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Plate 3.13: View west along the northern side of the Belgian coke ovens. Brick scatter is evident along this slope. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)

Figure 33 Plate 3.13: View west along the northern side of the Belgian coke ovens. Brick scatter is evident along this slope. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)

Related Figures (63)

Date: 8 September 2015
Date: 8 September 2015
Figure 1.1: Plan showing the various properties covering the coke ovens site. (Lithgow City Council)
Figure 1.1: Plan showing the various properties covering the coke ovens site. (Lithgow City Council)
Figure | 1.2: Property map showing the extent of the coke ovens ruins.
Figure | 1.2: Property map showing the extent of the coke ovens ruins.
Figure 1.3: Google Earth image showing the relationship of the coke ovens site to the. Lithgow Blast Furnace site and Lake Pillans. (Sinclair Knight Mertz)
Figure 1.3: Google Earth image showing the relationship of the coke ovens site to the. Lithgow Blast Furnace site and Lake Pillans. (Sinclair Knight Mertz)
Figure 1.4: Plan showing the curtilage of the NSW State Heritage Register listing of the Lithgow Blast Furnace Site. (Heritage Council of NSW SHR 00548)
Figure 1.4: Plan showing the curtilage of the NSW State Heritage Register listing of the Lithgow Blast Furnace Site. (Heritage Council of NSW SHR 00548)
The Lithgow blast furnaces photographed from the north after the completion of Hoskins’ No.2 Blast Furnace in 1913. (Pictures Collection State Library of Victoria) they developed plans for a major expansion in productive capacity, bringing a second blast furnace on line in 1913.
The Lithgow blast furnaces photographed from the north after the completion of Hoskins’ No.2 Blast Furnace in 1913. (Pictures Collection State Library of Victoria) they developed plans for a major expansion in productive capacity, bringing a second blast furnace on line in 1913.
Figure 2.1: Flowchart of 19™ century ironmaking showing the role of coke in smelting iron. (From Mckillop, B. et al, 2005. Furnace, Fire and Forge p.116)
Figure 2.1: Flowchart of 19™ century ironmaking showing the role of coke in smelting iron. (From Mckillop, B. et al, 2005. Furnace, Fire and Forge p.116)
Plate 2.1: Beehive coke ovens erected at the Vale Colliery, Lithgow in 1890. This photograph clearly shows the coke ovens with their coke bench & rail loading platform. (Pictures Collection State Library of Victoria.) The Lithgow Coal Seam, located deep beneath the eastern end of the Lithgow Valley, appears to have been the only section of this seam suitable for producing metallurgical coke. The first coke ovens in the Lithgow Valley were erected by the Vale Colliery Company adjacent to its colliery in Ida Falls Gully in 189015. It is presumed that the coke ovens were constructed to meet a rapidly increasing demand for coke that had resulted from the silver mining boom of the mid to late 1880s. At this time very little coke was manufactured in New South Wales and smelters were using large quantities of imported coke.
Plate 2.1: Beehive coke ovens erected at the Vale Colliery, Lithgow in 1890. This photograph clearly shows the coke ovens with their coke bench & rail loading platform. (Pictures Collection State Library of Victoria.) The Lithgow Coal Seam, located deep beneath the eastern end of the Lithgow Valley, appears to have been the only section of this seam suitable for producing metallurgical coke. The first coke ovens in the Lithgow Valley were erected by the Vale Colliery Company adjacent to its colliery in Ida Falls Gully in 189015. It is presumed that the coke ovens were constructed to meet a rapidly increasing demand for coke that had resulted from the silver mining boom of the mid to late 1880s. At this time very little coke was manufactured in New South Wales and smelters were using large quantities of imported coke.
Plate 2.2: A photograph of the Oakey Park Colliery taken around 1904. The Beehive coke ovens constructed between 1898 and 1900 are visible in the centre of the photo beyond the trees. (Lithgow Regional Library, Lithgow District Historical Society Collection)
Plate 2.2: A photograph of the Oakey Park Colliery taken around 1904. The Beehive coke ovens constructed between 1898 and 1900 are visible in the centre of the photo beyond the trees. (Lithgow Regional Library, Lithgow District Historical Society Collection)
Plate 2.3: The Oakey Park Beehive ovens photographed around 1915. (Department of Mineral Resources. 1916. The Coke Industry of New South Wales.)
Plate 2.3: The Oakey Park Beehive ovens photographed around 1915. (Department of Mineral Resources. 1916. The Coke Industry of New South Wales.)
During 1905-1906 an additional 40 MacLanahan type rectangular coke ovens were constructed during 1905-1906. The rectangular ovens were located about 600 metres from the pit head. These ovens were 9.15m long, 2.44m wide and 1.8m high. Curtain faces at each end reduced the height of the openings to 915mm at one end and 839mm at the other. The company charged its ovens with slack coal, thereby eliminating the need to crush coal. In addition a disintegrator plant was installed near the colliery screens to crush larger coal for coking purposes. Coal was transported from the screens to the coke ovens by endless rope haulage. It was loaded into canisters that were hauled along the tops of the ovens by horse traction and then charged into each oven. The rectangular ovens were fitted with steel doors that were raised by hydraulic power. Steam powered rams were used to discharge coke from these ovens. In 1915 coke was being supplied to the Great Cobar Copper Company and to the Hoskins iron and steel works.?7 When William Sandford had constructed his blast furnace in 1907 contracts were arranged with the Oakey Park Coal and Coke Company for the supply of 500 tons of coke per week. Supply of another 300 tons per week was arranged with the Bulli Coke Company. Arrangements were subsequently made for supply of coke from various other Illawarra coke suppliers, and when G & C Hoskins Ltd took over the iron and steel works they were assured that contracts were in place for 1,300 tons of coke per week. This supply was coming from the Commonwealth Oil Corporation, Federal Coke Works and Australian Coke Company.
During 1905-1906 an additional 40 MacLanahan type rectangular coke ovens were constructed during 1905-1906. The rectangular ovens were located about 600 metres from the pit head. These ovens were 9.15m long, 2.44m wide and 1.8m high. Curtain faces at each end reduced the height of the openings to 915mm at one end and 839mm at the other. The company charged its ovens with slack coal, thereby eliminating the need to crush coal. In addition a disintegrator plant was installed near the colliery screens to crush larger coal for coking purposes. Coal was transported from the screens to the coke ovens by endless rope haulage. It was loaded into canisters that were hauled along the tops of the ovens by horse traction and then charged into each oven. The rectangular ovens were fitted with steel doors that were raised by hydraulic power. Steam powered rams were used to discharge coke from these ovens. In 1915 coke was being supplied to the Great Cobar Copper Company and to the Hoskins iron and steel works.?7 When William Sandford had constructed his blast furnace in 1907 contracts were arranged with the Oakey Park Coal and Coke Company for the supply of 500 tons of coke per week. Supply of another 300 tons per week was arranged with the Bulli Coke Company. Arrangements were subsequently made for supply of coke from various other Illawarra coke suppliers, and when G & C Hoskins Ltd took over the iron and steel works they were assured that contracts were in place for 1,300 tons of coke per week. This supply was coming from the Commonwealth Oil Corporation, Federal Coke Works and Australian Coke Company.
Plate 2.5: The Oakey Park Colliery photographed in the 1920s. The beehive coke ovens are generally intact and the MacLanahan ovens can be seen at the far right. (Lithgow Regional Library, Lithgow District Historical Society Collection)
Plate 2.5: The Oakey Park Colliery photographed in the 1920s. The beehive coke ovens are generally intact and the MacLanahan ovens can be seen at the far right. (Lithgow Regional Library, Lithgow District Historical Society Collection)
Plate 2.6: The G & C Hoskins Ltd coke ovens viewed from the southwest showing th the coal handling plant and bin located at the western end of the ovens. The corrugated iron water tanks on the side of the coal bin appear to have supplied water for quenching coke. The western end of the coke bench & loading platform is on the right. (Department of Mineral Resources. 1916. The Coke Industry of New South Wales.)
Plate 2.6: The G & C Hoskins Ltd coke ovens viewed from the southwest showing th the coal handling plant and bin located at the western end of the ovens. The corrugated iron water tanks on the side of the coal bin appear to have supplied water for quenching coke. The western end of the coke bench & loading platform is on the right. (Department of Mineral Resources. 1916. The Coke Industry of New South Wales.)
- Plate 2.7: The original bank of 78 Belgian type. coke ovens erected by /G & C Hoskins Ltd (1910-1912) viewed from the northwest. The additional 15 by-product ovens are just visible at the far left. (Department of Mineral Resources. 1916. The Coke Industry of New South Wales.) An additional 15 ovens were erected in 1915. These were constructed with refractory bricks from Waterloo and were designed with bottom and side flues. Process heat from these flues was used to generate steam and electricity to provide power to machinery at the ovens. In 1915 the output of the ovens was 1,250 tons per week.® Despite modifications undertaken in 1915 the quality of product from the coke ovens continued to provide problems in the operation of the blast furnaces. Experiments were made in mixing Oakey Park Colliery coal with Bulli Seam coal and G & C Hoskins Ltd increasingly found themselves seeking higher quality coke from the Illawarra district.??
- Plate 2.7: The original bank of 78 Belgian type. coke ovens erected by /G & C Hoskins Ltd (1910-1912) viewed from the northwest. The additional 15 by-product ovens are just visible at the far left. (Department of Mineral Resources. 1916. The Coke Industry of New South Wales.) An additional 15 ovens were erected in 1915. These were constructed with refractory bricks from Waterloo and were designed with bottom and side flues. Process heat from these flues was used to generate steam and electricity to provide power to machinery at the ovens. In 1915 the output of the ovens was 1,250 tons per week.® Despite modifications undertaken in 1915 the quality of product from the coke ovens continued to provide problems in the operation of the blast furnaces. Experiments were made in mixing Oakey Park Colliery coal with Bulli Seam coal and G & C Hoskins Ltd increasingly found themselves seeking higher quality coke from the Illawarra district.??
Figure 2.2: G & C Hoskins Ltd coke ovens process flowchart. In October 1921 the Lithgow coke ovens were closed down “for an indefinite period” 41. By that time the Wongawilli coke ovens (refer to Section 2.4), constructed by the company from 1916, had the capacity to supply one blast furnace. The Lithgow coke ovens were brought back into production in May 192342. The works were closed in December 1923 when coke workers struck to bring their hours of work in line with district coalminers*?. Disputation over this matter continued well into 1925, and it was reported that a workforce of 35 present in December 1923 had been whittled down to eight by May 1925. The ongoing strike action had led most of the workers to seek employment elsewhere.*4
Figure 2.2: G & C Hoskins Ltd coke ovens process flowchart. In October 1921 the Lithgow coke ovens were closed down “for an indefinite period” 41. By that time the Wongawilli coke ovens (refer to Section 2.4), constructed by the company from 1916, had the capacity to supply one blast furnace. The Lithgow coke ovens were brought back into production in May 192342. The works were closed in December 1923 when coke workers struck to bring their hours of work in line with district coalminers*?. Disputation over this matter continued well into 1925, and it was reported that a workforce of 35 present in December 1923 had been whittled down to eight by May 1925. The ongoing strike action had led most of the workers to seek employment elsewhere.*4
Plate 2.8: Quenching coke on the coke bench. Water for quenching was supplied from Lake Pillans. The hand held hoses appear to be connected to the loading platform. An electric coke loader can be seen in the background at the eastern end of the platform. (Department of Mineral Resources)
Plate 2.8: Quenching coke on the coke bench. Water for quenching was supplied from Lake Pillans. The hand held hoses appear to be connected to the loading platform. An electric coke loader can be seen in the background at the eastern end of the platform. (Department of Mineral Resources)
Plate 2.9: Electric coke loader installed at Wongawilli. This appears to be identical to the loader installed on the southern side of the by-product coke ovens erected at Lithgow in 1915. (Department of Mineral Resources) another state. Together these imperatives meant that the works would have to be relocated to a coastal site.> In 1928 Hoskins Iron and Steel Ltd founded Australian Iron and Steel (AIS), which took over all steelmaking assets in the Illawarra. Following a merger of AIS and BHP the Port Kembla steelworks were upgraded. As part of this upgrade a modern by-product coke oven battery was established closer to the iron and steel works. When this plant came on line in 1938 the Wongawilli coke ovens were decommissioned but brought back into production during World War II. They were permanently closed down in 1945 and eventually demolished.*3
Plate 2.9: Electric coke loader installed at Wongawilli. This appears to be identical to the loader installed on the southern side of the by-product coke ovens erected at Lithgow in 1915. (Department of Mineral Resources) another state. Together these imperatives meant that the works would have to be relocated to a coastal site.> In 1928 Hoskins Iron and Steel Ltd founded Australian Iron and Steel (AIS), which took over all steelmaking assets in the Illawarra. Following a merger of AIS and BHP the Port Kembla steelworks were upgraded. As part of this upgrade a modern by-product coke oven battery was established closer to the iron and steel works. When this plant came on line in 1938 the Wongawilli coke ovens were decommissioned but brought back into production during World War II. They were permanently closed down in 1945 and eventually demolished.*3
Figure 3.1: Representation of the coke oven sidings showing the outline of the coke ovens. The 1912 coal handling & disintegrator plant are represented by the cruciform shape at the right (western end) of the ovens. The Great Western Railway & Lithgow shunting yards are at the top of the image. (From McKillop et al, 2005. Furnace Fire and Forge. p.231)
Figure 3.1: Representation of the coke oven sidings showing the outline of the coke ovens. The 1912 coal handling & disintegrator plant are represented by the cruciform shape at the right (western end) of the ovens. The Great Western Railway & Lithgow shunting yards are at the top of the image. (From McKillop et al, 2005. Furnace Fire and Forge. p.231)
‘Figure 3.2: Google Earth image showing the key features of the coke ovens ruins. (Sinclair Knight Mertz) The rubble remains of the coke ovens consist of whole bricks, part bricks and completely crushed bricks. Some of the rubble is formed of individual heaps presumably corresponding to oven units, but some of it is a single amorphous area. ... the remnants did not represent anywhere near the 90 ovens ... The rubble tends to fade away towards the western end, leaving a considerable gap before ... (an) extant wall ... However, the rubble remnants, the gap and the single wall may well equal the area of the reported 90 ovens. The single brick wall runs north-south. It appears to be constructed of silica bricks and has a slight structural inclination inwards. It also appears to be the end wall of the coke oven embankment.*4
‘Figure 3.2: Google Earth image showing the key features of the coke ovens ruins. (Sinclair Knight Mertz) The rubble remains of the coke ovens consist of whole bricks, part bricks and completely crushed bricks. Some of the rubble is formed of individual heaps presumably corresponding to oven units, but some of it is a single amorphous area. ... the remnants did not represent anywhere near the 90 ovens ... The rubble tends to fade away towards the western end, leaving a considerable gap before ... (an) extant wall ... However, the rubble remnants, the gap and the single wall may well equal the area of the reported 90 ovens. The single brick wall runs north-south. It appears to be constructed of silica bricks and has a slight structural inclination inwards. It also appears to be the end wall of the coke oven embankment.*4
— Plate 3.1: : Disintegrator ator plant footings \ viewed from the south. _ (Ray Christison 30.8.2015 5)
— Plate 3.1: : Disintegrator ator plant footings \ viewed from the south. _ (Ray Christison 30.8.2015 5)
_ Plate 3.3: The southern disintegrator © plant footing viewed from the southwest.
_ Plate 3.3: The southern disintegrator © plant footing viewed from the southwest.
Plate 3.2: The southern & central disintegrator plant footings viewed from the west.
Plate 3.2: The southern & central disintegrator plant footings viewed from the west.
Plate 3.4: The southern footing viewed from the west. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.4: The southern footing viewed from the west. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.5: Central disintegrator plant footing viewed from the west. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015) Plate 3.7: Northern disintegrator plant footing viewed from the south. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.5: Central disintegrator plant footing viewed from the west. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015) Plate 3.7: Northern disintegrator plant footing viewed from the south. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
four bases were identified but more may be located under the serrated tussock grass that covers the area.
four bases were identified but more may be located under the serrated tussock grass that covers the area.
Plate 3.9: The base of a coal bin upright viewed from the west. (Ray Christison 5.9.2015) ———— Nee ae ae Plate 3.8: Coal bin u upright bases viewed from the west. (Ray Christison 5.9.201 5)
Plate 3.9: The base of a coal bin upright viewed from the west. (Ray Christison 5.9.2015) ———— Nee ae ae Plate 3.8: Coal bin u upright bases viewed from the west. (Ray Christison 5.9.201 5)
Plate 3.9: The office/wash house ruing viewed from the west. (Ray Christison 5.9.2015)
Plate 3.9: The office/wash house ruing viewed from the west. (Ray Christison 5.9.2015)
Plate 3.10: Doorway into the northeast — room. The floors of this room are coved up the walls (Ray Christison 5.9.2015)
Plate 3.10: Doorway into the northeast — room. The floors of this room are coved up the walls (Ray Christison 5.9.2015)
3.2 Belgian type coke ovens -— 1910-1912
3.2 Belgian type coke ovens -— 1910-1912
Plate 3.12: Photograph of the coke oven seat removed in late 2014. (Lithgow City Council)
Plate 3.12: Photograph of the coke oven seat removed in late 2014. (Lithgow City Council)
Plate 3.14: View west along what may be the southern side of the Belgian coke ovens. The mound to the left on the former coke bench contains large amounts of brick rubble. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.14: View west along what may be the southern side of the Belgian coke ovens. The mound to the left on the former coke bench contains large amounts of brick rubble. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.15: Brick rubble and crushed brick mounded along the coke oven site. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.15: Brick rubble and crushed brick mounded along the coke oven site. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.16: A large mound of demolition material including concrete and brick rubble, and structural steel is located near the centre of the site. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.16: A large mound of demolition material including concrete and brick rubble, and structural steel is located near the centre of the site. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
“Plate 3.17: Part of the eastern section of the 1910-1912 loading platform wall showing the | arched openings often mistaken as coke ovens. The coal waste in front of the wall appears to have been brought into the site. The humped area behind the platform wall appears to be the ruins of the coke ovens that have been bulldozed onto the coke platform. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015) The coke oven platform is constructed in a dark brown brick with a concrete render on its upper surface. The based of the platform consists of structural arches, 12 of these arched cavities currently being visible. ... At the rear of the platform arches, a small channel has been cut into the ground. Its back is formed by the continuation of the brick platform wall and its front is also brick faced. It was probed but did not appear to have a brick base, rather the base is formed by several centimetres of silt. The channel continues from one arched area to the next ...°?
“Plate 3.17: Part of the eastern section of the 1910-1912 loading platform wall showing the | arched openings often mistaken as coke ovens. The coal waste in front of the wall appears to have been brought into the site. The humped area behind the platform wall appears to be the ruins of the coke ovens that have been bulldozed onto the coke platform. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015) The coke oven platform is constructed in a dark brown brick with a concrete render on its upper surface. The based of the platform consists of structural arches, 12 of these arched cavities currently being visible. ... At the rear of the platform arches, a small channel has been cut into the ground. Its back is formed by the continuation of the brick platform wall and its front is also brick faced. It was probed but did not appear to have a brick base, rather the base is formed by several centimetres of silt. The channel continues from one arched area to the next ...°?
Plate 3.18: A ‘single. arched « opening. . Drainage openings ;in the back wall of the recess are clearly visible. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.18: A ‘single. arched « opening. . Drainage openings ;in the back wall of the recess are clearly visible. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.19: View into an arched opening showing the _ drainage holes and large drain along the base of the wall. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.19: View into an arched opening showing the _ drainage holes and large drain along the base of the wall. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.20: Brick opening towards the rear of the arch apex. This may have provided a void to carry water pipes to the coke bench for use in quenching operations. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.20: Brick opening towards the rear of the arch apex. This may have provided a void to carry water pipes to the coke bench for use in quenching operations. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.21: View west within an arched opening showing the openings for water pipes and the large drain at the base of the walls. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.21: View west within an arched opening showing the openings for water pipes and the large drain at the base of the walls. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.22: View west into the large drain at the base of the walls. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.22: View west into the large drain at the base of the walls. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.23: The north-eastern corner of the coke oven seat of the 1915 by-product ovens. This is located on Lot 1 DP791921. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.23: The north-eastern corner of the coke oven seat of the 1915 by-product ovens. This is located on Lot 1 DP791921. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.24: De-ashing portal on the northern side of the most easterly by-product coke oven seat. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.24: De-ashing portal on the northern side of the most easterly by-product coke oven seat. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.25: View east along the oven seat on the northern side of the by-product coke oven site. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.25: View east along the oven seat on the northern side of the by-product coke oven site. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.26: Exposed section of by-product coke oven floors. (Ray Christison 30.8.2 2015)
Plate 3.26: Exposed section of by-product coke oven floors. (Ray Christison 30.8.2 2015)
Coke bench & electric coke loader platform
Coke bench & electric coke loader platform
Plate 3.28: View west along the loading platform wall built to accommodate the electric coke loader showing the English Bond brickwork. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.28: View west along the loading platform wall built to accommodate the electric coke loader showing the English Bond brickwork. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.27: Eastern end of the coke bench. The loading platform wall built to accommodate the electric coke loader is visible on the left. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.27: Eastern end of the coke bench. The loading platform wall built to accommodate the electric coke loader is visible on the left. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
sateen =e +: memes es es os < seen mamma 77 7 Reema 1 Xen eee Plate 3.29: View northeast along the loading p platform we wall built to accommodate the electric coke loader. The mounds on the former coke bench appear to contain rubble from the coke ovens. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
sateen =e +: memes es es os < seen mamma 77 7 Reema 1 Xen eee Plate 3.29: View northeast along the loading p platform we wall built to accommodate the electric coke loader. The mounds on the former coke bench appear to contain rubble from the coke ovens. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.30: This photograph shows the location at which the coke bench loading platform wall of the 1915 by-product ovens meets the wall related to the 1910 Belgian ovens. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.30: This photograph shows the location at which the coke bench loading platform wall of the 1915 by-product ovens meets the wall related to the 1910 Belgian ovens. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.31: View east along the formation of the coal sidings. The formation for the coal siding is clearly visible on the northern side of the western end of the Belgian coke ovens. Much of the formation beyond this point appears to have been obliterated by earthworks. The coke siding has been mostly buried to provide road access along the northern side of the Great Western Railway. Earthworks for the headshunt of the coke sidings are intact, and the headshunt area contains remnant sleepers and discarded railway dog spikes.
Plate 3.31: View east along the formation of the coal sidings. The formation for the coal siding is clearly visible on the northern side of the western end of the Belgian coke ovens. Much of the formation beyond this point appears to have been obliterated by earthworks. The coke siding has been mostly buried to provide road access along the northern side of the Great Western Railway. Earthworks for the headshunt of the coke sidings are intact, and the headshunt area contains remnant sleepers and discarded railway dog spikes.
3.4 Coal & coke sidings
3.4 Coal & coke sidings
Plate 3.32: View west along the coke siding headshunt towards the coke ovens site. The roadway on the left has been built on coal waste dumped on the coke siding and runaround loop. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Plate 3.32: View west along the coke siding headshunt towards the coke ovens site. The roadway on the left has been built on coal waste dumped on the coke siding and runaround loop. (Ray Christison 30.8.2015)
Related topics:
Iron and Steel (History)Coke Ovens
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