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Table 4 Evaluation of search algorithms. b is the branching factor'; d is the depth of solution, m is the maximum depth of the search tree; | is the depth limit (Russel and Norvig, 1995)

Table 4 Evaluation of search algorithms. b is the branching factor'; d is the depth of solution, m is the maximum depth of the search tree; | is the depth limit (Russel and Norvig, 1995)

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Fig. 1. Overall architecture of evacuation route calculation system According to the instructions on the PDA, the best route was to go back to the 10" floor, go to Exit D, and then go down to the ground floor. And this is what exactly they did.
Fig. 1. Overall architecture of evacuation route calculation system According to the instructions on the PDA, the best route was to go back to the 10" floor, go to Exit D, and then go down to the ground floor. And this is what exactly they did.
For simplicity, we will consider that 3D indoor positioning (passive or active) and a telecommunication network (WLAN, GPRS or UTMS) are available (see Zlatanova and Verbree, 2003) and will concentrate only on the 3D indoor model, the algorithms for route calculation and the presenta- tion of the information. Fig. 2. Geometry of the Aula
For simplicity, we will consider that 3D indoor positioning (passive or active) and a telecommunication network (WLAN, GPRS or UTMS) are available (see Zlatanova and Verbree, 2003) and will concentrate only on the 3D indoor model, the algorithms for route calculation and the presenta- tion of the information. Fig. 2. Geometry of the Aula
Fig. 3. Simplified Logical model of Aula, 2nd floor There is not an automatic approach for 3D reconstructing of the interior of buildings and other closed constructions, and it is difficult to extract paths from geometry model. However, the 3D geometry is needed for presentation of the navigation route.
Fig. 3. Simplified Logical model of Aula, 2nd floor There is not an automatic approach for 3D reconstructing of the interior of buildings and other closed constructions, and it is difficult to extract paths from geometry model. However, the 3D geometry is needed for presentation of the navigation route.
Table 2 Columns of Link table 1152. + Pu Shi and Sisi Zlatanova Path table and path link table are optional, but calculated shortest path can be stored here. Networks can be created by either PL/SQL or Java API, but can only be analyzed by Java API. A shortest path function is already available in the Java API, but only the costs (length) of links are considered. Based on the existing well-structured network model, we can easily implement user-defined java functions that take other problems that affect the evacuation route calculation into consideration.
Table 2 Columns of Link table 1152. + Pu Shi and Sisi Zlatanova Path table and path link table are optional, but calculated shortest path can be stored here. Networks can be created by either PL/SQL or Java API, but can only be analyzed by Java API. A shortest path function is already available in the Java API, but only the costs (length) of links are considered. Based on the existing well-structured network model, we can easily implement user-defined java functions that take other problems that affect the evacuation route calculation into consideration.
The environment and human factors above will be both considered for the evacuation route calculation. Their importance may vary in different kinds of buildings. For example, population density should be carefully considered in theaters, level of disability should be carefully considered in hospitals, and etc. Values for these factors can be collected from investiga- tion over the buildings. Many commonly used investigation methods are mentioned in Galea et al 1999. All the factor values should be stored along with the logical model as non-spatial information in the database. Evacuation Route Calculation of Inner Buildings 115:
The environment and human factors above will be both considered for the evacuation route calculation. Their importance may vary in different kinds of buildings. For example, population density should be carefully considered in theaters, level of disability should be carefully considered in hospitals, and etc. Values for these factors can be collected from investiga- tion over the buildings. Many commonly used investigation methods are mentioned in Galea et al 1999. All the factor values should be stored along with the logical model as non-spatial information in the database. Evacuation Route Calculation of Inner Buildings 115:
Evacuation lights and speakers can be used to give evacuation instruc- tions for all the people within a building. Voice usually gives helpful in- formation, but it is still difficult to generate voice instructions automati- cally from calculated evacuation route. A possible solution is to first gen- erate the path figures that can be easily understood by administrators, so that they can give use microphones to live evacuation instructions.
Evacuation lights and speakers can be used to give evacuation instruc- tions for all the people within a building. Voice usually gives helpful in- formation, but it is still difficult to generate voice instructions automati- cally from calculated evacuation route. A possible solution is to first gen- erate the path figures that can be easily understood by administrators, so that they can give use microphones to live evacuation instructions.
Fig. 5. 3D models with Nokia GL on the Communicator 9210 as one result of the TellMaris project (IST-2000-28249, http://www.tellmaris.com). © Nokia Re- search
Fig. 5. 3D models with Nokia GL on the Communicator 9210 as one result of the TellMaris project (IST-2000-28249, http://www.tellmaris.com). © Nokia Re- search
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Indoor NavigationIndoor LocalizationINDOOR POSITIONING SYSTEM
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