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Table 9. Rate of removal of heavy metals from effluent samples per day The rate of removal of selected heavy metals from soil and ef- Ihe rate of removal oI selected heavy metals Irom soil and e!- fluent samples are shown in Tables 8 and 9. Table 8 showed that for Treatment 1, Cr (0.00846 day") had the highest removal rate, followed by Ni (0.00840 day"), while Cd (0.00403 day") had the least removal rate. For Treatment 2, Pb (0.00619 day") had the highest removal rate, followed by Zn (0.00604 day") while Cd (0.00429 day') had the least removal rate. Similarly, Zn had the highest removal rate for Treatment 1 (0.01207 day- 1) and Treatment 2 (0.00775 day"), followed by Ni Treatment 1 (0.00877 day’) and Treatment 2 (0.00640 day) while Cd Treat- ment 1 (0.00391 day”) and Treatment 2 (0.00463 day”) had the least removal rate (Table 9). Generally, Treatment 1 had a high- er rate of removal for Pb, As, Cr, Zn, and Ni in contaminated soil and effluent samples than Treatment 2. This implies that proteobacteria has higher tendency to remediate most heavy metals in contaminated soil and effluent. The findings from this study on removal rate for heavy metals are similar to other studies on the bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated

Table 9 Rate of removal of heavy metals from effluent samples per day The rate of removal of selected heavy metals from soil and ef- Ihe rate of removal oI selected heavy metals Irom soil and e!- fluent samples are shown in Tables 8 and 9. Table 8 showed that for Treatment 1, Cr (0.00846 day") had the highest removal rate, followed by Ni (0.00840 day"), while Cd (0.00403 day") had the least removal rate. For Treatment 2, Pb (0.00619 day") had the highest removal rate, followed by Zn (0.00604 day") while Cd (0.00429 day') had the least removal rate. Similarly, Zn had the highest removal rate for Treatment 1 (0.01207 day- 1) and Treatment 2 (0.00775 day"), followed by Ni Treatment 1 (0.00877 day’) and Treatment 2 (0.00640 day) while Cd Treat- ment 1 (0.00391 day”) and Treatment 2 (0.00463 day”) had the least removal rate (Table 9). Generally, Treatment 1 had a high- er rate of removal for Pb, As, Cr, Zn, and Ni in contaminated soil and effluent samples than Treatment 2. This implies that proteobacteria has higher tendency to remediate most heavy metals in contaminated soil and effluent. The findings from this study on removal rate for heavy metals are similar to other studies on the bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated

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Table 1. Physicochemical parameters of contaminated soil sample Table 2. Physicochemical parameters of effluent samples
Table 1. Physicochemical parameters of contaminated soil sample Table 2. Physicochemical parameters of effluent samples
*p<0.05. PCU, platinum cobalt unit, NTU, nephelomentry turbidity unit; BOD, biochemical oxygen demand; COD, chemical oxygen demand.
*p<0.05. PCU, platinum cobalt unit, NTU, nephelomentry turbidity unit; BOD, biochemical oxygen demand; COD, chemical oxygen demand.
A, Acidic condition; B, Basic condition; +, positive; —, negative; VP, Vogas proskauer test; H2S, hydrogen sulfide; TSIA, triple sugar ion agar. Table 4. Biochemical identification of bacteria isolated from effluent samples
A, Acidic condition; B, Basic condition; +, positive; —, negative; VP, Vogas proskauer test; H2S, hydrogen sulfide; TSIA, triple sugar ion agar. Table 4. Biochemical identification of bacteria isolated from effluent samples
A, Acidic condition; B, Basic condition; +, positive; —, negative; VP, Vogas proskauer test; H2S, hydrogen sulfide; TSIA, triple sugar ion agar. Table 3. Biochemical identification of bacteria isolated from polluted soil samples
A, Acidic condition; B, Basic condition; +, positive; —, negative; VP, Vogas proskauer test; H2S, hydrogen sulfide; TSIA, triple sugar ion agar. Table 3. Biochemical identification of bacteria isolated from polluted soil samples
Table 5. Grouping of bacteria for bioremediation in soil
Table 5. Grouping of bacteria for bioremediation in soil
Table 6. Grouping of bacteria for bioremediation in effluent samples
Table 6. Grouping of bacteria for bioremediation in effluent samples
Table 7. Remediation of heavy metals in contaminated soil across time with different treatments
Table 7. Remediation of heavy metals in contaminated soil across time with different treatments
Figure 3. Concentration of arsenic (As) in effluent within the time duration with different treatment (n=3). “p<0.05
Figure 3. Concentration of arsenic (As) in effluent within the time duration with different treatment (n=3). “p<0.05
Figure 4. Concentration of iron (Fe) in effluent within the time duration with different treatment (n=3). *p<0.05.
Figure 4. Concentration of iron (Fe) in effluent within the time duration with different treatment (n=3). *p<0.05.
Figure 6. Concentration of zinc (Zn) in effluent within the time duration with different treatment (n=3). *p<0.05. Figure 5. Concentration of chromium (Cr) in effluent within the time dura- tion with different treatment. (n=3). *p<0.05.
Figure 6. Concentration of zinc (Zn) in effluent within the time duration with different treatment (n=3). *p<0.05. Figure 5. Concentration of chromium (Cr) in effluent within the time dura- tion with different treatment. (n=3). *p<0.05.
Figure 7. Concentration of nickel (Ni) in effluent within the time duration with different treatment (n=3). *p<0.05.
Figure 7. Concentration of nickel (Ni) in effluent within the time duration with different treatment (n=3). *p<0.05.
Figure 8. Concentration of copper (Cu) in effluent within the time duration with different treatment (n=3). *p<0.05.
Figure 8. Concentration of copper (Cu) in effluent within the time duration with different treatment (n=3). *p<0.05.
Table 8. Rate of removal of heavy metals from soil per day ed soil using potential microbe isolated from a closed dump
Table 8. Rate of removal of heavy metals from soil per day ed soil using potential microbe isolated from a closed dump
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Environmental EngineeringEnvironmental ScienceChemistryEnvironmental RemediationMedicine
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