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So now we have a way of maintaining a given temperature. The Digital Tem-

Figure 57 So now we have a way of maintaining a given temperature. The Digital Tem-

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ride and silver nitrate, darken when exposed to light. 1724. J.H. Schultz discovered that some silver salts, for example silver chlo-
ride and silver nitrate, darken when exposed to light. 1724. J.H. Schultz discovered that some silver salts, for example silver chlo-
the microscope and by Gabriel Lippmann’s method of color photography. Before he had entered university, he had already repeated many modern (at that time) experiments on wireless X-rays and radioactivity, with his brother
the microscope and by Gabriel Lippmann’s method of color photography. Before he had entered university, he had already repeated many modern (at that time) experiments on wireless X-rays and radioactivity, with his brother
he published his work in the Soviet Union, however it was largely ignored. An American professor, Emmett Leith, who happened to the same age as Yuri,
he published his work in the Soviet Union, however it was largely ignored. An American professor, Emmett Leith, who happened to the same age as Yuri,
But Leith’s original work was still restricted to using Mercury arc lamps, hold-
But Leith’s original work was still restricted to using Mercury arc lamps, hold-
Figure 3.1: Hologram printer with LCD display system by Ratcliffe et al. [47]. For full-page schematics, see also Figure C.2 on page 155 and Figure C.1 on page 154.
Figure 3.1: Hologram printer with LCD display system by Ratcliffe et al. [47]. For full-page schematics, see also Figure C.2 on page 155 and Figure C.1 on page 154.
translated by the pair of translation stages, to print each holopixel.
translated by the pair of translation stages, to print each holopixel.
Figure 3.3: Top-down orthographic projection of final hologram printer design with LCOS display system. For full-page labelled schematics see also Figure C.3 on page 156 and Figure C.4 on page 157.
Figure 3.3: Top-down orthographic projection of final hologram printer design with LCOS display system. For full-page labelled schematics see also Figure C.3 on page 156 and Figure C.4 on page 157.
Figure 3.4: Top-down orthographic projection of system to adjust optical-path distance of object beam. See also Figure C.5 on page 158 for a full-page schematic. object beam) to be easily adjusted, while keeping the correct beam alignment. tween the two sets of mirrors (and hence the overall optical path length of the
Figure 3.4: Top-down orthographic projection of system to adjust optical-path distance of object beam. See also Figure C.5 on page 158 for a full-page schematic. object beam) to be easily adjusted, while keeping the correct beam alignment. tween the two sets of mirrors (and hence the overall optical path length of the
Figure 3.6: Birds-eye-view photograph of LCOS being illuminated, with the beam path indicated.
Figure 3.6: Birds-eye-view photograph of LCOS being illuminated, with the beam path indicated.
Figure 3.7: Top-down orthographic projection of object lens system in hologram printer. See also Figure C.6 on page 159 for a full-page schematic.
Figure 3.7: Top-down orthographic projection of object lens system in hologram printer. See also Figure C.6 on page 159 for a full-page schematic.
Since the lenslets are rectangular with the same aspect ratio as the LCOS, then height of: final illumination on the LCOS will be defined by these two rays and thus has a the top-most and bottom-most ray for a given lenslet of height hiensiee. The size ¢
Since the lenslets are rectangular with the same aspect ratio as the LCOS, then height of: final illumination on the LCOS will be defined by these two rays and thus has a the top-most and bottom-most ray for a given lenslet of height hiensiee. The size ¢
Figure 3.14: The size and shape of the beam must be sufficiently close to the size and shape of the LCOS. Additionally the illumination intensity across the LCOS must be spatially smooth and even. These two factors were considered together, using the recorded data in Appendix I, and drawn here as the ‘Intensity & Shape’ curve. This is drawn with the Image Quality curve shown in Figure 3.13 for comparison. This graph is shown for the first microlens array. A suitable region for the distance between the microlens array and closest lens such that the image quality, beam intensity and beam shape are all at least acceptable is between approximately 4.0 cm to 6.0 cm.
Figure 3.14: The size and shape of the beam must be sufficiently close to the size and shape of the LCOS. Additionally the illumination intensity across the LCOS must be spatially smooth and even. These two factors were considered together, using the recorded data in Appendix I, and drawn here as the ‘Intensity & Shape’ curve. This is drawn with the Image Quality curve shown in Figure 3.13 for comparison. This graph is shown for the first microlens array. A suitable region for the distance between the microlens array and closest lens such that the image quality, beam intensity and beam shape are all at least acceptable is between approximately 4.0 cm to 6.0 cm.
Figure 3.15: This graph is similar to Figure 3.14 on the previous page and shown for the second microlens array. A suitable region for the distance between the microlens array and closest lens such that the image quality, beam intensity and beam shape are all at least acceptable is between approximately 5.5 cm to 7.5cm.
Figure 3.15: This graph is similar to Figure 3.14 on the previous page and shown for the second microlens array. A suitable region for the distance between the microlens array and closest lens such that the image quality, beam intensity and beam shape are all at least acceptable is between approximately 5.5 cm to 7.5cm.
Table 3.2: Size of repeating speckle structure. Total distance uncertainty is +0.5cm. All values given in cm. Dist. A is the distance between the microlens array array and the closest lens with an uncertainty of 0.1cm. ’No.’ is the number of repeating structures measured for the purpose of reducing uncertainty. the sample of repeating structures. that the uncertainty error was +0.5cm for the measurement of the total size of
Table 3.2: Size of repeating speckle structure. Total distance uncertainty is +0.5cm. All values given in cm. Dist. A is the distance between the microlens array array and the closest lens with an uncertainty of 0.1cm. ’No.’ is the number of repeating structures measured for the purpose of reducing uncertainty. the sample of repeating structures. that the uncertainty error was +0.5cm for the measurement of the total size of
Figure 3.17: Repeating speckle structure size plotting against position of mi- crolens array for each of the three different microlens arrays. Speckle pattern size against lens array position
Figure 3.17: Repeating speckle structure size plotting against position of mi- crolens array for each of the three different microlens arrays. Speckle pattern size against lens array position
Table 3.3: Distance measured between the imaged focal plane of the microlens ar- ray and the corresponding imaged plane of the aperture in telescopic lens system. All values given with uncertainty of +0.5 cm.
Table 3.3: Distance measured between the imaged focal plane of the microlens ar- ray and the corresponding imaged plane of the aperture in telescopic lens system. All values given with uncertainty of +0.5 cm.
(d) Rendered image #0000 taken with the virtual camera on the far-left hand side of the track
(d) Rendered image #0000 taken with the virtual camera on the far-left hand side of the track
(b) Rendered image #0663 taken with the virtual camera on the far-right hand side of the track
(b) Rendered image #0663 taken with the virtual camera on the far-right hand side of the track
Figure 4.3: A plot of the intensity of each pixel on the photograph of the White Logo hologram plotted against the corresponding pixel on the rendered image shown in Figure 4.2c on the previous page. The intensity scale is arbitrarily be- tween 0 and 1 where 1 is a brighter, and 0 is darker. The images were converted to greyscale and a Gaussian blur of 2 pixels in the horizontal direction applied first.
Figure 4.3: A plot of the intensity of each pixel on the photograph of the White Logo hologram plotted against the corresponding pixel on the rendered image shown in Figure 4.2c on the previous page. The intensity scale is arbitrarily be- tween 0 and 1 where 1 is a brighter, and 0 is darker. The images were converted to greyscale and a Gaussian blur of 2 pixels in the horizontal direction applied first.
Photograph minus center rendered image against total intensity comparision Figure 4.4: A plot of the intensity of each pixel on the photograph minus the intensity of the corresponding pixel on the center rendered image of the White Logo hologram, plotted against the corresponding total intensity of that pixel. The total intensity is a summation of the intensities of the given pixel for all of the rendered images. The intensity scale is arbitrarily between 0 and 1 where 1 is a brighter, and 0 is darker. The images were converted to greyscale and a Gaussian blur of 2 pixels in the horizontal direction applied first.
Photograph minus center rendered image against total intensity comparision Figure 4.4: A plot of the intensity of each pixel on the photograph minus the intensity of the corresponding pixel on the center rendered image of the White Logo hologram, plotted against the corresponding total intensity of that pixel. The total intensity is a summation of the intensities of the given pixel for all of the rendered images. The intensity scale is arbitrarily between 0 and 1 where 1 is a brighter, and 0 is darker. The images were converted to greyscale and a Gaussian blur of 2 pixels in the horizontal direction applied first.
Figure 4.6: The photograph shown in Figure 4.2a on page 74 with the correction applied to each pixel. Each color channel was corrected separately, in RGB color space. rection separately to each channel, Figure 4.6 is obtained. in between the letters. Further work would be required on this.
Figure 4.6: The photograph shown in Figure 4.2a on page 74 with the correction applied to each pixel. Each color channel was corrected separately, in RGB color space. rection separately to each channel, Figure 4.6 is obtained. in between the letters. Further work would be required on this.
light, mounted to the fine-control mount; and a Personal Computer (PC).
light, mounted to the fine-control mount; and a Personal Computer (PC).
reference beam angle, 37° to the normal of the hologram, as shown in Figure 4.9. halogen was set to the designed replay-angle for the holograms — equal to the
reference beam angle, 37° to the normal of the hologram, as shown in Figure 4.9. halogen was set to the designed replay-angle for the holograms — equal to the
Figure 4.10: Photograph of spectrometer in use use on a white-light reflection hologram.
Figure 4.10: Photograph of spectrometer in use use on a white-light reflection hologram.
shown in Table 4.2 were obtained. Using the spectrometer framework on the White Logo hologram, the results
shown in Table 4.2 were obtained. Using the spectrometer framework on the White Logo hologram, the results
Table 4.3: Photograph intensity for the same position and angle as used by Ta- ble 4.2. The values have the range 0 to 255, with 255 being the maximum inten- sity. each channel.
Table 4.3: Photograph intensity for the same position and angle as used by Ta- ble 4.2. The values have the range 0 to 255, with 255 being the maximum inten- sity. each channel.
Figure 4.12: Photograph of hologram with decreasing viewing window. The holopixels on left hand side of the photograph have the smallest viewing win- dow. Note that the label is indicating the laser energy was 100 pJ, as measured after the wave plates and polarisers. This was then decreased by a factor of eight through the use of Neutral Density Filters (NDF). The ‘1’ in the top right indicates that this was the first attempt, for the case that the hologram had to be reprinted. The pixels are square and 1.0mm wide with a 2.0mm separation between cen- ters. The photograph was taken with a f/5.0 aperture and 1/6 second exposure time. One complete row is approximately 7.5 cm across.
Figure 4.12: Photograph of hologram with decreasing viewing window. The holopixels on left hand side of the photograph have the smallest viewing win- dow. Note that the label is indicating the laser energy was 100 pJ, as measured after the wave plates and polarisers. This was then decreased by a factor of eight through the use of Neutral Density Filters (NDF). The ‘1’ in the top right indicates that this was the first attempt, for the case that the hologram had to be reprinted. The pixels are square and 1.0mm wide with a 2.0mm separation between cen- ters. The photograph was taken with a f/5.0 aperture and 1/6 second exposure time. One complete row is approximately 7.5 cm across.
Figure 4.13: Photograph of hologram with decreasing viewing window from left to right and decreasing reference beam energy top to bottom. The reference beam energy is decreased in steps, with 5 rows printed for each energy. The pixels are square and 1.0mm wide with a 2.0mm separation between centers. The photo- graph was taken with a f/5.0 aperture and 1/3 second exposure time.
Figure 4.13: Photograph of hologram with decreasing viewing window from left to right and decreasing reference beam energy top to bottom. The reference beam energy is decreased in steps, with 5 rows printed for each energy. The pixels are square and 1.0mm wide with a 2.0mm separation between centers. The photo- graph was taken with a f/5.0 aperture and 1/3 second exposure time.
Figure 5.2: The object (O) and reference (2) beam profiles, of radius r, at the plane of the hologram plate can become misaligned by a distance c. try about the chord that crosses through their intersection points. Thus we car find the area in one half of the intersection, and double that to obtain the total
Figure 5.2: The object (O) and reference (2) beam profiles, of radius r, at the plane of the hologram plate can become misaligned by a distance c. try about the chord that crosses through their intersection points. Thus we car find the area in one half of the intersection, and double that to obtain the total
Figure 5.3: Behavior of Microsoft Windows sleep () function handling interrupts etc, even a real time process cannot be scheduled. take an arbitrary amount of time in processing interrupts, I/O calls etc. Whil
Figure 5.3: Behavior of Microsoft Windows sleep () function handling interrupts etc, even a real time process cannot be scheduled. take an arbitrary amount of time in processing interrupts, I/O calls etc. Whil
of error. These are listed in Table 5.2. V = 0.5m, and angle @reference = 56° we can get an idea of the maximum angles two beams must be at a maximum of 1.0mm. Considering a plate of size, say,
of error. These are listed in Table 5.2. V = 0.5m, and angle @reference = 56° we can get an idea of the maximum angles two beams must be at a maximum of 1.0mm. Considering a plate of size, say,
Figure 5.6: High resolution (0.3mm in diameter pixels) hologram of futuristic tank. Some of the low contrast and low detail are due to the difficulty in capturing the image with the camera.
Figure 5.6: High resolution (0.3mm in diameter pixels) hologram of futuristic tank. Some of the low contrast and low detail are due to the difficulty in capturing the image with the camera.
one of the various 90° reflective mirrors used (Figure 6.2a). The mirrors, although coated, are not 100% perfect —- a small amount of the ere evaluated. The first approach tried was to measure the back leakage from
one of the various 90° reflective mirrors used (Figure 6.2a). The mirrors, although coated, are not 100% perfect —- a small amount of the ere evaluated. The first approach tried was to measure the back leakage from
Figure 6.3: Comparison of energy readings from the Ophir energy meter and the custom energy meter, obtained for mirror-leakage. Comparison of energy readings, using mirror leakage
Figure 6.3: Comparison of energy readings from the Ophir energy meter and the custom energy meter, obtained for mirror-leakage. Comparison of energy readings, using mirror leakage
Figure 6.4: Measured voltage across the energy meter’s capacitor against time, after a pulse (Arbitrary units) Measured voltage across capacitor against time
Figure 6.4: Measured voltage across the energy meter’s capacitor against time, after a pulse (Arbitrary units) Measured voltage across capacitor against time
Figure 6.5: Measured and theoretical voltage curve of capacitor for energy meter
Figure 6.5: Measured and theoretical voltage curve of capacitor for energy meter
RS485.
RS485.
rithm 2. the Digital Temperature Controller boards. The pseudo code is shown in Algo-
rithm 2. the Digital Temperature Controller boards. The pseudo code is shown in Algo-
Figure 6.9: Digital Temperature Controller PID response to noise in temperature readings Feedback reaction to noise in temperature readings
Figure 6.9: Digital Temperature Controller PID response to noise in temperature readings Feedback reaction to noise in temperature readings
Figure 6.8: Digital Temperature Controller PID response to target temperature changes Feedback reaction to extreme temperature changes
Figure 6.8: Digital Temperature Controller PID response to target temperature changes Feedback reaction to extreme temperature changes
Energy against time during temperature scan
Energy against time during temperature scan
Figure 6.12: Energy temperature feedback algorithm for change of energy AE and threshold 7.
Figure 6.12: Energy temperature feedback algorithm for change of energy AE and threshold 7.
Figure 6.14: Second harmonic (532 nm) pulse energy with active feedback show- ing standard deviation
Figure 6.14: Second harmonic (532 nm) pulse energy with active feedback show- ing standard deviation
Figure 6.13: Second harmonic (532 nm) pulse energy with active feedback
Figure 6.13: Second harmonic (532 nm) pulse energy with active feedback
beating, and note the higher resolution of the second hologram.
beating, and note the higher resolution of the second hologram.
Table B.1: Communication protocol for Digital Temperature Controller
Table B.1: Communication protocol for Digital Temperature Controller
Figure E.3: Compound Lens L3 -— Second component of telecentric lens system
Figure E.3: Compound Lens L3 -— Second component of telecentric lens system
Figure F.1: Side-on orthogonal view of mechanical mount for LCOS and split beam polariser
Figure F.1: Side-on orthogonal view of mechanical mount for LCOS and split beam polariser
Table G.1: Optical components in afocal reversing telescopic lens system used in LCOS based hologram printer, for green channel. All distances are given in millimeters. Total distance from LCOS to image plane I3 = 807.707 mm
Table G.1: Optical components in afocal reversing telescopic lens system used in LCOS based hologram printer, for green channel. All distances are given in millimeters. Total distance from LCOS to image plane I3 = 807.707 mm
Related topics:
Computer SciencePhysicsOpticsPhysical OpticsFeedback SystemPhysics OpticsMonochromatic Color
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