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Figure 15: Plot of the recovery coefficient versus sphere diameter for spheres of activity in a water filled 20 cm cylinder. For reference, two 2D data sets for the high resolution mode of the machine are included ( ‘2D cross plane HR’, ‘2D direct plane HR’). 3D data are shown with the spheres centered directly in a ring of detectors (direct plane), halfway between rings (cross plane) and a quarter of the distance between rings (mid plane). The data for the central region of the machine except for ’3D S32’ which is centered in plane 32, near the end of the axial FOV.

Figure 15 Plot of the recovery coefficient versus sphere diameter for spheres of activity in a water filled 20 cm cylinder. For reference, two 2D data sets for the high resolution mode of the machine are included ( ‘2D cross plane HR’, ‘2D direct plane HR’). 3D data are shown with the spheres centered directly in a ring of detectors (direct plane), halfway between rings (cross plane) and a quarter of the distance between rings (mid plane). The data for the central region of the machine except for ’3D S32’ which is centered in plane 32, near the end of the axial FOV.

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Table 1: A list of some of the basic specifications of the GE ADVANCE PET scanner. installed at the University of Washington
Table 1: A list of some of the basic specifications of the GE ADVANCE PET scanner. installed at the University of Washington
Figure 1: Transaxial resolution at a radius of 1 cm. The transaxial resolution data is summarized in Figures 1 to 4. The axial resolution data (Figure 5) were taken for only half of the axial FOV since the machine is symmetric about z = 0 (center of image plane 18).
Figure 1: Transaxial resolution at a radius of 1 cm. The transaxial resolution data is summarized in Figures 1 to 4. The axial resolution data (Figure 5) were taken for only half of the axial FOV since the machine is symmetric about z = 0 (center of image plane 18).
Figure 2 Transaxial resolution at a radius of 10 cm.
Figure 2 Transaxial resolution at a radius of 10 cm.
Figure 5: Axial resolution at radii of 0, 10 and 20 cm. Z = 0 is the center of the axial FOV (center of plane 18).
Figure 5: Axial resolution at radii of 0, 10 and 20 cm. Z = 0 is the center of the axial FOV (center of plane 18).
Figure 6: Slice sensitivity. The data were sorted in single slice rebinning mode instead of the normal 3D projection format. Figure 6 depicts the slice to slice sensitivity results using single slice rebinning to sort the data into planes (using all ring differences). The measured volume sensitivity using all lines of response was 1920 kcps/uCi/ce (trues + scatter) and 1248 kcps/uCi/ce (trues). The volume sensitivity using a ring difference of 11, the normal difference used in clinical imaging, was 1570 keps/uCi/ce (trues + scatter) and 1020 keps/uCi/ce (trues).
Figure 6: Slice sensitivity. The data were sorted in single slice rebinning mode instead of the normal 3D projection format. Figure 6 depicts the slice to slice sensitivity results using single slice rebinning to sort the data into planes (using all ring differences). The measured volume sensitivity using all lines of response was 1920 kcps/uCi/ce (trues + scatter) and 1248 kcps/uCi/ce (trues). The volume sensitivity using a ring difference of 11, the normal difference used in clinical imaging, was 1570 keps/uCi/ce (trues + scatter) and 1020 keps/uCi/ce (trues).
Figure 9: Plot of percent error in dead time correction for the 35 image planes. The % Dead Time is also plotted (solid line) for reference. Figure 8: Dead time versus activity concentration for a 20 cm cylinder of activity.
Figure 9: Plot of percent error in dead time correction for the 35 image planes. The % Dead Time is also plotted (solid line) for reference. Figure 8: Dead time versus activity concentration for a 20 cm cylinder of activity.
Figure 7: Plots of total prompts, trues, randoms and NECR for a 20 cm cylinder of activity. correction. The results for individual image planes are included to show the range of the values.
Figure 7: Plots of total prompts, trues, randoms and NECR for a 20 cm cylinder of activity. correction. The results for individual image planes are included to show the range of the values.
Table 2: ROI and sample results from the Utah phantom images of Figure 13. Data were acquired from a 2D high sensitivity scan as well as 3D scans. In each case, data were acquired with and without activity in the compartment of the phantom that was placed just outside the FOV of the scanner.
Table 2: ROI and sample results from the Utah phantom images of Figure 13. Data were acquired from a 2D high sensitivity scan as well as 3D scans. In each case, data were acquired with and without activity in the compartment of the phantom that was placed just outside the FOV of the scanner.
Figure 10: The range of percent nonuniformity values measured in 35 image planes. The results of the uniformity measurements are depicted in Figures 10 and 11. A total of 700 million events were collected. Figure 10 is a plot of the range of the nonuniformity values obtained from all 35 image planes. Figure 11 illustrates the variance measured in each of the 35 image planes.
Figure 10: The range of percent nonuniformity values measured in 35 image planes. The results of the uniformity measurements are depicted in Figures 10 and 11. A total of 700 million events were collected. Figure 10 is a plot of the range of the nonuniformity values obtained from all 35 image planes. Figure 11 illustrates the variance measured in each of the 35 image planes.
Figure 11: Variance in uniformity for each of the 35 image planes. A total of 700 million events were collected for the measurement.
Figure 11: Variance in uniformity for each of the 35 image planes. A total of 700 million events were collected for the measurement.
Figure 12: Plot of the error in the scatter correction as measured by the SNM/NEMA protocol.
Figure 12: Plot of the error in the scatter correction as measured by the SNM/NEMA protocol.
Figure 13: Emission images from a Utah phantom with the phantom sections filled with activity as indicated in Table 2. The images are: left - 2D high sensitivity; center - 3D with no scatter correction; right - 3D with scatter correction. Top to bottom, the images correspond to the upper and lower half of Table 2 respectively.
Figure 13: Emission images from a Utah phantom with the phantom sections filled with activity as indicated in Table 2. The images are: left - 2D high sensitivity; center - 3D with no scatter correction; right - 3D with scatter correction. Top to bottom, the images correspond to the upper and lower half of Table 2 respectively.
Figure 14: Plot of the percent error in attenuation correction as determined by the SNM protocol. Data for cylindrical inserts of air, water, and teflon inside a 20 water phantom are shown. Figure 14 plots the attenuation correction results for inserts of air, water, and Teflon.
Figure 14: Plot of the percent error in attenuation correction as determined by the SNM protocol. Data for cylindrical inserts of air, water, and teflon inside a 20 water phantom are shown. Figure 14 plots the attenuation correction results for inserts of air, water, and Teflon.
Figure 17: Images of a Data Spectrum torso phantom. A) 2D high sensitivity mode with 49 million events in the entire volume data set; B) a 5 minute 3D (57 million events in the entire data set) with attenuation correction but without scatter correction; C) 5 minute 3D with scatter correction; and D) a 15 minute 3D scan (171 million events) from the same data set.
Figure 17: Images of a Data Spectrum torso phantom. A) 2D high sensitivity mode with 49 million events in the entire volume data set; B) a 5 minute 3D (57 million events in the entire data set) with attenuation correction but without scatter correction; C) 5 minute 3D with scatter correction; and D) a 15 minute 3D scan (171 million events) from the same data set.
Figure 18: Vertical profiles from Figure 17, positioned over the center of the Teflon spine insert. The solid line is from the Figure 17A, the dashed line from Figure 17C.
Figure 18: Vertical profiles from Figure 17, positioned over the center of the Teflon spine insert. The solid line is from the Figure 17A, the dashed line from Figure 17C.
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PhysicsBiomedical EngineeringImage ProcessingComputed TomographyScatter correction
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