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Fig. 8. Manufacturer’s, experimental, and simulation Torque/Speed curves

Figure 8 Manufacturer’s, experimental, and simulation Torque/Speed curves

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Fig. 2. Electrical transient regimes in the PAT, derived from pressure surges in the piping. ie Transient analysis, either electrical or hydraulic, at a micro-hydro scale, is a field of research that is rather unexplored. This field of research, however, is of extreme importance, in order to properly dimension electrical protection methods. In this particular case, ah ydraulic transient regime was created by the sudden closure of a valve which, in turn, originated an electrical transient regime. The testing results are presentED in Figure 2.
Fig. 2. Electrical transient regimes in the PAT, derived from pressure surges in the piping. ie Transient analysis, either electrical or hydraulic, at a micro-hydro scale, is a field of research that is rather unexplored. This field of research, however, is of extreme importance, in order to properly dimension electrical protection methods. In this particular case, ah ydraulic transient regime was created by the sudden closure of a valve which, in turn, originated an electrical transient regime. The testing results are presentED in Figure 2.
World Renewable Energy Congress 2011 — Sweden 8-13 May 2011, Linképing, Sweden It is possible to observe that, in runaway conditions, for the same flow rate value, pressure surges occur (here described by an increase in the available head). This is coincident with the work of [3] where it is shown that turbines with low specific rotating speeds induce high pressure surges in the piping
World Renewable Energy Congress 2011 — Sweden 8-13 May 2011, Linképing, Sweden It is possible to observe that, in runaway conditions, for the same flow rate value, pressure surges occur (here described by an increase in the available head). This is coincident with the work of [3] where it is shown that turbines with low specific rotating speeds induce high pressure surges in the piping
Fig. 4. Control scheme used for the PAT simulations. Given the results obtained in laboratorial testing and due to the nature of water supply systems, the chosen (and simulated) control method was the one resorting to flow control valves. The objective of these simulations was to control and avoid a runaway situation. which results from a load withdrawal onthe generator. MATLAB/Simulink was used. The control scheme is described in fig 4 and the simulation results are presented in fig 5.
Fig. 4. Control scheme used for the PAT simulations. Given the results obtained in laboratorial testing and due to the nature of water supply systems, the chosen (and simulated) control method was the one resorting to flow control valves. The objective of these simulations was to control and avoid a runaway situation. which results from a load withdrawal onthe generator. MATLAB/Simulink was used. The control scheme is described in fig 4 and the simulation results are presented in fig 5.
Fig. 5. Simulation results for full and uncontrolled (left), and partial and controlled (right) load removal on the PAT.
Fig. 5. Simulation results for full and uncontrolled (left), and partial and controlled (right) load removal on the PAT.
Fig. 6. Five blade propeller turbine characteristic curves
Fig. 6. Five blade propeller turbine characteristic curves
N = 258 KRPM AND WN sprcy ew) = 116K M) was Inserted in a laboratorial system SPT(M ,M?/S) that allowed for head and flow variation, and that mimicked the conditions found ona rea water supply system. Being experimental equipment, the maximum obtained speed was of 1550rpm. For power generation purposes a 500W DC permanent-magnet machine, derived from an electrical scooter, was acquired. Due to the nature of the generator, and to the lack of additional power electronics, no grid connection was done. The turbine’s characteristic curves are shown in Figure 5, the DC machine’s characteristics and curves are shown in Table | and Figure 6. Table 1. DC motor manufacturer’s parameters
N = 258 KRPM AND WN sprcy ew) = 116K M) was Inserted in a laboratorial system SPT(M ,M?/S) that allowed for head and flow variation, and that mimicked the conditions found ona rea water supply system. Being experimental equipment, the maximum obtained speed was of 1550rpm. For power generation purposes a 500W DC permanent-magnet machine, derived from an electrical scooter, was acquired. Due to the nature of the generator, and to the lack of additional power electronics, no grid connection was done. The turbine’s characteristic curves are shown in Figure 5, the DC machine’s characteristics and curves are shown in Table | and Figure 6. Table 1. DC motor manufacturer’s parameters
Table 2. Best efficiency points for the three experimental sessions. For power generation testing purposes a 6Q, 16A rheostat was used, in order to emulate the behavior of “normal” electrical loads. The testing was done by varying the resistive load while maintaining a fully open admission valve. The testing was done in three separate sessions, being that, on the first session, there was a constraint in terms of head and flow, and on the second and third sessions, that constraint was eliminated. The best efficiency points for the experimental sessions are presentED in Table 2.
Table 2. Best efficiency points for the three experimental sessions. For power generation testing purposes a 6Q, 16A rheostat was used, in order to emulate the behavior of “normal” electrical loads. The testing was done by varying the resistive load while maintaining a fully open admission valve. The testing was done in three separate sessions, being that, on the first session, there was a constraint in terms of head and flow, and on the second and third sessions, that constraint was eliminated. The best efficiency points for the experimental sessions are presentED in Table 2.
Fig. 9. Simulation and experimental turbo-generator group Output power/Speed curves 4. Conclusions and recommendations
Fig. 9. Simulation and experimental turbo-generator group Output power/Speed curves 4. Conclusions and recommendations
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