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‘Data before 1993 for the UK and before 1995 for the United States were not available; casualty data were unavailable for U.S. roadways with =40 mph for years 1995 and 1996. ‘Builtup roads in the UK have a speed limit =40 mph; non—built up roads have speed limits >40 mph. Includes unknown road user type. ‘Speed limit raised in United States in 32 states. sources: Department of Environment, Transport, and the Regions, available at www.detr.gov.uk, and U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administratio safety Facts, available at www.nhtsa.dot.gov/. Data were not available for UK roads before 1993 and for U.S. roads before 1995. OFR, case fatality rate; ND, no data. Table 4. United Kingdom and United States: road casualties and CFR* by road speed, 1990-1999

Table 4 ‘Data before 1993 for the UK and before 1995 for the United States were not available; casualty data were unavailable for U.S. roadways with =40 mph for years 1995 and 1996. ‘Builtup roads in the UK have a speed limit =40 mph; non—built up roads have speed limits >40 mph. Includes unknown road user type. ‘Speed limit raised in United States in 32 states. sources: Department of Environment, Transport, and the Regions, available at www.detr.gov.uk, and U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administratio safety Facts, available at www.nhtsa.dot.gov/. Data were not available for UK roads before 1993 and for U.S. roads before 1995. OFR, case fatality rate; ND, no data. Table 4. United Kingdom and United States: road casualties and CFR* by road speed, 1990-1999

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Figure 1. Case fatality rate in passenger car crashes in the United States and United Kingdom, 1990-1999.
Figure 1. Case fatality rate in passenger car crashes in the United States and United Kingdom, 1990-1999.
Table 1. VKM traveled, road deaths, and case fatality rate in United Kingdom and United States, 1990-1999 “Speed limits were raised in 52 U.S. states. Sources: Department of Environment, Transport, and the Regions, available at www.detr.gov.uk, and U.S. Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Traffic Safety Facts, available at www.nhtsa.dot.gov/. VEM, vehicle kilometers.
Table 1. VKM traveled, road deaths, and case fatality rate in United Kingdom and United States, 1990-1999 “Speed limits were raised in 52 U.S. states. Sources: Department of Environment, Transport, and the Regions, available at www.detr.gov.uk, and U.S. Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Traffic Safety Facts, available at www.nhtsa.dot.gov/. VEM, vehicle kilometers.
Table 2. United Kingdom: road fatalities and CFR* by road user type, 1990-1999 “Killed divided by all injury severities. Includes other motor or non-motor vehicle users, and unknown road user type and casualty age (UK numbers). Source: Department of Environment, Transport, and the Regions, available at www.detr.gov.uk. CFR, case fatality rate; LGV, light goods vehicle; HGV, heavy goods vehicle.
Table 2. United Kingdom: road fatalities and CFR* by road user type, 1990-1999 “Killed divided by all injury severities. Includes other motor or non-motor vehicle users, and unknown road user type and casualty age (UK numbers). Source: Department of Environment, Transport, and the Regions, available at www.detr.gov.uk. CFR, case fatality rate; LGV, light goods vehicle; HGV, heavy goods vehicle.
Table 3. United States: Road fatalities and CFR* by road user type,” 1990-1999 “Killed divided by all injury severities. ’Includes unknown road user type. “Speed limits raised in 32 states. Source: U.S. Department of Transportation. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Traffic Safety Facts, available at www.nhtsa.dot.gov, CFR, case fatality rate.
Table 3. United States: Road fatalities and CFR* by road user type,” 1990-1999 “Killed divided by all injury severities. ’Includes unknown road user type. “Speed limits raised in 32 states. Source: U.S. Department of Transportation. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Traffic Safety Facts, available at www.nhtsa.dot.gov, CFR, case fatality rate.
*“Fisher’s transformation to calculate correlation coefficient: r=—0.77; p<0.01, CI 95% =—0.557, —0.888, 1970-1998. In the United States f 1990-1999, r=—0.03; p>0.05. In the United Kingdom, the r=—0.76; p<0.01, 95% CI=—0.29-—0.93, 1989-1998. VKM data not available pri to 1989 for the United Kingdom. a ee ee) po See Att CIR WT So ere | tii it~ Ue Us pO SMa es YYIU SET Vea We Fg YODA IOs VEMIVE UAL LINDL AVALMAVIN Dg to 1989 for the United Kingdom. In the United States, 49 states currently have laws mandating seat belt use, and all 50 states had mandatory child restraint laws by 1985. Sources: Department of Environment, Transport, and the Regions, available at www.detr.gov.uk, and U.S. Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Traffic Safety Facts, available at www.nhtsa.dot.gov and www- fars.nhtsa.dot.gov. U.S. travel speec data from Parker’* and Farmer et al.'* Trauma care data from Lecky et al.!°, Nicholl and Turner”®, and Nathens et al.??. Kilometrage data (se¢ Table 1). Licensed drivers, U.S. from 167 million to 187.2 million; registered vehicles, UK from 24.7 million to 28.4 million, U.S. from 184.: million to 212.7 million; alcohol-related fatalities, UK from 760 to 540, U.S. from 22,084 to 15,786; arrests for drink driving, UK from 232,00( to 190,000. In 1998, 1.4 million Americans were arrested for driving under the influence (DUI) (representing one in every 132 licensed drivers) and in 1993, 1.6 million Americans (representing | in every 108 licensed drivers) (data were unavailable for 1990 and 1999) tested positive or breathalyzer, UK 16% of those tested to 12% of those tested; traffic offenses issued (not including parking), UK from 2,670,000 to 2,927,000 CI, confidence interval; DUI, driving under influence; VKM, vehicle kilometers.
*“Fisher’s transformation to calculate correlation coefficient: r=—0.77; p<0.01, CI 95% =—0.557, —0.888, 1970-1998. In the United States f 1990-1999, r=—0.03; p>0.05. In the United Kingdom, the r=—0.76; p<0.01, 95% CI=—0.29-—0.93, 1989-1998. VKM data not available pri to 1989 for the United Kingdom. a ee ee) po See Att CIR WT So ere | tii it~ Ue Us pO SMa es YYIU SET Vea We Fg YODA IOs VEMIVE UAL LINDL AVALMAVIN Dg to 1989 for the United Kingdom. In the United States, 49 states currently have laws mandating seat belt use, and all 50 states had mandatory child restraint laws by 1985. Sources: Department of Environment, Transport, and the Regions, available at www.detr.gov.uk, and U.S. Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Traffic Safety Facts, available at www.nhtsa.dot.gov and www- fars.nhtsa.dot.gov. U.S. travel speec data from Parker’* and Farmer et al.'* Trauma care data from Lecky et al.!°, Nicholl and Turner”®, and Nathens et al.??. Kilometrage data (se¢ Table 1). Licensed drivers, U.S. from 167 million to 187.2 million; registered vehicles, UK from 24.7 million to 28.4 million, U.S. from 184.: million to 212.7 million; alcohol-related fatalities, UK from 760 to 540, U.S. from 22,084 to 15,786; arrests for drink driving, UK from 232,00( to 190,000. In 1998, 1.4 million Americans were arrested for driving under the influence (DUI) (representing one in every 132 licensed drivers) and in 1993, 1.6 million Americans (representing | in every 108 licensed drivers) (data were unavailable for 1990 and 1999) tested positive or breathalyzer, UK 16% of those tested to 12% of those tested; traffic offenses issued (not including parking), UK from 2,670,000 to 2,927,000 CI, confidence interval; DUI, driving under influence; VKM, vehicle kilometers.
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EducationRisk AnalysisDriving Under the InfluenceWounds and InjuriesMotor vehicles actMedical and Health SciencesSport Utility VehicleAccidents Traffic
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