was able to discover exceptions to the rules such as a, appearing in first position or a, appearing in second position. in a contingency table: his is so, it is helpful to consider how the sentences allowable under a grammar such as [3] can be representec

Figure 3 Sentences allowable under [3]. Rows are first words, columns are second words. The re-write rules license half the sentences in this table; blocked sentences are denoted *. Our learner was able to discover exceptions to the rules such as a, appearing in first position or a, appearing in second position. in a contingency table: his is so, it is helpful to consider how the sentences allowable under a grammar such as [3] can be representec

Related Figures (5)

gure 1. The structure of the toy language mimics that of Baker’s Paradox for alternations. a, and a, could be blocked from occurring in BA and AB constructions respectively by entries in the exceptions element such as a,b,, a,b, or b,a,, b,a, etc. For the first generation agent in each simulation, however, all As occurred in both contexts (that is, they were ‘alternating’). ‘Cut’, ‘fall’, and ‘break’ are examples of alternating and non-alternating verbs. Levin (1993) provides an extensive list of alternations in English. Acquisition and Evolution of Natural Language 1134
gure 1. The structure of the toy language mimics that of Baker’s Paradox for alternations. a, and a, could be blocked from occurring in BA and AB constructions respectively by entries in the exceptions element such as a,b,, a,b, or b,a,, b,a, etc. For the first generation agent in each simulation, however, all As occurred in both contexts (that is, they were ‘alternating’). ‘Cut’, ‘fall’, and ‘break’ are examples of alternating and non-alternating verbs. Levin (1993) provides an extensive list of alternations in English. Acquisition and Evolution of Natural Language 1134
‘igure 2. The codelength (number of bits) associated with each hypothesis grammar entertained by a learnet after exposure to 50 sentences of a language containing 11 exceptions. The shortest codelength is obtained by the 12" hypothesis, i.e. the one containing 11 exceptions. (the first contains none, being completely regular). Although it is not obvious from the figure, the 12"" hypothesis specifies exactly the 11 exceptions contained in the language.
‘igure 2. The codelength (number of bits) associated with each hypothesis grammar entertained by a learnet after exposure to 50 sentences of a language containing 11 exceptions. The shortest codelength is obtained by the 12" hypothesis, i.e. the one containing 11 exceptions. (the first contains none, being completely regular). Although it is not obvious from the figure, the 12"" hypothesis specifies exactly the 11 exceptions contained in the language.
Figure 4. |The number of exceptions contained in the language transmitted by each learner to the subsequent generation in four simulations with differing corpus sizes. Where the number of exceptions was stable across several generations, for example seven exceptions in c) or the final 600 generations of d), the sentences specified as exceptions were the same for each generation. It is important to note the difference in scale for number of exceptions for a), b), c) and d).
Figure 4. |The number of exceptions contained in the language transmitted by each learner to the subsequent generation in four simulations with differing corpus sizes. Where the number of exceptions was stable across several generations, for example seven exceptions in c) or the final 600 generations of d), the sentences specified as exceptions were the same for each generation. It is important to note the difference in scale for number of exceptions for a), b), c) and d).
probabilities for occurrence in each. Figure 2.1. A completely regular hypothesis grammar. The left hand columns show a frequency ranking for Illustrated in Figure 2.1. Each word could occur in a number of distributional contexts, with different
probabilities for occurrence in each. Figure 2.1. A completely regular hypothesis grammar. The left hand columns show a frequency ranking for Illustrated in Figure 2.1. Each word could occur in a number of distributional contexts, with different
Figure 2.2. A hypothesis grammar containing exceptions. In this specification, a, can only appear in the first word position. A number of sentences are therefore specified as exceptions. This alters the number of possible second words following some first words. Acquisition and Evolution of Natural Language 2534
Figure 2.2. A hypothesis grammar containing exceptions. In this specification, a, can only appear in the first word position. A number of sentences are therefore specified as exceptions. This alters the number of possible second words following some first words. Acquisition and Evolution of Natural Language 2534
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