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Mineralogy (in wt%) of Knelson gravity concentrate oversize by size fraction as determined by QEMSCAN. Table 4 was initially fed to the low intensity separator to remove strongly ferromagnetic iron oxide minerals followed by a medium intensity magnetic separation stage to target any remaining iron oxide min- erals as well as strongly paramagnetic REM. Solid flow rates to the wet drum magnetic separator varied from 100 to 300 g/min with slurrying water added at a rate of 1.2-2.2 L/min. Wash water was applied to the drum at a rate of 0.4-0.8 L/min to minimize entrain- ment of non-magnetic material. reprocessed through the low intensity wet drum magnetic separa- tor prior to medium intensity magnetic separation. A flowsheet of all process steps investigated is illustrated in Fig. 1, along with the primary potential products to be fed to a future downstream flotation process.

Table 4 Mineralogy (in wt%) of Knelson gravity concentrate oversize by size fraction as determined by QEMSCAN. Table 4 was initially fed to the low intensity separator to remove strongly ferromagnetic iron oxide minerals followed by a medium intensity magnetic separation stage to target any remaining iron oxide min- erals as well as strongly paramagnetic REM. Solid flow rates to the wet drum magnetic separator varied from 100 to 300 g/min with slurrying water added at a rate of 1.2-2.2 L/min. Wash water was applied to the drum at a rate of 0.4-0.8 L/min to minimize entrain- ment of non-magnetic material. reprocessed through the low intensity wet drum magnetic separa- tor prior to medium intensity magnetic separation. A flowsheet of all process steps investigated is illustrated in Fig. 1, along with the primary potential products to be fed to a future downstream flotation process.

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Fig. 1. Flowsheet of main gravity and magnetic separation steps applied to the Nechalacho ore. Stream labels include grade information from ICP (TREO) and QEMSCAN (Fe- oxides and Silicates). Silicates represents the combined grade of quartz, K-feldspar and plagioclase.
Fig. 1. Flowsheet of main gravity and magnetic separation steps applied to the Nechalacho ore. Stream labels include grade information from ICP (TREO) and QEMSCAN (Fe- oxides and Silicates). Silicates represents the combined grade of quartz, K-feldspar and plagioclase.
Fig. 2. Flowsheet of dry variable intensity magnetic separation of the oversize fraction of the Knelson gravity concentrate.
Fig. 2. Flowsheet of dry variable intensity magnetic separation of the oversize fraction of the Knelson gravity concentrate.
Nechalacho deposit mineralogy (in wt%) as determined by QEMSCAN. Table 1
Nechalacho deposit mineralogy (in wt%) as determined by QEMSCAN. Table 1
Fig. 3. Flowsheet of wet variable intensity magnetic separation of the non-magnetic products of the RE wet drum magnetic separator.
Fig. 3. Flowsheet of wet variable intensity magnetic separation of the non-magnetic products of the RE wet drum magnetic separator.
Mass pull and TREO content of the different streams from centrifugal gravity concentration and drum magnetic separation.
Mass pull and TREO content of the different streams from centrifugal gravity concentration and drum magnetic separation.
Solid flow rates and percent solids for tailings streams from Knelson and Falcon. Table 3
Solid flow rates and percent solids for tailings streams from Knelson and Falcon. Table 3
A. Jordens et al./ Minerals Engineering xxx (2016) xxx-xxx Fig. 4. Elemental content of different size fractions of the ground ore for all REE, Y, LREE (La-Sm), HREE (Eu-Lu + Y), TREE (REE + Y) and Value (Pr, Nd, Eu-Dy, Er + Y) as measured by ICP.
A. Jordens et al./ Minerals Engineering xxx (2016) xxx-xxx Fig. 4. Elemental content of different size fractions of the ground ore for all REE, Y, LREE (La-Sm), HREE (Eu-Lu + Y), TREE (REE + Y) and Value (Pr, Nd, Eu-Dy, Er + Y) as measured by ICP.
Fig. 5. Grade and recovery of: (a) zircon, (b) iron oxides, (c) quartz and (d) K-feldspar as calculated from QEMSCAN measurement. Dashed lines in all figures represent feec grade. A. Jordens et al./ Minerals Engineering xxx (2016) xxx-xxx
Fig. 5. Grade and recovery of: (a) zircon, (b) iron oxides, (c) quartz and (d) K-feldspar as calculated from QEMSCAN measurement. Dashed lines in all figures represent feec grade. A. Jordens et al./ Minerals Engineering xxx (2016) xxx-xxx
Fig. 6. Grade and recovery of: (a) total REO, (b) light REO, (c) heavy REO and (d) most valuable REO as determined by ICP-MS. Dashed lines in all figures represent feed grade A. Jordens et al./ Minerals Engineering xxx (2016) xxx-xxx
Fig. 6. Grade and recovery of: (a) total REO, (b) light REO, (c) heavy REO and (d) most valuable REO as determined by ICP-MS. Dashed lines in all figures represent feed grade A. Jordens et al./ Minerals Engineering xxx (2016) xxx-xxx
Mineralogy (in wt%) of the non-magnetic products of medium intensity wet drum magnetic separation as determined by QEMSCAN. Table 5
Mineralogy (in wt%) of the non-magnetic products of medium intensity wet drum magnetic separation as determined by QEMSCAN. Table 5
Fig. 7. Mineral liberation characteristics of iron oxide minerals, zircon and LREM in the Knelson gravity concentrate oversize fraction calculated from QEMSCAN results. LREM = bastnasite, synchysite, allanite and monazite.
Fig. 7. Mineral liberation characteristics of iron oxide minerals, zircon and LREM in the Knelson gravity concentrate oversize fraction calculated from QEMSCAN results. LREM = bastnasite, synchysite, allanite and monazite.
Fig. 8. Mass pull to the magnetic fraction of the dry variable magnetic separation process as a function of applied magnetic field strength for four different size fractions from the Knelson gravity concentrate oversize material. Wet high intensity magnetic separation (WHIMS) was con- ducted using a laboratory scale wet variable intensity magnetic separator (BoxMag Rapid, UK). The feed to the wet high intensity magnetic separation stage consisted of the non-magnetic product from medium intensity wet drum magnetic separation of both the Knelson and Falcon gravity concentrates respectively. The wet high intensity magnetic separation was conducted by slurry- ing a 50g representative sample with 250 mL of water and then Samples used in this study were prepared as polished sections and analysed by QEMSCAN at the Advanced Mineralogy Facility at SGS Canada (Lakefield, Canada). Further details regarding the QEMSCAN analysis may be seen in Jordens et al. (submitted for publication).
Fig. 8. Mass pull to the magnetic fraction of the dry variable magnetic separation process as a function of applied magnetic field strength for four different size fractions from the Knelson gravity concentrate oversize material. Wet high intensity magnetic separation (WHIMS) was con- ducted using a laboratory scale wet variable intensity magnetic separator (BoxMag Rapid, UK). The feed to the wet high intensity magnetic separation stage consisted of the non-magnetic product from medium intensity wet drum magnetic separation of both the Knelson and Falcon gravity concentrates respectively. The wet high intensity magnetic separation was conducted by slurry- ing a 50g representative sample with 250 mL of water and then Samples used in this study were prepared as polished sections and analysed by QEMSCAN at the Advanced Mineralogy Facility at SGS Canada (Lakefield, Canada). Further details regarding the QEMSCAN analysis may be seen in Jordens et al. (submitted for publication).
Fig. 9. Mean grain size of zircon, iron oxide minerals, quartz and K-feldspar as measured by QEMSCAN for five different size fractions of the Knelson gravity concentrate oversize material. A. Jordens et al./ Minerals Engineering xxx (2016) xxx-xxx
Fig. 9. Mean grain size of zircon, iron oxide minerals, quartz and K-feldspar as measured by QEMSCAN for five different size fractions of the Knelson gravity concentrate oversize material. A. Jordens et al./ Minerals Engineering xxx (2016) xxx-xxx
Fig. 10. Mass pull as a function of applied magnetic field strength for the wet high intensity magnetic separation of the non-magnetic product of medium intensity wet drum magnetic separation from the Knelson and Falcon gravity concentrates. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.
Fig. 10. Mass pull as a function of applied magnetic field strength for the wet high intensity magnetic separation of the non-magnetic product of medium intensity wet drum magnetic separation from the Knelson and Falcon gravity concentrates. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.
Fig. 11. X-ray diffraction patterns of the wet high intensity magnetic separation of the non-magnetic product of medium intensity wet drum magnetic separation from the Knelson gravity concentrate. All peak heights are normalized against the maximum peak intensity in each pattern.
Fig. 11. X-ray diffraction patterns of the wet high intensity magnetic separation of the non-magnetic product of medium intensity wet drum magnetic separation from the Knelson gravity concentrate. All peak heights are normalized against the maximum peak intensity in each pattern.
Fig. 12. X-ray diffraction patterns of the wet high intensity magnetic separation of the non-magnetic product of medium intensity wet drum magnetic separation from the Falcon gravity concentrate. All peak heights are normalized against the maximum peak intensity in each pattern.
Fig. 12. X-ray diffraction patterns of the wet high intensity magnetic separation of the non-magnetic product of medium intensity wet drum magnetic separation from the Falcon gravity concentrate. All peak heights are normalized against the maximum peak intensity in each pattern.
Fig. 13. Mineral associations of LREM across all sizes in the non-magnetic fractions from medium intensity wet magnetic separation applied to the Knelson and Falcon gravity concentrates.
Fig. 13. Mineral associations of LREM across all sizes in the non-magnetic fractions from medium intensity wet magnetic separation applied to the Knelson and Falcon gravity concentrates.
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Chemical EngineeringMaterials ScienceChemistryMagnetic separationFroth FlotationGravity Separation
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