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Tab. 2 - Grotta della Cala - Ungulates, carnivores and lagomorphs: skeletal elements from layer 7. / Elementi scheletrici di ungulati, carnivor e lagomorfi rinvenuti nello strato 7.

Table 2 Tab. 2 - Grotta della Cala - Ungulates, carnivores and lagomorphs: skeletal elements from layer 7. / Elementi scheletrici di ungulati, carnivor e lagomorfi rinvenuti nello strato 7.

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Fig. 1 - Grotta della Cala - Location of the cave east of the village of Marina di Camerota. / Localizzazione della grotta ad est dell’abitato di Marina di Camerota. Early investigations at Grotta della Cala were undertaken in 1966-71 by Arturo Palma di Cesnola of the University of Siena in the inner part of the cavity where a trench of around 12 square meters was dug reaching the bottom of the anthropic deposit (Palma di Ce- snola 1969, 1971). The excavations of the atrio series was initiated in 1974 by PR. Gambassini e A. Ronchitelli, of the same University, in collaboration with the Office for the Archaeological Heritage of Saler-
Fig. 1 - Grotta della Cala - Location of the cave east of the village of Marina di Camerota. / Localizzazione della grotta ad est dell’abitato di Marina di Camerota. Early investigations at Grotta della Cala were undertaken in 1966-71 by Arturo Palma di Cesnola of the University of Siena in the inner part of the cavity where a trench of around 12 square meters was dug reaching the bottom of the anthropic deposit (Palma di Ce- snola 1969, 1971). The excavations of the atrio series was initiated in 1974 by PR. Gambassini e A. Ronchitelli, of the same University, in collaboration with the Office for the Archaeological Heritage of Saler-
Fig. 2 - Grotta della Cala - Plan of the cave (drawing by Andrea Be- nini and Paolo Boscato). In grey the 1994-2004 excavation area. / Planimetria della grotta (disegno di Andrea Benini e Paolo Boscato). In grigio l’area di scavo 1994-2004.
Fig. 2 - Grotta della Cala - Plan of the cave (drawing by Andrea Be- nini and Paolo Boscato). In grey the 1994-2004 excavation area. / Planimetria della grotta (disegno di Andrea Benini e Paolo Boscato). In grigio l’area di scavo 1994-2004.
Fig. 3 - Grotta della Cala - Stratigraphic sequence of Palma di Cesnola’s trench (excavation fieldwork 1966-71) (on the left) and of the internal series (excavation fieldwork 1994-2004) (on the right) (drawing by Paolo Gambassini). / Sequenza stratigrafica della trincea Palma di Cesnola (scavi 1966-771) (a sinistra) e della serie interna (scavi 1994-2004) (a destra) (disegno di Paolo Gambassini). Production was based on two main operational sequences, which were performed independently from each other. The first one, whose cores are absent, produced blanks of larger dimensions (both lakes and blades) mostly devoted to the manufacturing of “common tools”. The second system starts from raw blocks of smaller dimen- sions and is addressed towards the accomplishment of micro and hyper-micro bladelets and micro and hyper-micro flakes. Cores be- longing to this second process are well documented. These are very small in size. Their maximum length rarely exceeds 30 mm. Striking platforms are mostly plain, obtained through the removal of a single thick cortical flake at one of the ends of the pebbles. Otherwise, when slabs or small blocks, stemming from the fracturing of larger blocks along cracks, are involved, they can be natural. The shaping out of the core is generally quite approximate. The opening of the napping surface was predominantly due to the use of natural edges or convexities. However this procedure was rarely carried out also pre-forming the core with a unilaterally prepared crest. Production was almost exclusively unidirectional. Attempts of core re-orientation with the opening of opposite or orthogonal striking platforms, can be sporadically observed only during the final exploitation phase, after which cores were abandoned. Discarding was generally con- nected to the occurrence of hinged removals. Most of the original raw material blocks consisted of sub-circular or elongated pebbles. From these, two different blank types could be obtained, by defi- nite choice. The first one, short and wide, was exploited to detach In layer 7 a few hundreds of pieces were collected including about eighty retouched artefacts, numerous cores and a wealthy set of “macro-artefacts”, namely the grindstone and the anvil described
Fig. 3 - Grotta della Cala - Stratigraphic sequence of Palma di Cesnola’s trench (excavation fieldwork 1966-71) (on the left) and of the internal series (excavation fieldwork 1994-2004) (on the right) (drawing by Paolo Gambassini). / Sequenza stratigrafica della trincea Palma di Cesnola (scavi 1966-771) (a sinistra) e della serie interna (scavi 1994-2004) (a destra) (disegno di Paolo Gambassini). Production was based on two main operational sequences, which were performed independently from each other. The first one, whose cores are absent, produced blanks of larger dimensions (both lakes and blades) mostly devoted to the manufacturing of “common tools”. The second system starts from raw blocks of smaller dimen- sions and is addressed towards the accomplishment of micro and hyper-micro bladelets and micro and hyper-micro flakes. Cores be- longing to this second process are well documented. These are very small in size. Their maximum length rarely exceeds 30 mm. Striking platforms are mostly plain, obtained through the removal of a single thick cortical flake at one of the ends of the pebbles. Otherwise, when slabs or small blocks, stemming from the fracturing of larger blocks along cracks, are involved, they can be natural. The shaping out of the core is generally quite approximate. The opening of the napping surface was predominantly due to the use of natural edges or convexities. However this procedure was rarely carried out also pre-forming the core with a unilaterally prepared crest. Production was almost exclusively unidirectional. Attempts of core re-orientation with the opening of opposite or orthogonal striking platforms, can be sporadically observed only during the final exploitation phase, after which cores were abandoned. Discarding was generally con- nected to the occurrence of hinged removals. Most of the original raw material blocks consisted of sub-circular or elongated pebbles. From these, two different blank types could be obtained, by defi- nite choice. The first one, short and wide, was exploited to detach In layer 7 a few hundreds of pieces were collected including about eighty retouched artefacts, numerous cores and a wealthy set of “macro-artefacts”, namely the grindstone and the anvil described
Fig. 4 - Grotta della Cala - Spatial distribution of structures and some objects of layer 7, squares D-E 16-18. / Distribuzione spa- Ziale delle strutture e di alcuni oggetti dello strato 7, quadrati D-E 16-78.
Fig. 4 - Grotta della Cala - Spatial distribution of structures and some objects of layer 7, squares D-E 16-18. / Distribuzione spa- Ziale delle strutture e di alcuni oggetti dello strato 7, quadrati D-E 16-78.
Fig. 6 - Grotta della Cala - Different views of the painted pebble found in layer 7 (photo by Stefano Ricci). / Differenti vedute del ciot- tolo dipinto trovato nello strato 7 (foto di Stefano Ricci). Fig. 5 - Grotta della Cala - n. 1 anvil/hammer; n. 2 knapped pebble (drawings by Adriana Moroni). /.1n.1 incudine/martello; n. 2 ciottolo scheggiato (disegni di Adriana Moroni).
Fig. 6 - Grotta della Cala - Different views of the painted pebble found in layer 7 (photo by Stefano Ricci). / Differenti vedute del ciot- tolo dipinto trovato nello strato 7 (foto di Stefano Ricci). Fig. 5 - Grotta della Cala - n. 1 anvil/hammer; n. 2 knapped pebble (drawings by Adriana Moroni). /.1n.1 incudine/martello; n. 2 ciottolo scheggiato (disegni di Adriana Moroni).
Fig. 7 - Grotta della Cala - ns. 1, 2, 4 cores; ns. 3, 6 end-scrapers; n. & Sauveterre point (drawings by Adriana Moroni)./ Nn. 1, 2, 4 nuclei; nn. 3, 6 grattatoi; n. 5 punta di Sauveterre (disegni di Adriana Moroni).
Fig. 7 - Grotta della Cala - ns. 1, 2, 4 cores; ns. 3, 6 end-scrapers; n. & Sauveterre point (drawings by Adriana Moroni)./ Nn. 1, 2, 4 nuclei; nn. 3, 6 grattatoi; n. 5 punta di Sauveterre (disegni di Adriana Moroni).
Tab. 1 - Grotta della Cala - Vertebrate remains from layer 7. / | rest di vertebrati dello strato 7.
Tab. 1 - Grotta della Cala - Vertebrate remains from layer 7. / | rest di vertebrati dello strato 7.
Marine (M) and brackish (B) bivalves
Marine (M) and brackish (B) bivalves
Fig. 8 - Grotta della Cala - Shells with piercings, incisions or residues of red pigment: shells of Columbella rustica, Cyclope neritea and Natica sp. (ns. 1-3); fragment of a left valve of Cerastoderma glaucum with residues of red pigment (n. 4); right valve of Acanthocardia tuberculata with piercing (n. 5) and right valve of Ostrea edulis with incisions (n. 6). / Conchiglie con fori, incisioni, o residui di pigmento rosso: conchiglie di Columbella rustica, Cyclope neritea e Natica sp. (nn. 1-3); frammento di valva sinistra di Cerastoderma glaucum con residui di pigmento rosso (n. 4); valva destra di Acanthocardia tuberculata con foro (n. 5) e valva destra di Ostrea edulis con incisioni (n. 6).
Fig. 8 - Grotta della Cala - Shells with piercings, incisions or residues of red pigment: shells of Columbella rustica, Cyclope neritea and Natica sp. (ns. 1-3); fragment of a left valve of Cerastoderma glaucum with residues of red pigment (n. 4); right valve of Acanthocardia tuberculata with piercing (n. 5) and right valve of Ostrea edulis with incisions (n. 6). / Conchiglie con fori, incisioni, o residui di pigmento rosso: conchiglie di Columbella rustica, Cyclope neritea e Natica sp. (nn. 1-3); frammento di valva sinistra di Cerastoderma glaucum con residui di pigmento rosso (n. 4); valva destra di Acanthocardia tuberculata con foro (n. 5) e valva destra di Ostrea edulis con incisioni (n. 6).
Fig. 9 - Grotta della Cala - Percentages of identified charcoal frag- ments in the layer 7. Percentages were calculated from a total of 200 analysed charcoals. / Percentuali dei carboni identificati nello strato 7, calcolati su un totale di 200 frammenti.
Fig. 9 - Grotta della Cala - Percentages of identified charcoal frag- ments in the layer 7. Percentages were calculated from a total of 200 analysed charcoals. / Percentuali dei carboni identificati nello strato 7, calcolati su un totale di 200 frammenti.
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