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magnets, and extended the theory to the law of attraction of opposite electricity. Coulomb used a torsion balance to verify that the electric-force law had an inverse-squared variation. He proposed a combined that of the German natura Aepinus (Figure 2), but w philosopher, Franz Ulr one. He also discovered that the electric force near was proportiona to its sur ponent of a two-fluid theory, advocated in 1759 based on the ideas of Cis less, the depend ence of t ernay du Fay (Figure 3 inverse-square law) had been previously proposed (Figure 4). How on this. The de ever, Cou omb did not generalize fluid/action-at-a-distance theory like ich Theodor ith two conducting fluids instead of a conductor face charge density. He was the pro- by Symmer, ). Neverthe- he electric force with distance (the by Priestley or elaborate pendence with both distance and charge had been discovered but not published by Cavendish (Figure 5), ten years prior to Coulomb’s works.

Figure 2 magnets, and extended the theory to the law of attraction of opposite electricity. Coulomb used a torsion balance to verify that the electric-force law had an inverse-squared variation. He proposed a combined that of the German natura Aepinus (Figure 2), but w philosopher, Franz Ulr one. He also discovered that the electric force near was proportiona to its sur ponent of a two-fluid theory, advocated in 1759 based on the ideas of Cis less, the depend ence of t ernay du Fay (Figure 3 inverse-square law) had been previously proposed (Figure 4). How on this. The de ever, Cou omb did not generalize fluid/action-at-a-distance theory like ich Theodor ith two conducting fluids instead of a conductor face charge density. He was the pro- by Symmer, ). Neverthe- he electric force with distance (the by Priestley or elaborate pendence with both distance and charge had been discovered but not published by Cavendish (Figure 5), ten years prior to Coulomb’s works.

Related Figures (97)

Figure 2. Franz Ulrich Theodor Aepinus (1724-1802) (http:// elektrika.cz/obr/08_osob_franz_aepinus_m.jpg). Figure 1. Charles Augustin Coulomb (1736-1806) (http:/ es. wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Augustin_de_Coulomb).
Figure 2. Franz Ulrich Theodor Aepinus (1724-1802) (http:// elektrika.cz/obr/08_osob_franz_aepinus_m.jpg). Figure 1. Charles Augustin Coulomb (1736-1806) (http:/ es. wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Augustin_de_Coulomb).
Figure 1. Charles Augustin Coulomb (1736-1806) (http:// es. wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Augustin_de_Coulomb). Figure 3. Charles Francois de Cisternay du Fay (1698- 1739) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ File:Charles_ Fran%C3%A7ois de Cisternay du Fay.ipg).
Figure 1. Charles Augustin Coulomb (1736-1806) (http:// es. wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Augustin_de_Coulomb). Figure 3. Charles Francois de Cisternay du Fay (1698- 1739) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ File:Charles_ Fran%C3%A7ois de Cisternay du Fay.ipg).
Figure 6. Count Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Count Volta (1745-1827) (http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ File: Volta_A.jpg) and a voltaic pile kept at Tempio Voltiano (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaic_pile). Spanish physician Francisco Salva i Campillo (Figure 7) suggested using electricity without wires for telegraphic pur- poses across the sea. This was the first suggestion of a wireless conduction telegraph.
Figure 6. Count Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Count Volta (1745-1827) (http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ File: Volta_A.jpg) and a voltaic pile kept at Tempio Voltiano (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaic_pile). Spanish physician Francisco Salva i Campillo (Figure 7) suggested using electricity without wires for telegraphic pur- poses across the sea. This was the first suggestion of a wireless conduction telegraph.
Figure 7. Francisco Salva i Campillo (1751-1828) (Exposi- cién Historica de las Telecomunicaciones, Catalogo editado con motivo del Forum Eurotelecom-90, Madrid, Ed. Min- isterio de Transporte, Turismo y Comunicaciones, 1990).
Figure 7. Francisco Salva i Campillo (1751-1828) (Exposi- cién Historica de las Telecomunicaciones, Catalogo editado con motivo del Forum Eurotelecom-90, Madrid, Ed. Min- isterio de Transporte, Turismo y Comunicaciones, 1990).
Figure 8. Baghdad Battery (http://www.skepticworld.com/ ancient-artifacts/baghdad-battery.asp). Davy discovered that an electrical arc passing between two poles produced light. In fact, he invented the bright arc light by sending a powerful current of electricity between two carbon terminals.
Figure 8. Baghdad Battery (http://www.skepticworld.com/ ancient-artifacts/baghdad-battery.asp). Davy discovered that an electrical arc passing between two poles produced light. In fact, he invented the bright arc light by sending a powerful current of electricity between two carbon terminals.
Figure 9. Sir Elmer Humphry Davy (1778-1829) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humphry_Davy).
Figure 9. Sir Elmer Humphry Davy (1778-1829) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humphry_Davy).
Figure 11. Michael Faraday (1791-1867) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faraday).
Figure 11. Michael Faraday (1791-1867) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faraday).
Figure 12. Siméon-Denis Poisson (1781-1840) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Simeon_Poisson.jpg).
Figure 12. Siméon-Denis Poisson (1781-1840) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Simeon_Poisson.jpg).
Figure 13. Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) (http:, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Carl_Friedrich_Gauss.jpg).
Figure 13. Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) (http:, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Carl_Friedrich_Gauss.jpg).
Ampére discovered electrodynamics and proposed an electromagnetic telegraph based on electrodynamics, which was never constructed.
Ampére discovered electrodynamics and proposed an electromagnetic telegraph based on electrodynamics, which was never constructed.
Figure 15. Francois Jean Dominique Arago (1786-1853) (http://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arago Francois _ portrait.jpg).
Figure 15. Francois Jean Dominique Arago (1786-1853) (http://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arago Francois _ portrait.jpg).
Figure 16. André-Marie Ampére (1775-1836) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Ampere_Andre_1825.jpg).
Figure 16. André-Marie Ampére (1775-1836) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Ampere_Andre_1825.jpg).
Figure 17. Jean-Baptiste Biot (1774-1862) (http:// en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jean_baptiste_biot.jpg).
Figure 17. Jean-Baptiste Biot (1774-1862) (http:// en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jean_baptiste_biot.jpg).
Figure 18. Félix Savart (1791-1841) (http://elektrika.cz/ obr/08_osob_felix_savart_m.jpg).
Figure 18. Félix Savart (1791-1841) (http://elektrika.cz/ obr/08_osob_felix_savart_m.jpg).
Figure 19. Thomas Johann Seebeck (1770-1831) (http:/, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ThomasSeebeck.jpg). where F is the electric vector potential; M is the magnetic cur- rent; r and r’ are the field and the source position vectors,
Figure 19. Thomas Johann Seebeck (1770-1831) (http:/, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ThomasSeebeck.jpg). where F is the electric vector potential; M is the magnetic cur- rent; r and r’ are the field and the source position vectors,
Figure 20 William Sturgeon (1783-1850) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: William_Sturgeon.jpg).
Figure 20 William Sturgeon (1783-1850) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: William_Sturgeon.jpg).
Figure 21. Joseph Henry (1797-1878) (http:// en.wikipedia. org/wiki/File:Jospeh_Henry_(1879).jpg).
Figure 21. Joseph Henry (1797-1878) (http:// en.wikipedia. org/wiki/File:Jospeh_Henry_(1879).jpg).
Figure 23. Johann Christian Poggendorf (1796-1877) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Johann_Christian_Poggendorff. jpg).
Figure 23. Johann Christian Poggendorf (1796-1877) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Johann_Christian_Poggendorff. jpg).
Figure 26. The title page of George Greens’ (1793-1841) essay (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GreenEssay.png). Figure 25. Leopoldo Nobili (1784-1835) (http:// en.wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Leopoldo_Nobili.jpg).
Figure 26. The title page of George Greens’ (1793-1841) essay (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GreenEssay.png). Figure 25. Leopoldo Nobili (1784-1835) (http:// en.wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Leopoldo_Nobili.jpg).
Figure 24. James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: James_Clerk_Maxwell.png).
Figure 24. James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: James_Clerk_Maxwell.png).
Figure 27. Leonhard Paul Euler (1707-1783) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Leonhard_Euler_2.jpg). Faraday showed that changing currents in one circuit induced currents in a neighboring circuit. He illustrated that they can all be explained by the idea of a changing magnetic flux, introduced earlier by Cabeo and the French mathemati- cian, Petrus Peregrinus Faraday thus produced e or Pierre de Maricourt) (Figure 28). ectricity from magnetism. He discov- ered electromagnetic induction. He predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves. He proved that vibrations of metal could be converted to e ectrical impulses. This was the tech- nological basis of the telephone, but no one had yet used such a system to transmit sound.
Figure 27. Leonhard Paul Euler (1707-1783) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Leonhard_Euler_2.jpg). Faraday showed that changing currents in one circuit induced currents in a neighboring circuit. He illustrated that they can all be explained by the idea of a changing magnetic flux, introduced earlier by Cabeo and the French mathemati- cian, Petrus Peregrinus Faraday thus produced e or Pierre de Maricourt) (Figure 28). ectricity from magnetism. He discov- ered electromagnetic induction. He predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves. He proved that vibrations of metal could be converted to e ectrical impulses. This was the tech- nological basis of the telephone, but no one had yet used such a system to transmit sound.
Figure 29. A simplified sketch of the electromagnetic tele- graph of Henry _ (http://siarchives.si.edu/history/jhp/ ar1857.gif).
Figure 29. A simplified sketch of the electromagnetic tele- graph of Henry _ (http://siarchives.si.edu/history/jhp/ ar1857.gif).
Figure 30. Mikhail Vassilievitch Ostrogradsky (1801-1861) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Ostrogradski.jpeg).
Figure 30. Mikhail Vassilievitch Ostrogradsky (1801-1861) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Ostrogradski.jpeg).
Figure 32. Jean Charles Athanase Peltier (1785-1845) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jean_Peltier_by_ Antoine_Maurin.jpg). Figure 31. Adc motor built by Antoine-Hippolyte Pixii (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Wechselstromerzeuger. jpg).
Figure 32. Jean Charles Athanase Peltier (1785-1845) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jean_Peltier_by_ Antoine_Maurin.jpg). Figure 31. Adc motor built by Antoine-Hippolyte Pixii (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Wechselstromerzeuger. jpg).
Figure 33. Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz (1804-1865) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emil_Lenz.jpg).
Figure 33. Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz (1804-1865) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emil_Lenz.jpg).
Figure 36. Sir Charles Wheatstone (1802-1875) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Wheatstone_Charles_ drawing _1868.jpg). Figure 35. James Prescott Joule (1818-1889) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Joule_James_sitting.jpg).
Figure 36. Sir Charles Wheatstone (1802-1875) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Wheatstone_Charles_ drawing _1868.jpg). Figure 35. James Prescott Joule (1818-1889) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Joule_James_sitting.jpg).
American artist and inventor Samuel Finley Breese Morse (Figure 38) (best known for his galvanic telegraph) made the first known experiments with a wireless conduction telegraph over water, which proved to be impractical.
American artist and inventor Samuel Finley Breese Morse (Figure 38) (best known for his galvanic telegraph) made the first known experiments with a wireless conduction telegraph over water, which proved to be impractical.
Figure 37. Alexander Bain (1811-1877) (http:// upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/ AlexanderBain001.jpg).
Figure 37. Alexander Bain (1811-1877) (http:// upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/ AlexanderBain001.jpg).
Figure 38. Samuel Finley Breese Morse (1791-1872) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Samuel_Morse_1840.jpg).
Figure 38. Samuel Finley Breese Morse (1791-1872) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Samuel_Morse_1840.jpg).
Figure 39. Franz Ernst Neumann (1798-1895) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Franz_Ernst_Neumann_by_ Carl_Steffeck_1886.jpg).
Figure 39. Franz Ernst Neumann (1798-1895) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Franz_Ernst_Neumann_by_ Carl_Steffeck_1886.jpg).
Figure 42. Ludvig Valentin Lorenz (1829-1891) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ludvig_Valentin_Lorenz.jpg). Figure 41. Gustav Theodor Fechner (1801-1887) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gustav_Fechner.jpg).
Figure 42. Ludvig Valentin Lorenz (1829-1891) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ludvig_Valentin_Lorenz.jpg). Figure 41. Gustav Theodor Fechner (1801-1887) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gustav_Fechner.jpg).
The first demonstration of the telephone was given by Antonio Santi Giuseppe Meucci (Figure 45) in Havana, Cuba. He also demonstrated that inductive loading of the circuit
The first demonstration of the telephone was given by Antonio Santi Giuseppe Meucci (Figure 45) in Havana, Cuba. He also demonstrated that inductive loading of the circuit
Figure 44. Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gustav_Robert_Kirchhoff.jpg).
Figure 44. Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gustav_Robert_Kirchhoff.jpg).
Figure 45. Antonio Santi Giuseppe Meucci (1808-1889) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Antonio _Meucci.jpg).
Figure 45. Antonio Santi Giuseppe Meucci (1808-1889) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Antonio _Meucci.jpg).
Figure 46. A Ruhmkorff coil (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki File:Ruhmkorff_coil.png). patent on wireless telegraphy. American dentist Dr. Mahlon Loomis (Figure 49) wrote the earliest description of a wireless-transmission system. He demonstrated and patented it in 1866. This was the world’s first
Figure 46. A Ruhmkorff coil (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki File:Ruhmkorff_coil.png). patent on wireless telegraphy. American dentist Dr. Mahlon Loomis (Figure 49) wrote the earliest description of a wireless-transmission system. He demonstrated and patented it in 1866. This was the world’s first
Figure 47. Charles Bourseul (1829-1912) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Charles-bourseul-l-enfant-de- douai-qui-1690515.jpg).
Figure 47. Charles Bourseul (1829-1912) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Charles-bourseul-l-enfant-de- douai-qui-1690515.jpg).
Figure 48. James Bowman Lindsay (1799-1862) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lindsay_James_Bowman. jpg).
Figure 48. James Bowman Lindsay (1799-1862) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lindsay_James_Bowman. jpg).
Figure 50. Amos Emerson Dolbear (1837-1910) (http:// omp. ohiolink.edu/Images/Bdg/Hist!1MDS/d294/1069655075- 11849-25591-46656-216-1983012051.0m2812 004.jpg). American physicist Elisha Gray (Figure 52) built the first steel-diaphragm/electromagnet receiver. Gray accidentally discovered that he could control sound from a self-vibrating electromagnetic circuit and, in doing so, invented a basic sin-
Figure 50. Amos Emerson Dolbear (1837-1910) (http:// omp. ohiolink.edu/Images/Bdg/Hist!1MDS/d294/1069655075- 11849-25591-46656-216-1983012051.0m2812 004.jpg). American physicist Elisha Gray (Figure 52) built the first steel-diaphragm/electromagnet receiver. Gray accidentally discovered that he could control sound from a self-vibrating electromagnetic circuit and, in doing so, invented a basic sin-
Figure 53. Karl Ferdinand Braun (1850-1918) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ferdinand_Braun.jpg). Figure 52. Elisha Gray (1835-1901) (http:// en.wikipedia. org/wiki/File:Portrait_elisha_gray.jpg).
Figure 53. Karl Ferdinand Braun (1850-1918) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ferdinand_Braun.jpg). Figure 52. Elisha Gray (1835-1901) (http:// en.wikipedia. org/wiki/File:Portrait_elisha_gray.jpg).
Figure 54. Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_Edison2.jpg). Dolbear patented a magneto-electric telephone. English-American electrical engineer, inventor, and entrepreneur Elihu Thomson (Figure 55), and the American electrical engineer, Edwin James Houston (1847-1914), proved that sparks were actually oscillatory high-frequency electric currents, which could not be detected by direct-current (dc) equipment. Edison, who used dc, then gave up in his idea of spark telegraphy.
Figure 54. Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_Edison2.jpg). Dolbear patented a magneto-electric telephone. English-American electrical engineer, inventor, and entrepreneur Elihu Thomson (Figure 55), and the American electrical engineer, Edwin James Houston (1847-1914), proved that sparks were actually oscillatory high-frequency electric currents, which could not be detected by direct-current (dc) equipment. Edison, who used dc, then gave up in his idea of spark telegraphy.
Figure 56. David Edward Hughes (1831-1900) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:David_Edward_Hughes.jpg).
Figure 56. David Edward Hughes (1831-1900) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:David_Edward_Hughes.jpg).
Figure 57. John Trowbridge (1843-1923)(http:// www. physics.harvard.edu/about/history.html).
Figure 57. John Trowbridge (1843-1923)(http:// www. physics.harvard.edu/about/history.html).
Figure 59. Paul Julius Gottlieb Nipkow (1860-1940) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Paul-nipkow. jpg).
Figure 59. Paul Julius Gottlieb Nipkow (1860-1940) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Paul-nipkow. jpg).
Figure 62. Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) (http:// en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Nikola_ Tesla). Figure 61. Galileo Ferraris (1847-1897) (http:// en.wikipedia. org/wiki/File:Galileo_Ferraris.jpg).
Figure 62. Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) (http:// en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Nikola_ Tesla). Figure 61. Galileo Ferraris (1847-1897) (http:// en.wikipedia. org/wiki/File:Galileo_Ferraris.jpg).
Figure 63. Oliver Heaviside (1850-1925) (http:// en.wikisource.org/wiki/File:Oliver_Heaviside2.jpg).
Figure 63. Oliver Heaviside (1850-1925) (http:// en.wikisource.org/wiki/File:Oliver_Heaviside2.jpg).
Figure 65. Sir John Ambrose Fleming (1849-1945) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Ambrose_Fleming_1890. png). equation with an electric source: this was the introduction of what we today call the Hertz vector. On being asked by Mr. H. Huber, a friend of Hertz, Hertz said there was no prospect of his discovery of electromagnetic waves being used for telephony, as the wavelength would be 300 km: “One has to construct a mirror as large as the continent to succeed with the experiment,” he said.
Figure 65. Sir John Ambrose Fleming (1849-1945) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Ambrose_Fleming_1890. png). equation with an electric source: this was the introduction of what we today call the Hertz vector. On being asked by Mr. H. Huber, a friend of Hertz, Hertz said there was no prospect of his discovery of electromagnetic waves being used for telephony, as the wavelength would be 300 km: “One has to construct a mirror as large as the continent to succeed with the experiment,” he said.
Figure 66. Sir Henry Bradwardine Jackson (1855-1929) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SirHenryJackson.JPG). Tesla developed a wireless system for transmitting intelli- vence. He gave a public demonstration of wireless communi- cations in Philadelphia. Tesla constructed an alternating curren (ac) power plant at the World’s Fair (Columbian Exposition). Chicago.
Figure 66. Sir Henry Bradwardine Jackson (1855-1929) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SirHenryJackson.JPG). Tesla developed a wireless system for transmitting intelli- vence. He gave a public demonstration of wireless communi- cations in Philadelphia. Tesla constructed an alternating curren (ac) power plant at the World’s Fair (Columbian Exposition). Chicago.
Figure 68. Sir Oliver Joseph Lodge (1851-1940) (http:/ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oliver_Joseph_Lodge2.jpg).
Figure 68. Sir Oliver Joseph Lodge (1851-1940) (http:/ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oliver_Joseph_Lodge2.jpg).
Figure 70. Alexander Stepanovich Popov (1859-1906) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Stepanovich_Popov).
Figure 70. Alexander Stepanovich Popov (1859-1906) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Stepanovich_Popov).
Figure 71. Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937) (http:/ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Guglielmo_Marconi.jpg).
Figure 71. Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937) (http:/ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Guglielmo_Marconi.jpg).
Figure 72. Sir Jagadis Chunder Bose (1858-1937) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose).
Figure 72. Sir Jagadis Chunder Bose (1858-1937) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose).
Figure 73. John Stone Stone (1869-1943) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stone_Stone).
Figure 73. John Stone Stone (1869-1943) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stone_Stone).
Figure 74. George Ashley Campbell (1870-1954) (http:// en. wikipedia.org/wiki/File:George_Ashley_Campbell.jpg).
Figure 74. George Ashley Campbell (1870-1954) (http:// en. wikipedia.org/wiki/File:George_Ashley_Campbell.jpg).
Figure 77. Father Roberto Landell de Moura (1861-1928) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Roberto_Landell_de_ Moura. jpg). American inventor Cornelius D. Ehret filed two patents covering the transmission and reception of coded signals or speech. So far as it is known, this was the first disclosure to
Figure 77. Father Roberto Landell de Moura (1861-1928) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Roberto_Landell_de_ Moura. jpg). American inventor Cornelius D. Ehret filed two patents covering the transmission and reception of coded signals or speech. So far as it is known, this was the first disclosure to
Figure 78. Julio Cervera Baviera (1854-1929) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_Cervera_Baviera).
Figure 78. Julio Cervera Baviera (1854-1929) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_Cervera_Baviera).
Figure 79. André-Eugéne Blondel (1863-1938) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Blondel). Fleming was the first to suggest the rectifying action of he vacuum-tube diode (electric valve) for detecting high-fre-
Figure 79. André-Eugéne Blondel (1863-1938) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Blondel). Fleming was the first to suggest the rectifying action of he vacuum-tube diode (electric valve) for detecting high-fre-
Figure 80. Leonardo Torres y Quevedo (1852-1936) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_Torres_y_Quevedo).
Figure 80. Leonardo Torres y Quevedo (1852-1936) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_Torres_y_Quevedo).
Figure 81. Christian Htilsmeyer (1881-1957) (www. deutschekriegsmarine.de).
Figure 81. Christian Htilsmeyer (1881-1957) (www. deutschekriegsmarine.de).
Figure 83. Father Jozef Murgas (1864-1929) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Murgas2. jpg). American physicist Lee de Forest (Figure 84) invented the vacuum-tube triode (audion valve) and used it as amplifier. This discovery was instrumental in the development of trans- continental telephony in 1913, and signaled the dawn of wire-
Figure 83. Father Jozef Murgas (1864-1929) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Murgas2. jpg). American physicist Lee de Forest (Figure 84) invented the vacuum-tube triode (audion valve) and used it as amplifier. This discovery was instrumental in the development of trans- continental telephony in 1913, and signaled the dawn of wire-
Figure 85. Robert von Lieben (1878-1913) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Robert_von_Lieben.gif).
Figure 85. Robert von Lieben (1878-1913) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Robert_von_Lieben.gif).
Figure 87. Charles David Herrold (1875-1948) (http:// www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi? f=/c/a/2009/04/05/ BAFE16RPCC.DTL). Figure 86. Valdemar Poulsen (1869-1942) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Valdemar-poulsen-c1898.jpg).
Figure 87. Charles David Herrold (1875-1948) (http:// www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi? f=/c/a/2009/04/05/ BAFE16RPCC.DTL). Figure 86. Valdemar Poulsen (1869-1942) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Valdemar-poulsen-c1898.jpg).
Figure 88. Quirino Majorana (1871-1957) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Quirino-Majorana-md. jpg).
Figure 88. Quirino Majorana (1871-1957) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Quirino-Majorana-md. jpg).
Figure 89. Edwin Howard Armstrong (1890-1954) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EdwinHowardArmstrong.jpg).
Figure 89. Edwin Howard Armstrong (1890-1954) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EdwinHowardArmstrong.jpg).
Figure 90. Walter Hermann Schottky (1886-1976) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Walter_Hermann_Schottky_ (1886-1976).jpg).
Figure 90. Walter Hermann Schottky (1886-1976) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Walter_Hermann_Schottky_ (1886-1976).jpg).
Figure 91. Ralph Vinton Lyon Hartley (1888-1970) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Vinton_Lyon_Hartley). Scottish engineer John Logie Baird (Figure 92) invented the world’s first practical, publicly demonstrated television system. This was also the world’s first fully electronic color- television tube.
Figure 91. Ralph Vinton Lyon Hartley (1888-1970) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Vinton_Lyon_Hartley). Scottish engineer John Logie Baird (Figure 92) invented the world’s first practical, publicly demonstrated television system. This was also the world’s first fully electronic color- television tube.
Figure 92. John Logie Baird (1888-1946) (http:// www. bairdtelevision.com/colour.html).
Figure 92. John Logie Baird (1888-1946) (http:// www. bairdtelevision.com/colour.html).
Figure 94. Philo Taylor Farnsworth (1906-1971) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philo_Taylor_Farnsworth).
Figure 94. Philo Taylor Farnsworth (1906-1971) (http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philo_Taylor_Farnsworth).
Magdalena Salazar-Palma was born in Granada, Spain. She received the MS and PhD degrees as Ingeniero de Tele- comunicacién (Electrical and Electronic Engineer) from Uni- versidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Spain. She has been Profesor Colaborador and Profesor Titular de Universidad in the Department of Signals, Systems, and Radiocommunica- tions, UPM. Since 2004, she has been with the Department of Signal Theory and Communications (TSC), College of Engi- neering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Spain, where she is a full Professor, co-Director of the Radiofre- quency Research Group, and has served for three years as Chair of the TSC Department. She has been a member of numerous university committees, both at UPM and at UC3M. Introducing the Feature Article Authors
Magdalena Salazar-Palma was born in Granada, Spain. She received the MS and PhD degrees as Ingeniero de Tele- comunicacién (Electrical and Electronic Engineer) from Uni- versidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Spain. She has been Profesor Colaborador and Profesor Titular de Universidad in the Department of Signals, Systems, and Radiocommunica- tions, UPM. Since 2004, she has been with the Department of Signal Theory and Communications (TSC), College of Engi- neering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Spain, where she is a full Professor, co-Director of the Radiofre- quency Research Group, and has served for three years as Chair of the TSC Department. She has been a member of numerous university committees, both at UPM and at UC3M. Introducing the Feature Article Authors
Alejandro Garcia-Lampérez received its MS and PhD in Telecommunication Engineering from the Polytechnic Uni- versity of Madrid, Spain, in 2000 and 2004, respectively. From 1999 to 2007, he was with the Microwaves and Radar Group of the Department of Signals, Systems, and Radiocommunications, ETSI Telecomunicacion, Polytechnic University of Madrid. In 2007, he joined the Radiofrequency Group of the Department of Signal Theory and Communications of the University Carlos III of Madrid, Spain, where he is presently an Assistant Professor. Among his interests are the application of numerical and algebraic methods to modeling and simulation problems at high frequencies, and the synthesis and design of microwave and millimeter-wave passive devices and active filters.
Alejandro Garcia-Lampérez received its MS and PhD in Telecommunication Engineering from the Polytechnic Uni- versity of Madrid, Spain, in 2000 and 2004, respectively. From 1999 to 2007, he was with the Microwaves and Radar Group of the Department of Signals, Systems, and Radiocommunications, ETSI Telecomunicacion, Polytechnic University of Madrid. In 2007, he joined the Radiofrequency Group of the Department of Signal Theory and Communications of the University Carlos III of Madrid, Spain, where he is presently an Assistant Professor. Among his interests are the application of numerical and algebraic methods to modeling and simulation problems at high frequencies, and the synthesis and design of microwave and millimeter-wave passive devices and active filters.
Tapan K. Sarkar received the BTech from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, in 1969; the MScE from the University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada, in 1971; and the MS and PhD from Syracuse University, Syra- cuse, NY, in 1975.
Tapan K. Sarkar received the BTech from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, in 1969; the MScE from the University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada, in 1971; and the MS and PhD from Syracuse University, Syra- cuse, NY, in 1975.
Dipak L. Sengupta received the BSc (Hons) in Physics and the MSc in Radiophysics from Calcutta University, Cal- cutta, India, in 1950 and 1952, respectively, and the PhD in Electrical Engineering from the University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in 1958. In 1959, he was a Research Fellow in electronics at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. During 1963-1964, he was an Assistant Professor in Electrical Engi- neering, University of Toronto. From 1964 to 1965, he was an Assistant Director for the Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, India. During 1959-1963 and 1965- He received the Docteur Honoris Causa both from Univer- site Blaise Pascal, Clermont Ferrand, France, in 1998, and from Politechnic University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain in 2004. He received the medal of the Friend of the City of Clermont Ferrand, France, in 2000.
Dipak L. Sengupta received the BSc (Hons) in Physics and the MSc in Radiophysics from Calcutta University, Cal- cutta, India, in 1950 and 1952, respectively, and the PhD in Electrical Engineering from the University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in 1958. In 1959, he was a Research Fellow in electronics at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. During 1963-1964, he was an Assistant Professor in Electrical Engi- neering, University of Toronto. From 1964 to 1965, he was an Assistant Director for the Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, India. During 1959-1963 and 1965- He received the Docteur Honoris Causa both from Univer- site Blaise Pascal, Clermont Ferrand, France, in 1998, and from Politechnic University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain in 2004. He received the medal of the Friend of the City of Clermont Ferrand, France, in 2000.
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EngineeringWireless SystemsElectrical and Electronic Engineering
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