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Figure 5. Number of knocks

Figure 5 Number of knocks

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Figure 1. Recording set up Every participant recorded a total of 20 knocking actions for each of the five scenarios for a total of 600 sequences. All instructions were given vocally. The participants re- ceived no payment for their contribution.
Figure 1. Recording set up Every participant recorded a total of 20 knocking actions for each of the five scenarios for a total of 600 sequences. All instructions were given vocally. The participants re- ceived no payment for their contribution.
Figure 2. Comparison between whole dataset and the re- duced dataset. The emotion labels’ order (Anger, Fear, Happiness, Neutral, Sadness) remain constant for all acoustic characteristics.
Figure 2. Comparison between whole dataset and the re- duced dataset. The emotion labels’ order (Anger, Fear, Happiness, Neutral, Sadness) remain constant for all acoustic characteristics.
Figure 3. Example of the root-mean-square energy fea- ture. The X axis represents knocking action duration in seconds. The Y axis represents the RMSE of the individual knocks. The individual knock positions in the action are represented by the black dots. The slope of the fitted line (in red) is negative, therefore the action has a decrescendo energy pattern.
Figure 3. Example of the root-mean-square energy fea- ture. The X axis represents knocking action duration in seconds. The Y axis represents the RMSE of the individual knocks. The individual knock positions in the action are represented by the black dots. The slope of the fitted line (in red) is negative, therefore the action has a decrescendo energy pattern.
Figure 4. Duration of knocking action
Figure 4. Duration of knocking action
Figure 6. Knocking rate This result is consistent with results by [5] where fast rate/tempo were found to be acoustic cues for Happi- ness, Anger and Fear, and low rate/tempo for Sadness.
Figure 6. Knocking rate This result is consistent with results by [5] where fast rate/tempo were found to be acoustic cues for Happi- ness, Anger and Fear, and low rate/tempo for Sadness.
Figure 8. RMS energy regression slope This result relates to the results for sound loudness vari- ability reported in [5], which is high or medium for Anger, Fear and Happiness, and Low for Sadness.
Figure 8. RMS energy regression slope This result relates to the results for sound loudness vari- ability reported in [5], which is high or medium for Anger, Fear and Happiness, and Low for Sadness.
Figure 7. Knocking regularity
Figure 7. Knocking regularity
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