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Figure 2. Relative abundance of anticancer agents from endophytic fungi.

Figure 2 Relative abundance of anticancer agents from endophytic fungi.

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Table 1. Different cell lines against which endophytic fungal derived metabolites showed cytotoxicity.
Table 1. Different cell lines against which endophytic fungal derived metabolites showed cytotoxicity.
Table 1. Cont. Table 2. Anticancer compounds from plant-derived endophytic fungi.
Table 1. Cont. Table 2. Anticancer compounds from plant-derived endophytic fungi.
Table 2. Cont.
Table 2. Cont.
* Compounds with IC50 values less than 10 uM are reported. Table 2. Cont.
* Compounds with IC50 values less than 10 uM are reported. Table 2. Cont.
Table 3. Recently (2018-2020) reported potential cytotoxic metabolites isolated from medicinal-plant- associated endophytic fungi.
Table 3. Recently (2018-2020) reported potential cytotoxic metabolites isolated from medicinal-plant- associated endophytic fungi.
Table 3. Cont.
Table 3. Cont.
Table 3. Cont.
Table 3. Cont.
Table 3. Cont.
Table 3. Cont.
Table 3. Cont.
Table 3. Cont.
Discovery of anticancer agents over years. Figure 1. Discovery of anticancer agents from endophytic fungi over time.
Discovery of anticancer agents over years. Figure 1. Discovery of anticancer agents from endophytic fungi over time.
* Compounds with IC50 values less than 10 uM are reported in bold. Table 3. Cont.
* Compounds with IC50 values less than 10 uM are reported in bold. Table 3. Cont.
Figure 3. Anticancer compounds of different chemical classes from endophytic fungi-alkaloidal compounds and their derivatives: (a) (1-8), benzo[j]fluoranthene (9), Chromone (10), coumarin (11),
Figure 3. Anticancer compounds of different chemical classes from endophytic fungi-alkaloidal compounds and their derivatives: (a) (1-8), benzo[j]fluoranthene (9), Chromone (10), coumarin (11),
Figure 4. Fusarubin (FUS) and FUS analogues with proposed mechanism of action. (A) Structures of FUS derivatives and (B) Proposed mechanism of action of FUS on OCI-AML3 cells. Fusarubin and anhydrofusarubin have been isolated from the endophytic fungi Cladosporium residing inside Rauwolfia leaves. These compounds inhibited the cell growth of different leukemia cell lines (OCI-AML3, HL-60, U937, and Jurkat) by arresting the cell cycle and augmenting apoptosis. Whereas fusarubin exerted an antiproliferative effect on OCI-AML3 cells by up-regulating p21 in a p53-dependent manner, apoptosis was induced only in a small sub-population of leukemic cells by inducing the production of the Fas ligand (Figure 4) [9]. 3. Conclusions
Figure 4. Fusarubin (FUS) and FUS analogues with proposed mechanism of action. (A) Structures of FUS derivatives and (B) Proposed mechanism of action of FUS on OCI-AML3 cells. Fusarubin and anhydrofusarubin have been isolated from the endophytic fungi Cladosporium residing inside Rauwolfia leaves. These compounds inhibited the cell growth of different leukemia cell lines (OCI-AML3, HL-60, U937, and Jurkat) by arresting the cell cycle and augmenting apoptosis. Whereas fusarubin exerted an antiproliferative effect on OCI-AML3 cells by up-regulating p21 in a p53-dependent manner, apoptosis was induced only in a small sub-population of leukemic cells by inducing the production of the Fas ligand (Figure 4) [9]. 3. Conclusions
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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