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Fig. 7 Category E of integration of IoT, IloT, and CPS concepts The first is to focus more on control in CPS. In systems known as IoT, CPS puts more emphasis on technology control. CPS features are a combination of this system’s computational and physical elements and their synchro- nization, as well as the convergence of computer and information-oriented physical and engineering systems.

Figure 7 Category E of integration of IoT, IloT, and CPS concepts The first is to focus more on control in CPS. In systems known as IoT, CPS puts more emphasis on technology control. CPS features are a combination of this system’s computational and physical elements and their synchro- nization, as well as the convergence of computer and information-oriented physical and engineering systems.

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This layer is critical for processing and compressing the data collected in the previous layer for further analysis to the optimum size. On top of that, changing the time and changing the structure is done at this stage. health care, and agriculture. IoT is also used in trade, logistics, catering, hotel business, banking, construction and armed forces, and other fields.
This layer is critical for processing and compressing the data collected in the previous layer for further analysis to the optimum size. On top of that, changing the time and changing the structure is done at this stage. health care, and agriculture. IoT is also used in trade, logistics, catering, hotel business, banking, construction and armed forces, and other fields.
Fig. 3 Category A of integration of IoT, oT, and CPS concepts
Fig. 3 Category A of integration of IoT, oT, and CPS concepts
Fig. 4 Category B of integration of IoT, IloT, and CPS concepts
Fig. 4 Category B of integration of IoT, IloT, and CPS concepts
Fig. 5 Category C of integration of IoT, IloT, and CPS concepts
Fig. 5 Category C of integration of IoT, IloT, and CPS concepts
Fig. 6 Category D of integration of IoT, IloT, and CPS concepts
Fig. 6 Category D of integration of IoT, IloT, and CPS concepts
Fig. 8 Category F of integration of IoT, IloT, and CPS concepts
Fig. 8 Category F of integration of IoT, IloT, and CPS concepts
distinguish the concepts of CPS and IoT allows us to con- clude that these concepts are very similar systems with small differences, and that this similarity is manifested as IIoT. 8 Control System of Integrated IoT, IloT, and CPS
distinguish the concepts of CPS and IoT allows us to con- clude that these concepts are very similar systems with small differences, and that this similarity is manifested as IIoT. 8 Control System of Integrated IoT, IloT, and CPS
centralized control structure is SCADA. Complete scientific- theoretical analysis of centralized control systems of IoT/IIloT/CPS can be obtained from (Xu et al. 2018; Hun- zinger 2017; Alhebshi et al. 2018; Shahzad et al. 2017). Table 3 provides comparative data on the properties of decentralized, centralized, and hierarchical control systems. In various industrial and manufacturing systems, differen control systems types serve different control requirements Integrating the various control systems can also be efficient ffective, and manageable to work in large-scale and com ex production systems. As an example of an electricity eneration system, electricity is generated from many type: f power plants, where distributed control systems cat control the operating facilities. SCADA can also be used t monitor different power plants and to provide a high degre of coordination and control (Lii et al. 2017). Through takin; advantage of both, the combination of distributed contro systems and SCADA will improve the efficiency of powe generation, distribution, and transmission. Full scientific anc theoretical analysis of the IoT/IloT/CPS hierarchical contro systems can be obtained from (Li et al. 2017; Selisteant et al. 2018). og UO oO In various industrial and manufacturing systems, different Figure 10 shows a block scheme of decentralized control system in IoT/IIloT/CPS, and the main difference from a centralized control system is that it has separate controllers for each subsystem. These controllers control the perfor- mance of each subsystem. One example of decentralized control systems is dis- tributed control systems (Xu et al. 2018). Distributed control systems are typically designed to control manufacturing processes. To do this, distributed control systems can control several subsystems at a high level and control processes within the system (Stouffer et al. 2015). Typically, con- trollers have been implemented in distributed control sys- tems to provide the control system with specific parts and manufacturing processes, and the controllers operate toge- ther to perform manufacturing processes. Complete scientific and theoretical analysis of decentralized control systems of loT/IloT/CPS can be obtained from (Stouffer et al. 2015; El-Shafei et al. 2017).
centralized control structure is SCADA. Complete scientific- theoretical analysis of centralized control systems of IoT/IIloT/CPS can be obtained from (Xu et al. 2018; Hun- zinger 2017; Alhebshi et al. 2018; Shahzad et al. 2017). Table 3 provides comparative data on the properties of decentralized, centralized, and hierarchical control systems. In various industrial and manufacturing systems, differen control systems types serve different control requirements Integrating the various control systems can also be efficient ffective, and manageable to work in large-scale and com ex production systems. As an example of an electricity eneration system, electricity is generated from many type: f power plants, where distributed control systems cat control the operating facilities. SCADA can also be used t monitor different power plants and to provide a high degre of coordination and control (Lii et al. 2017). Through takin; advantage of both, the combination of distributed contro systems and SCADA will improve the efficiency of powe generation, distribution, and transmission. Full scientific anc theoretical analysis of the IoT/IloT/CPS hierarchical contro systems can be obtained from (Li et al. 2017; Selisteant et al. 2018). og UO oO In various industrial and manufacturing systems, different Figure 10 shows a block scheme of decentralized control system in IoT/IIloT/CPS, and the main difference from a centralized control system is that it has separate controllers for each subsystem. These controllers control the perfor- mance of each subsystem. One example of decentralized control systems is dis- tributed control systems (Xu et al. 2018). Distributed control systems are typically designed to control manufacturing processes. To do this, distributed control systems can control several subsystems at a high level and control processes within the system (Stouffer et al. 2015). Typically, con- trollers have been implemented in distributed control sys- tems to provide the control system with specific parts and manufacturing processes, and the controllers operate toge- ther to perform manufacturing processes. Complete scientific and theoretical analysis of decentralized control systems of loT/IloT/CPS can be obtained from (Stouffer et al. 2015; El-Shafei et al. 2017).
time of data transmission, as well as the speed and efficiency of devices and applications. Here the data is stored, the key difference between edge computing and fog computing. Edge computing is usually performed on sensor modules or gateways which are close to the sensors.
time of data transmission, as well as the speed and efficiency of devices and applications. Here the data is stored, the key difference between edge computing and fog computing. Edge computing is usually performed on sensor modules or gateways which are close to the sensors.
consisting of a secure database which contains all the operations that the entities involved in the system have created.
consisting of a secure database which contains all the operations that the entities involved in the system have created.
Table 5 Comparison of cloud, fog, and edge computing
Table 5 Comparison of cloud, fog, and edge computing
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