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Working of the system:

Figure 2 Working of the system:

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Fig. 2 Circuit diagram of the irrigation system Initially the set point value is applied at the non-inverting terminal of the operational amplifier configured as comparator. The output of moisture sensor is given to the inverting input of comparator. When the output of moisture sensor is below set point value then the output of comparator is high which turns ON the motor through microcontroller Atmega 328, where the microcontroller sends logic high signal to the driver input to turn ON the water pump. On the other hand when sensor output is high compared to set point value, the output of comparator is low which turns OFF the motor by sending logic 0 signal to the driver through microcontroller. The status of the water pump, soil moisture, temperature and humidity is displayed on the LCD, which is interfaced to the ATmega328 microcontroller. Thus, this automatic irrigation system depends on the output of the moisture sensor because when the moisture sensor senses the soil is dry then the microcontroller turn ON the motor pump and if moisture sensor senses the soil is not dry then microcontroller turns OFF the motor pump. The quantity, volumetric water contents Water irrigation system is designed to develop an automatic irrigation system which switches the motor pump ON/OFF on sensing the moisture content in the soil, then monitors the real time temperature and humidity inside the farm. In the field of agriculture, use of proper method of irrigation is important because agriculture is fully dependant on water. The advantage of using water irrigation system method is to reduce human intervention and still ensure proper irrigation. In this system the temperature sensor, moisture sensor, humidity sensor, LCD and motor pump were interfaced with Atmega328 microcontroller. Moisture sensor and temperature sensor provides analog signals to Arduino microcontroller. Microcontroller converts this analog signal into digital value and shows the real temperature and humidity on LCD. The Atmega328 microcontroller has an inbuilt 8 channel, 10 bit analog to digital converter. The sensed signal is converted to the equivalent digital output. The signal levers are OV to 5V maximum. The conversion is done by ADC. After each conversion, the analog to digital converter of ATmega328 will give a 10-bit value for each signal (SV and OV).These output of the analog to digital converter is displayed in a 16x3 LCD array. When a SV signal is converted, the output of analog to digital converter is Ox3FF (1023) and when OV signal is converted, the output is 0x00 (0). Fig. 2 shows the complete actual working system circuit diagram.
Fig. 2 Circuit diagram of the irrigation system Initially the set point value is applied at the non-inverting terminal of the operational amplifier configured as comparator. The output of moisture sensor is given to the inverting input of comparator. When the output of moisture sensor is below set point value then the output of comparator is high which turns ON the motor through microcontroller Atmega 328, where the microcontroller sends logic high signal to the driver input to turn ON the water pump. On the other hand when sensor output is high compared to set point value, the output of comparator is low which turns OFF the motor by sending logic 0 signal to the driver through microcontroller. The status of the water pump, soil moisture, temperature and humidity is displayed on the LCD, which is interfaced to the ATmega328 microcontroller. Thus, this automatic irrigation system depends on the output of the moisture sensor because when the moisture sensor senses the soil is dry then the microcontroller turn ON the motor pump and if moisture sensor senses the soil is not dry then microcontroller turns OFF the motor pump. The quantity, volumetric water contents Water irrigation system is designed to develop an automatic irrigation system which switches the motor pump ON/OFF on sensing the moisture content in the soil, then monitors the real time temperature and humidity inside the farm. In the field of agriculture, use of proper method of irrigation is important because agriculture is fully dependant on water. The advantage of using water irrigation system method is to reduce human intervention and still ensure proper irrigation. In this system the temperature sensor, moisture sensor, humidity sensor, LCD and motor pump were interfaced with Atmega328 microcontroller. Moisture sensor and temperature sensor provides analog signals to Arduino microcontroller. Microcontroller converts this analog signal into digital value and shows the real temperature and humidity on LCD. The Atmega328 microcontroller has an inbuilt 8 channel, 10 bit analog to digital converter. The sensed signal is converted to the equivalent digital output. The signal levers are OV to 5V maximum. The conversion is done by ADC. After each conversion, the analog to digital converter of ATmega328 will give a 10-bit value for each signal (SV and OV).These output of the analog to digital converter is displayed in a 16x3 LCD array. When a SV signal is converted, the output of analog to digital converter is Ox3FF (1023) and when OV signal is converted, the output is 0x00 (0). Fig. 2 shows the complete actual working system circuit diagram.
2.1. Microcontroller (ATMEGA328P) III. Flow chart of the system:
2.1. Microcontroller (ATMEGA328P) III. Flow chart of the system:
Fig. 3.Soil moisture sensor [Internet Source]
Fig. 3.Soil moisture sensor [Internet Source]
Fig.4.Temperature sensor [Internet Source] Temperature sensor is used in this system was DHT11; which provides most accurate output proportional to the temperature in degree Celsius. As the sensor circuitry is sealed, it avoids oxidation and other interferences and predicts correct temperature measurement. Temperature senor can be measured more accurately than with a thermistor. Due to low self heating it does not cause more than 0.1 °C temperature rises in still air. It operates in the range of -55°C to 150°C.Temperature sensor output voltage changes by 10mV for perC rise/fall in surrounding temperature.
Fig.4.Temperature sensor [Internet Source] Temperature sensor is used in this system was DHT11; which provides most accurate output proportional to the temperature in degree Celsius. As the sensor circuitry is sealed, it avoids oxidation and other interferences and predicts correct temperature measurement. Temperature senor can be measured more accurately than with a thermistor. Due to low self heating it does not cause more than 0.1 °C temperature rises in still air. It operates in the range of -55°C to 150°C.Temperature sensor output voltage changes by 10mV for perC rise/fall in surrounding temperature.
Fig. 5 Hardware set up of the system
Fig. 5 Hardware set up of the system
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