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Fig. 1. Correlations between mitotic index and sodium sulphate concentrations and time of treatments in Alium cepa

Figure 1 Correlations between mitotic index and sodium sulphate concentrations and time of treatments in Alium cepa

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Table 1. Experimental variants used in the treatment of onion roots tips with sodium sulphate solutions The ready coloured root ips, of 5 mm in length where squashed on slides and used for microscopy analysis under a Novex Holland B microscope with digital camera included. T he mitotic index was calculated based on each slide analysis and observations have been made for each mitosis stage regarding the number of ce chromosomes’ abnormalities. ls for each phase and
Table 1. Experimental variants used in the treatment of onion roots tips with sodium sulphate solutions The ready coloured root ips, of 5 mm in length where squashed on slides and used for microscopy analysis under a Novex Holland B microscope with digital camera included. T he mitotic index was calculated based on each slide analysis and observations have been made for each mitosis stage regarding the number of ce chromosomes’ abnormalities. ls for each phase and
Table 2. The effect of sodium sulphate on the mitotic index and cell division in Allium cepa
Table 2. The effect of sodium sulphate on the mitotic index and cell division in Allium cepa
Fig. 2. The phase ratio distribution in the root tips of Allium cepa after sodium sulphate treatment analysis it was also investigated the proportion or ra between cells undergoing different mitosis phases based on the results presented in table no 1. In this regard the base line in calculating phase ratio (P indicator is provided by cells number in anaphase which is constantly the lowest for all experimental variants. Based on this it can be observed that t control expresses a net proportion between all ce 10 R) he Is undergoing divisions such as 3:1:1:1:1 which is proportion of shorter time o control. Consid we underline t following: 5.5: 1): cytokinesis (1). T ips exposed to sod cells ering well as the cel where this is significantly changed: 14 ration of sodium prophase (3): metaphase (1): anaphase (1): telophase his can be considered as a control PR which is dramatically changed for the onion root ium sulphate even the largest are in the pro increased compared to the control in a for the lowest concen exposure the propor prophase is increasing with 1.16 times compared to he PR between investigated cells hat for the variant 1, .5:1:2:1.8. Based on this result the cells in prophase appear to dramatically increase as a ratio as s in telophase and cytokinesis. The PR trend is almost the same for 24 hours variant V2 which changed in V3 for 72 phase which is 1 variants. Even sulphate and the ion of cells in his changed as of treatment in hours of action .5: 2.5: 1: 4.7: 49 This the cells in nronhace annear to he hlocked in
Fig. 2. The phase ratio distribution in the root tips of Allium cepa after sodium sulphate treatment analysis it was also investigated the proportion or ra between cells undergoing different mitosis phases based on the results presented in table no 1. In this regard the base line in calculating phase ratio (P indicator is provided by cells number in anaphase which is constantly the lowest for all experimental variants. Based on this it can be observed that t control expresses a net proportion between all ce 10 R) he Is undergoing divisions such as 3:1:1:1:1 which is proportion of shorter time o control. Consid we underline t following: 5.5: 1): cytokinesis (1). T ips exposed to sod cells ering well as the cel where this is significantly changed: 14 ration of sodium prophase (3): metaphase (1): anaphase (1): telophase his can be considered as a control PR which is dramatically changed for the onion root ium sulphate even the largest are in the pro increased compared to the control in a for the lowest concen exposure the propor prophase is increasing with 1.16 times compared to he PR between investigated cells hat for the variant 1, .5:1:2:1.8. Based on this result the cells in prophase appear to dramatically increase as a ratio as s in telophase and cytokinesis. The PR trend is almost the same for 24 hours variant V2 which changed in V3 for 72 phase which is 1 variants. Even sulphate and the ion of cells in his changed as of treatment in hours of action .5: 2.5: 1: 4.7: 49 This the cells in nronhace annear to he hlocked in
ig. 5. Meristematic cells of Allium cepa treated with sodium 1 sulphate 1% for 6 hours. It is observed the dominance of prophases and normal and longitudinal cytokineses (400x) ig. 7. Meristematic cells of Allium cepa treated with sodium sulphate 0,1% for 24 hours. It is observed the dominance of prophase and normal cytokinese (400x)
ig. 5. Meristematic cells of Allium cepa treated with sodium 1 sulphate 1% for 6 hours. It is observed the dominance of prophases and normal and longitudinal cytokineses (400x) ig. 7. Meristematic cells of Allium cepa treated with sodium sulphate 0,1% for 24 hours. It is observed the dominance of prophase and normal cytokinese (400x)
Fig. 3. Meristematic cells in Allium cepa, the control. It can be observed numerous prophases, central is a late anaphase and a telophase (400x)
Fig. 3. Meristematic cells in Allium cepa, the control. It can be observed numerous prophases, central is a late anaphase and a telophase (400x)
a —— g. 8. Meristematic cells of Allium cepa treated with sodium sulphate 1%, 24 hours. It is observed the dominance of prophase and normal and longitudinal cytokinesis (400x) ig. 6. Meristematic cells of Allium cepa treated with sodium sulphate 5%, 6 h. It is observed the dominance of prophase, metaphase and anaphase with small chromosomes (400x)
a —— g. 8. Meristematic cells of Allium cepa treated with sodium sulphate 1%, 24 hours. It is observed the dominance of prophase and normal and longitudinal cytokinesis (400x) ig. 6. Meristematic cells of Allium cepa treated with sodium sulphate 5%, 6 h. It is observed the dominance of prophase, metaphase and anaphase with small chromosomes (400x)
At a concentration of de 5% of sodium sulphate for 24 or 72 hours the cytotoxic effects includes among others the appearance of star-like metaphases and anaphase’s bridges, the presence of laggards and cells with abnormal shape of nuclei associated with heterochromatin and also with the increase in vacuoles’ size. Fig. 4. Meristematic cells in Allium cepa, control. It can be observed numerous prophases, two metaphases, one anaphase, one telophase and one cytokinese (400x)
At a concentration of de 5% of sodium sulphate for 24 or 72 hours the cytotoxic effects includes among others the appearance of star-like metaphases and anaphase’s bridges, the presence of laggards and cells with abnormal shape of nuclei associated with heterochromatin and also with the increase in vacuoles’ size. Fig. 4. Meristematic cells in Allium cepa, control. It can be observed numerous prophases, two metaphases, one anaphase, one telophase and one cytokinese (400x)
ig. 9. Meristematic cells of Allium cepa treated with sodium sulphate 5%, 24 hours. It is observed the dominance of prophase, normal and longitudinal cytokinses (400x)
ig. 9. Meristematic cells of Allium cepa treated with sodium sulphate 5%, 24 hours. It is observed the dominance of prophase, normal and longitudinal cytokinses (400x)
x. 11. Meristematic cells of Allium cepa treated with sodium sulphate 1%, 72 hours. It is observed the dominance of prophase and normal cytokinese (400x)
x. 11. Meristematic cells of Allium cepa treated with sodium sulphate 1%, 72 hours. It is observed the dominance of prophase and normal cytokinese (400x)
Fig. 10. Meristematic cells of Allium cepa treated with sodium sulphate 0,1%, 72 hours. It is observed the dominance of prophase and normal cytokinese (400x)
Fig. 10. Meristematic cells of Allium cepa treated with sodium sulphate 0,1%, 72 hours. It is observed the dominance of prophase and normal cytokinese (400x)
ig. 12. Meristematic cells of Allium cepa treated with sodium sulphate 5%, 72 hours. It is observed the dominance of prophase, normal and longitudinal cytokineses (400x)
ig. 12. Meristematic cells of Allium cepa treated with sodium sulphate 5%, 72 hours. It is observed the dominance of prophase, normal and longitudinal cytokineses (400x)
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