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TABLE Al _ Description of the analyzed studies including study reference, approximate region(s), and time period.

Table 1 Al _ Description of the analyzed studies including study reference, approximate region(s), and time period.

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FIGURE 1 (a) Reconstructed average European June-August temperature anomalies over the period 1-2003 by Luterbacher et al. (2016) (blue line) together with instrumental mean June-August temperature anomalies for Europe 1850-2019 (red line). All anomalies are with respect to the 1961-1990 mean. (b) Distribution of reconstructed June-August temperature anomalies, with respect to the mean of the study period 700-1815, over the tenth century (warmest century of the Medieval Warm Period a.k.a. Medieval Climate Anomaly), the seventeenth century (coldest century of the Little Ice Age), and the eighteenth century (being close to the long-term mean)
FIGURE 1 (a) Reconstructed average European June-August temperature anomalies over the period 1-2003 by Luterbacher et al. (2016) (blue line) together with instrumental mean June-August temperature anomalies for Europe 1850-2019 (red line). All anomalies are with respect to the 1961-1990 mean. (b) Distribution of reconstructed June-August temperature anomalies, with respect to the mean of the study period 700-1815, over the tenth century (warmest century of the Medieval Warm Period a.k.a. Medieval Climate Anomaly), the seventeenth century (coldest century of the Little Ice Age), and the eighteenth century (being close to the long-term mean)
Gerrard & Petley, 2013; Hoffmann, 2014). In addition, for example the cold periods of the 1430s (Camenisch, 2015a; Camenisch, 2015b; Camenisch et al., 2016) and the 1690s (Cullen, 2010; D'Arrigo, Klinger, Newfield, Rydval, & Wilson, 2020), and production failures following particular volcanic eruptions, like the 1257 Samalas eruption (Bauch, 2019; Campbell, 2017; Guillet et al., 2017; Stothers, 2000), have received considerable attention. Furthermore, studies on extreme drought or flood events commonly include discussion about impacts on the grain harvest (see, e.g., Kiss, 2019; Kiss, Piti, Sebok, & Teiszler, 2020; Pribyl & Cornes, 2020; Stone, 2014). Although a majority of the stud- ies focus on particular crisis events, some publications explore the dynamics between climate variability and crop yields on multi-decadal or even multi-centennial time-scales (see, e.g., Brazdil et al., 2019; Campbell, 2010; Huhtamaa & Helama, 2017a; Huhtamaa & Helama, 2017b; Landsteiner, 2005; Parker, 2013; Pfister, 2005; Pfister, 2007b). t7T1.°2—.2 ™... 1... ... ] Ml" 4... [ANA QA\ 3°..* 1. 1 Mm....... 22224. 2h... 1... Cee hliwwee iw wd Clk CiwLd* ww at CP ew aCe eesti‘ iCi~é te 1a
Gerrard & Petley, 2013; Hoffmann, 2014). In addition, for example the cold periods of the 1430s (Camenisch, 2015a; Camenisch, 2015b; Camenisch et al., 2016) and the 1690s (Cullen, 2010; D'Arrigo, Klinger, Newfield, Rydval, & Wilson, 2020), and production failures following particular volcanic eruptions, like the 1257 Samalas eruption (Bauch, 2019; Campbell, 2017; Guillet et al., 2017; Stothers, 2000), have received considerable attention. Furthermore, studies on extreme drought or flood events commonly include discussion about impacts on the grain harvest (see, e.g., Kiss, 2019; Kiss, Piti, Sebok, & Teiszler, 2020; Pribyl & Cornes, 2020; Stone, 2014). Although a majority of the stud- ies focus on particular crisis events, some publications explore the dynamics between climate variability and crop yields on multi-decadal or even multi-centennial time-scales (see, e.g., Brazdil et al., 2019; Campbell, 2010; Huhtamaa & Helama, 2017a; Huhtamaa & Helama, 2017b; Landsteiner, 2005; Parker, 2013; Pfister, 2005; Pfister, 2007b). t7T1.°2—.2 ™... 1... ... ] Ml" 4... [ANA QA\ 3°..* 1. 1 Mm....... 22224. 2h... 1... Cee hliwwee iw wd Clk CiwLd* ww at CP ew aCe eesti‘ iCi~é te 1a
FIGURE 3__ Temporal coverage of the 165 reviewed studies examining associations between climatic variations and human history fo different regions between 700 and 1815 CE
FIGURE 3__ Temporal coverage of the 165 reviewed studies examining associations between climatic variations and human history fo different regions between 700 and 1815 CE
Note: A cross symbol (+) denotes studies containing statistical analysis between climate data and indices related to human history, and star symbol (*) refers to the usage of natural palaeoclimate “proxy” data (besides serving illustrative purposes). For a more extensive list of publications relating to European climate history than reviewed in this article, we refer the reader to: http://www.climatehistory.net/bibliography. TABLE Al _ (Continued)
Note: A cross symbol (+) denotes studies containing statistical analysis between climate data and indices related to human history, and star symbol (*) refers to the usage of natural palaeoclimate “proxy” data (besides serving illustrative purposes). For a more extensive list of publications relating to European climate history than reviewed in this article, we refer the reader to: http://www.climatehistory.net/bibliography. TABLE Al _ (Continued)
Related topics:
European HistoryMedieval HistoryClimate ChangeEarly Modern HistoryEnvironmental HistoryClimate history
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