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Fig. 9. Variation in first law recovery efficiencies of grate clinker cooler with varyin parameters.

Figure 9 Variation in first law recovery efficiencies of grate clinker cooler with varyin parameters.

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Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of grate clinker cooler [7]. Specific heat capacities, mass and temperature are the necessary input parameters to analyze the energy, exergy and recovery effi- ciencies of the grate clinker cooler. These are taken from studies performed by Rasul et al. [2], Kolip and Fevzi [3] and Mundhara and Sharma [20]. Table 1 shows the summary of the input and output To fill the identified gaps in the literature, this study investigated the effect of mass of the clinker, cooling air, grate speed and temperature of cooling air on energy and exergy efficiencies of a grate clinker cooling system. Study also investigated recovery efficiencies of the improved system using secondary and tertiary air as a heat recovery source.
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of grate clinker cooler [7]. Specific heat capacities, mass and temperature are the necessary input parameters to analyze the energy, exergy and recovery effi- ciencies of the grate clinker cooler. These are taken from studies performed by Rasul et al. [2], Kolip and Fevzi [3] and Mundhara and Sharma [20]. Table 1 shows the summary of the input and output To fill the identified gaps in the literature, this study investigated the effect of mass of the clinker, cooling air, grate speed and temperature of cooling air on energy and exergy efficiencies of a grate clinker cooling system. Study also investigated recovery efficiencies of the improved system using secondary and tertiary air as a heat recovery source.
Summary of input and output data of a grate clinker cooler [2,3,20]. Table 1 data used for this analysis as input parameters. The reference temperature and pressure of the system considered to be 25 °C and 101.03 kPa, respectively.
Summary of input and output data of a grate clinker cooler [2,3,20]. Table 1 data used for this analysis as input parameters. The reference temperature and pressure of the system considered to be 25 °C and 101.03 kPa, respectively.
Fig. 2. Flow schematic of the clinker cooler system. a a Oe For a general steady state and steady-flow process, the mass and energy must be balanced. The energy balance equation can be written as [18]:
Fig. 2. Flow schematic of the clinker cooler system. a a Oe For a general steady state and steady-flow process, the mass and energy must be balanced. The energy balance equation can be written as [18]:
The steady state exergy balance, using exergy destruction for the open system of clinker cooling (Fig. 4), is thus stated as [17,22]: Fig. 3. Energy balance schematic of a grate clinker cooler [2].
The steady state exergy balance, using exergy destruction for the open system of clinker cooling (Fig. 4), is thus stated as [17,22]: Fig. 3. Energy balance schematic of a grate clinker cooler [2].
Energy input and output of a clinker cooler [2]. Table 2 The exergy analysis for the base case grate clinker cooler is almost similar to its energy analysis counterpart. The irreversible 3.2. Exergy analysis of the base case clinker cooler
Energy input and output of a clinker cooler [2]. Table 2 The exergy analysis for the base case grate clinker cooler is almost similar to its energy analysis counterpart. The irreversible 3.2. Exergy analysis of the base case clinker cooler
Fig. 4. Exergy flow schematic of a grate clinker cooler [17] The change in cooler efficiency by optimizing its operational parameter, will result in potential energy saving. Energy savings through secondary air to the rotary kiln, tertiary air to the pre- calciner, and other channels (i.e. raw material and coal drier, 2.4.1. Potential energy and cost savings
Fig. 4. Exergy flow schematic of a grate clinker cooler [17] The change in cooler efficiency by optimizing its operational parameter, will result in potential energy saving. Energy savings through secondary air to the rotary kiln, tertiary air to the pre- calciner, and other channels (i.e. raw material and coal drier, 2.4.1. Potential energy and cost savings
Energy analysis summary of the base case clinker cooler [1,2,20,22]. Table 3 the rate of heat transfer between the two mediums. Theoretically, when the mass flow rate of cooling air is increased, it can recover more heat from the solid clinker. The increase in mass flow rate of cooling air will also cause a slight decrease in the outlet tempera- ture of air (i.e. the secondary and the tertiary air temperatures, and the exhaust air temperatures) as well [20]. Hence the efficiency is also increased. process of clinker cooling produces entropy, which consequently leads to exergy destruction. The following subsection presents the sample calculations for the exergy balance, as well as the exergy and exergy recovery efficiencies of the grate clinker cooling system.
Energy analysis summary of the base case clinker cooler [1,2,20,22]. Table 3 the rate of heat transfer between the two mediums. Theoretically, when the mass flow rate of cooling air is increased, it can recover more heat from the solid clinker. The increase in mass flow rate of cooling air will also cause a slight decrease in the outlet tempera- ture of air (i.e. the secondary and the tertiary air temperatures, and the exhaust air temperatures) as well [20]. Hence the efficiency is also increased. process of clinker cooling produces entropy, which consequently leads to exergy destruction. The following subsection presents the sample calculations for the exergy balance, as well as the exergy and exergy recovery efficiencies of the grate clinker cooling system.
Summary of the input and output results of exergy parameters. Table 4
Summary of the input and output results of exergy parameters. Table 4
Fig. 5. Variation in first and second law efficiencies of grate clinker cooler with increments in mass flow rate of cooling air.
Fig. 5. Variation in first and second law efficiencies of grate clinker cooler with increments in mass flow rate of cooling air.
The additional fan electrical energy requirements for every 5% increase in mass flow rate of the cooling air [18]. Table 5
The additional fan electrical energy requirements for every 5% increase in mass flow rate of the cooling air [18]. Table 5
Fig. 6. Variation in first and second law efficiencies of grate clinker cooler with change in temperature of cooling air.
Fig. 6. Variation in first and second law efficiencies of grate clinker cooler with change in temperature of cooling air.
Fig. 7. Variation in first law efficiencies of grate clinker cooler with decrement in mass flow rate of clinker. Fig. 7 shows that the energy and exergy efficiencies, as well as the recovery energy and exergy efficiencies of the grate clinker cooler increases with decreasing clinker flow rate. For decrease in mass flow rate of clinker, the clinker cooler ex every 5% periences approximately 3.0% increase in energy efficiency and a 2.9% increase in energy recovery efficiency. As the mass flow rate of clinker decreases, the clinker outlet temperature ex periences a decrement but the air outlet temperatures do not significantly experience any change. Also, as the mass flow rate of clinker is decreased, the heat input decreases but there is no decrement in heat transfer between solid and air. Therefore the air stil gets the
Fig. 7. Variation in first law efficiencies of grate clinker cooler with decrement in mass flow rate of clinker. Fig. 7 shows that the energy and exergy efficiencies, as well as the recovery energy and exergy efficiencies of the grate clinker cooler increases with decreasing clinker flow rate. For decrease in mass flow rate of clinker, the clinker cooler ex every 5% periences approximately 3.0% increase in energy efficiency and a 2.9% increase in energy recovery efficiency. As the mass flow rate of clinker decreases, the clinker outlet temperature ex periences a decrement but the air outlet temperatures do not significantly experience any change. Also, as the mass flow rate of clinker is decreased, the heat input decreases but there is no decrement in heat transfer between solid and air. Therefore the air stil gets the
Additional energy requirement for the grate clinker cooler for every 5% decrease in mass flow rate of clinker.
Additional energy requirement for the grate clinker cooler for every 5% decrease in mass flow rate of clinker.
Fig. 8. Variation in first and second law efficiencies of grate clinker cooler at different grate speeds.
Fig. 8. Variation in first and second law efficiencies of grate clinker cooler at different grate speeds.
Calculation of base cooler grate motor power. Table 7
Calculation of base cooler grate motor power. Table 7
Fig. 10. Variation in second law recovery efficiencies of grate clinker cooler with varying parameters.
Fig. 10. Variation in second law recovery efficiencies of grate clinker cooler with varying parameters.
3.7. Heat recovery of exhaust air Table 8
3.7. Heat recovery of exhaust air Table 8
Cost savings for different operating parameters. Table 9
Cost savings for different operating parameters. Table 9
Fig. 11. Energy diagram of the grinding mill for the process of raw material drying [27].
Fig. 11. Energy diagram of the grinding mill for the process of raw material drying [27].
Related topics:
Civil EngineeringEnvironmental ScienceCement IndustryEnergy and Exergy EfficiencyExergy EfficienciesCooling systemsCooling AirCooling TemperatureEnergy and ExergyEnergy Recovery Efficiency
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