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Fig. 4. Along-valley wind speed profiles at center of valley for y = 24km, a = 60°, and ambient wind speeds of 0.5, 2, 4, and 6 m/s. Positive values are up-valley speeds and negative values are down-valley speeds.

Figure 4 Along-valley wind speed profiles at center of valley for y = 24km, a = 60°, and ambient wind speeds of 0.5, 2, 4, and 6 m/s. Positive values are up-valley speeds and negative values are down-valley speeds.

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ig. 1. Model domains used for simulations: (a) outer domain, (b) nested, inner domain. ing grid lengths were 100, 500, and 25 m, respectively. Figure 1b shows the inne1 domain topography. Jomaim topograpny. The terrain used in the model was based approximately on the topography o the Brush Creek Valley, but no effort was made to reproduce all the features o that location. The depth and length of the simulated valley are comparable t those of Brush Creek Valley, but the width is somewhat larger. In addition oossible effects of tributaries, downstream blocking by terrain obstacles, an interactions with flows from other drainages have not been addressed. Instead, | rather idealized but reasonable geometry has been chosen in order to simplify th study of the interactions of external and valley winds.
ig. 1. Model domains used for simulations: (a) outer domain, (b) nested, inner domain. ing grid lengths were 100, 500, and 25 m, respectively. Figure 1b shows the inne1 domain topography. Jomaim topograpny. The terrain used in the model was based approximately on the topography o the Brush Creek Valley, but no effort was made to reproduce all the features o that location. The depth and length of the simulated valley are comparable t those of Brush Creek Valley, but the width is somewhat larger. In addition oossible effects of tributaries, downstream blocking by terrain obstacles, an interactions with flows from other drainages have not been addressed. Instead, | rather idealized but reasonable geometry has been chosen in order to simplify th study of the interactions of external and valley winds.
Fig. 2. Sensible heat fluxes measured on 29-30 September, 1984 at four locations in Brush Creek Valley (symbols), average of measured values (solid line), and analytical approximation used in simulations (dashed line).
Fig. 2. Sensible heat fluxes measured on 29-30 September, 1984 at four locations in Brush Creek Valley (symbols), average of measured values (solid line), and analytical approximation used in simulations (dashed line).
Ambient winds used for numerical simulations TABLE I inversions, the relevant properties of the observed winds are generally reproduced well, as will be shown later.
Ambient winds used for numerical simulations TABLE I inversions, the relevant properties of the observed winds are generally reproduced well, as will be shown later.
Fig. 3. Contours of along-valley wind speeds at y = 24km. Heavy lines: up-valley winds; light lines: down-valley winds. Ambient winds at 60° to valley axis, with ridgetop speeds of (a) 0.5 m/s, and (b) 4m/s.
Fig. 3. Contours of along-valley wind speeds at y = 24km. Heavy lines: up-valley winds; light lines: down-valley winds. Ambient winds at 60° to valley axis, with ridgetop speeds of (a) 0.5 m/s, and (b) 4m/s.
Fig. 5. Along-valley wind speed profiles at center of valley for y= 24km, ambient wind speed of 4m/s, and a= 0°, 10°, 30° and 60°.
Fig. 5. Along-valley wind speed profiles at center of valley for y= 24km, ambient wind speed of 4m/s, and a= 0°, 10°, 30° and 60°.
Fig. 6. Vertical velocities at a height of 600 m for (a) a = 10° and (b) a = 60°, for ambient wind speed of 4m/s. Stippled areas are negative velocities; contour interval = 0.2 m/s.
Fig. 6. Vertical velocities at a height of 600 m for (a) a = 10° and (b) a = 60°, for ambient wind speed of 4m/s. Stippled areas are negative velocities; contour interval = 0.2 m/s.
Fig. 7. Depth of down-valley flows as a function of wind speed in a 100m thick layer above the ridgetops at (a) y = 19km, (b) y = 24km, and (c) y = 29km. Solid lines are least-squares fits to the solid points: open circles in (b) correspond to ambient up-valley cases.
Fig. 7. Depth of down-valley flows as a function of wind speed in a 100m thick layer above the ridgetops at (a) y = 19km, (b) y = 24km, and (c) y = 29km. Solid lines are least-squares fits to the solid points: open circles in (b) correspond to ambient up-valley cases.
Fig. 8. Depth of down-valley flows, normalized by valley depth, as a function of ridgetop wind speed. Solid line is a least-squares fit to the points.
Fig. 8. Depth of down-valley flows, normalized by valley depth, as a function of ridgetop wind speed. Solid line is a least-squares fit to the points.
Related topics:
GeologyBoundary Layer MeteorologyAtmospheric sciencesSensible Heat Flux
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