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Fig. 2. Kaplan-Meier plot of honey bees larvae survival function on different treatment: Control with no solvent (Control), control with solvent (Control Acetone) Spalt, Cascade, Victoria and Mapuche (Log-rank test, p < 0.05). Varroa destructor is a major problem for beekeepers of European bee ecotypes under temperate climates. Mite proliferation and its interaction with RNA viruses lead to the collapse of thousands of bee colonies worldwide (Maggi et al., 2016). Hence, beekeepers apply synthetic acaricides but provoking cases of resistance, which become accentuated by the persistence of residues after their application. These residues also contaminate hive products like honey and wax used by humans (Mitton et al., 2017; Maggi et al., 2016). The redirection of control programs

Figure 2 Kaplan-Meier plot of honey bees larvae survival function on different treatment: Control with no solvent (Control), control with solvent (Control Acetone) Spalt, Cascade, Victoria and Mapuche (Log-rank test, p < 0.05). Varroa destructor is a major problem for beekeepers of European bee ecotypes under temperate climates. Mite proliferation and its interaction with RNA viruses lead to the collapse of thousands of bee colonies worldwide (Maggi et al., 2016). Hence, beekeepers apply synthetic acaricides but provoking cases of resistance, which become accentuated by the persistence of residues after their application. These residues also contaminate hive products like honey and wax used by humans (Mitton et al., 2017; Maggi et al., 2016). The redirection of control programs

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Fig. 1. Representation of the experimental design (A) Arrangement of mites and bees in the treatments tested: Control, Victoria, Spalt, Cascade and Mapuche, petri dishes were treated with one of five treatments: hop essential oil at a concentration of 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 mL/mL per cage or a solvent only (hexane) control. There were five replicants per treatment. (B) Arrangement of the sections dividing the petri dishes in the attractivity test.
Fig. 1. Representation of the experimental design (A) Arrangement of mites and bees in the treatments tested: Control, Victoria, Spalt, Cascade and Mapuche, petri dishes were treated with one of five treatments: hop essential oil at a concentration of 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 mL/mL per cage or a solvent only (hexane) control. There were five replicants per treatment. (B) Arrangement of the sections dividing the petri dishes in the attractivity test.
Relative percentage of compounds of essential oils used in repellent/attraction and toxicity test against V. destructor and A. mellifera from four varieties of H. lupulus ' RT: Retention time of the essential compound on the chromatograph column. Table 1
Relative percentage of compounds of essential oils used in repellent/attraction and toxicity test against V. destructor and A. mellifera from four varieties of H. lupulus ' RT: Retention time of the essential compound on the chromatograph column. Table 1
Estimated LCso (L/mL) values for V. destructor obtained at each time interval for each essential oil. Bee mortality was significantly higher following application of essential oils from Mapuche, Victoria and Spalt varieties compared to control (NOAEL of 10 pL/mL (X2(1, N = 50) = 4.36, p = 0.03), NOAEL of 5 pL/mL (X2(1, N = 50) = 5.35, p = 0.02) and the NOAEL of 10 pL/mL ((x7( 1, N = 50) = 22.22, p < 0.00001), respectively). However there was no significant difference in bee mortality between treatment and control for the Cascade variety, (NOAEL of >20 pL/mL (X7(1, N= 50) = 2.381 p = 0.122)).
Estimated LCso (L/mL) values for V. destructor obtained at each time interval for each essential oil. Bee mortality was significantly higher following application of essential oils from Mapuche, Victoria and Spalt varieties compared to control (NOAEL of 10 pL/mL (X2(1, N = 50) = 4.36, p = 0.03), NOAEL of 5 pL/mL (X2(1, N = 50) = 5.35, p = 0.02) and the NOAEL of 10 pL/mL ((x7( 1, N = 50) = 22.22, p < 0.00001), respectively). However there was no significant difference in bee mortality between treatment and control for the Cascade variety, (NOAEL of >20 pL/mL (X7(1, N= 50) = 2.381 p = 0.122)).
This work was supported by the PICT 2823-207 and PICT 0337-2017 of Dr. Matias Maggi. We also gratefully acknowledge UNMDP,CONICET, andANPCyT for their financial support.
This work was supported by the PICT 2823-207 and PICT 0337-2017 of Dr. Matias Maggi. We also gratefully acknowledge UNMDP,CONICET, andANPCyT for their financial support.
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BotanyBiologyVarroa destructor
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