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Figure 4. Survival (%) for (a) Faidherbia albida, (b) Melia azedarach (c) Moringa stenopetala and (d) Sesbania sesban under soil level bund(bund), half-moon (H/moon), trench and control (pit only) treatments through sequential periods from June 2014 to June 2017.

Figure 4 Survival (%) for (a) Faidherbia albida, (b) Melia azedarach (c) Moringa stenopetala and (d) Sesbania sesban under soil level bund(bund), half-moon (H/moon), trench and control (pit only) treatments through sequential periods from June 2014 to June 2017.

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Figure 2. Constructed moisture conservation structures in the selected site. Figure 1. Bare and compacted land that was selected for the study.
Figure 2. Constructed moisture conservation structures in the selected site. Figure 1. Bare and compacted land that was selected for the study.
Figure 3. Change made after the intervention. index (H’) which takes into account plant species abundance, evenness and richness. The similarity of woody species among different habitats/study area/plant communities was calculated by employing Sorensen’s similarity coefficient (Kent and Coker, 1992). The H’ is calculated using the Shannon-Weiner index (H’) (Shannon and Weaver, 1948) as: end of the main rainy seasons and, diameter at breast height (DBH) data collection was started after two years (after height growth of planted tree species exceed breast height). The survival percentage of each species was calculated as the number of trees survived dry seasons divided by the initial tree number multiplied 100. The height was measured using a measuring stick, and diameter was measured using a caliper. Trees root collar diameter was measured at the ankle (5 to 10 cm aboveground) and, DBH was measured at breast height (1.3 m above the ground)(Figure 3).
Figure 3. Change made after the intervention. index (H’) which takes into account plant species abundance, evenness and richness. The similarity of woody species among different habitats/study area/plant communities was calculated by employing Sorensen’s similarity coefficient (Kent and Coker, 1992). The H’ is calculated using the Shannon-Weiner index (H’) (Shannon and Weaver, 1948) as: end of the main rainy seasons and, diameter at breast height (DBH) data collection was started after two years (after height growth of planted tree species exceed breast height). The survival percentage of each species was calculated as the number of trees survived dry seasons divided by the initial tree number multiplied 100. The height was measured using a measuring stick, and diameter was measured using a caliper. Trees root collar diameter was measured at the ankle (5 to 10 cm aboveground) and, DBH was measured at breast height (1.3 m above the ground)(Figure 3).
Means with the same superscripts in the same columns are not significantly different Table 1. Mean (+ standard error) of % Survival of F. albida, M. azedarach, M. stenopetala and S.sesban under different moistur conservation structures at the age of four years.
Means with the same superscripts in the same columns are not significantly different Table 1. Mean (+ standard error) of % Survival of F. albida, M. azedarach, M. stenopetala and S.sesban under different moistur conservation structures at the age of four years.
Means with the same superscripts in the same columns are not significantly different (*Three years after panted for S. sesban) Table 2. Mean (+ standard error) of root color diameter (RCD), diameter at breast height (DBH) and height of F. albida, M. azedarach, M. stenopetala and S. sesban under different moisture conservation structures at the age of four years.
Means with the same superscripts in the same columns are not significantly different (*Three years after panted for S. sesban) Table 2. Mean (+ standard error) of root color diameter (RCD), diameter at breast height (DBH) and height of F. albida, M. azedarach, M. stenopetala and S. sesban under different moisture conservation structures at the age of four years.
SWC = soil and water conservation. Table 3. Means (+standard error) of species richness, Shannon index (H’) and evenness of SWC plots after the 5-year intervention, Contr plots protected for 5 years and the study site before intervention.
SWC = soil and water conservation. Table 3. Means (+standard error) of species richness, Shannon index (H’) and evenness of SWC plots after the 5-year intervention, Contr plots protected for 5 years and the study site before intervention.
Means with the same superscripts in the same columns are not significantly different Table 4. Mean value of species richness, diversity and evenness in four different SWC structures at Dugda Dawa site after rehabilitation.
Means with the same superscripts in the same columns are not significantly different Table 4. Mean value of species richness, diversity and evenness in four different SWC structures at Dugda Dawa site after rehabilitation.
Table 5. The ten most abundant species and their relative proportions before intervention. Table 6. The ten most proportions after abundant species and their relative density after intervention.
Table 5. The ten most abundant species and their relative proportions before intervention. Table 6. The ten most proportions after abundant species and their relative density after intervention.
Dessale et al. (2020) found that woody cover increased due to the implementation of integrated SWC practices after ten years intervention. Similarly other study indicated that vegetation cover and plant species diversity are higher in plot areas treated SWC measures comparted to non-treated plot areas after ten years intervention (Mengistu et al., 2021) the highest abundance (291 individuals) and accounted for 5.02% relative density of the total plant species recorded in the study area. Following the above two woody species, Ormocarpum trichocarpum was the third with high abundant plant species in the study sites. The least density was recorded for species like Capparis cartilaginea, Cordia africana, Crabbea velutina and many other plant species with one individual respectively (Table 6).
Dessale et al. (2020) found that woody cover increased due to the implementation of integrated SWC practices after ten years intervention. Similarly other study indicated that vegetation cover and plant species diversity are higher in plot areas treated SWC measures comparted to non-treated plot areas after ten years intervention (Mengistu et al., 2021) the highest abundance (291 individuals) and accounted for 5.02% relative density of the total plant species recorded in the study area. Following the above two woody species, Ormocarpum trichocarpum was the third with high abundant plant species in the study sites. The least density was recorded for species like Capparis cartilaginea, Cordia africana, Crabbea velutina and many other plant species with one individual respectively (Table 6).
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Environmental ScienceClimate ChangeAtmospheric PhysicsBiologyAtmospheric AerosolsImpacts Of Climatic Change On AgricultureTropical Climate VariabilityClimate Change and Food SecurityClimate Change and Resilient Dryland SystemsRenewable Energy and Climate Change
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