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Table 14. Mawo consonant clusters with glides /j w 11/

Table 14 Mawo consonant clusters with glides /j w 11/

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Table 13a. Yunlinsi initial consonant clusters without glides Table 13b. Mawo initial consonant clusters without glides
Table 13a. Yunlinsi initial consonant clusters without glides Table 13b. Mawo initial consonant clusters without glides
Table 1. Plain and uvularized vowels of Mawo and Yunlinsi Qiang. Northwestern Qiang lacks diphthongs in native monomorphemes.
Table 1. Plain and uvularized vowels of Mawo and Yunlinsi Qiang. Northwestern Qiang lacks diphthongs in native monomorphemes.
Figure 1a. First two formants of Yunlinsi (a) and Mawo (b) vowels, following coronal initial consonants.
Figure 1a. First two formants of Yunlinsi (a) and Mawo (b) vowels, following coronal initial consonants.
Figure 1b. First two formants of Yunlinsi (a) and Mawo (b) vowels, following coronal initial consonants.
Figure 1b. First two formants of Yunlinsi (a) and Mawo (b) vowels, following coronal initial consonants.
Figure 2b. F1 vs. F3-F2 for Yunlinsi (a) and Mawo (b) vowels, following coronal initial consonants.
Figure 2b. F1 vs. F3-F2 for Yunlinsi (a) and Mawo (b) vowels, following coronal initial consonants.
Figure 3. Ultrasound images grabbed at three different instances in the example of [li*]: the onset of the consonant (the leftmost), the onset of the vowel (the center), and the midpoint of the vowel (the rightmost). A green cursor line slanting upward toward the right identifies the direction of the uvular place of articulation. Tongue surface was automatically indicated by EdgeTrak (red curves). The tongue tip is on the left side of the image and the tongue root is on the right.
Figure 3. Ultrasound images grabbed at three different instances in the example of [li*]: the onset of the consonant (the leftmost), the onset of the vowel (the center), and the midpoint of the vowel (the rightmost). A green cursor line slanting upward toward the right identifies the direction of the uvular place of articulation. Tongue surface was automatically indicated by EdgeTrak (red curves). The tongue tip is on the left side of the image and the tongue root is on the right.
ridge, consequently the upper tongue surface appears flat.
ridge, consequently the upper tongue surface appears flat.
movement of the tongue when it is preceded by lateral consonant [I] (Figure 5c).
movement of the tongue when it is preceded by lateral consonant [I] (Figure 5c).
Table 2a. Summary formant values for Yunlinsi vowels (Hz). Table 2b. Summary formant values for Mawo vowels (Hz).
Table 2a. Summary formant values for Yunlinsi vowels (Hz). Table 2b. Summary formant values for Mawo vowels (Hz).
Figure 6a. The mean shifts in Hz of the Yunlinsi speaker for each formant and uvularized-plain vowel pairs.
Figure 6a. The mean shifts in Hz of the Yunlinsi speaker for each formant and uvularized-plain vowel pairs.
Figure 6b. The mean shifts in Hz of the Mawo speaker for each formant anc uvularized-plain vowel pairs.
Figure 6b. The mean shifts in Hz of the Mawo speaker for each formant anc uvularized-plain vowel pairs.
Figure 7a. First two formants during initial [1] (Yunlinsi)
Figure 7a. First two formants during initial [1] (Yunlinsi)
Table 4a. Summary formant values for Yunlinsi [1] preceding the given vowels (Hz).
Table 4a. Summary formant values for Yunlinsi [1] preceding the given vowels (Hz).
Figure 7b. First two formants during initial [1] (Mawo)
Figure 7b. First two formants during initial [1] (Mawo)
Table 4b. Yunlinsi formant value differences for [l] precedins uvularized-plain vowel pairs (Hz). For the Yunlinsi speaker, lowering of F2 and shrinking of the difference F2-F1
Table 4b. Yunlinsi formant value differences for [l] precedins uvularized-plain vowel pairs (Hz). For the Yunlinsi speaker, lowering of F2 and shrinking of the difference F2-F1
Table 5a. Summary formant values for Mawo /I/ preceding the given vowels (Hz).
Table 5a. Summary formant values for Mawo /I/ preceding the given vowels (Hz).
Table 5b. Mawo formant value differences for [1] preceding uvularized-plain vowel pairs (Hz). Comparing Table 5b with Table 4b, it may be noted that the shift in F2 is larger
Table 5b. Mawo formant value differences for [1] preceding uvularized-plain vowel pairs (Hz). Comparing Table 5b with Table 4b, it may be noted that the shift in F2 is larger
Table 6. Phonotactics of plain and uvularized vowels (Mawo). The observation holds for all velar/uvular simplex (not cluster) initials in Mawo. uvularized class does not occur with velar initials (Table 6). consonants are not phonemically distinct. However, velar and uvular initials do contrast in cluster onsets before plain vowels, although (near-)minimal pairs like the Mawo consonant-vowel phonotactics demonstrate the division of vowels into two
Table 6. Phonotactics of plain and uvularized vowels (Mawo). The observation holds for all velar/uvular simplex (not cluster) initials in Mawo. uvularized class does not occur with velar initials (Table 6). consonants are not phonemically distinct. However, velar and uvular initials do contrast in cluster onsets before plain vowels, although (near-)minimal pairs like the Mawo consonant-vowel phonotactics demonstrate the division of vowels into two
specialized (onomatopoeia or a grammatical morpheme). No one vowel occurs with all
specialized (onomatopoeia or a grammatical morpheme). No one vowel occurs with all
Table 10. Distribution of /yts- ytf- yp-/, versus simplex /ts- tf- p-/ vowels form two sets: one set (uvularized vowels) is more compatible with uvular
Table 10. Distribution of /yts- ytf- yp-/, versus simplex /ts- tf- p-/ vowels form two sets: one set (uvularized vowels) is more compatible with uvular
Table 11. Yunlinsi plain-uvularized vowel pairs in harmony. harmonizes leftward, as seen in Table 11. property. Two alternate proposals are that uvularization is a consonantal feature, like
Table 11. Yunlinsi plain-uvularized vowel pairs in harmony. harmonizes leftward, as seen in Table 11. property. Two alternate proposals are that uvularization is a consonantal feature, like
Notes: Table 12. Yunlinsi and Mawo consonant phonemes.
Notes: Table 12. Yunlinsi and Mawo consonant phonemes.
The following Yunlinsi forms, not listed above, were also used in the ultrasound imaging. Note that /be/ is not included in the analysis.
The following Yunlinsi forms, not listed above, were also used in the ultrasound imaging. Note that /be/ is not included in the analysis.
Related topics:
PhoneticsUltrasound ImagingAcoustic Phonetics
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