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Table 1. Temporary entrants visa holders The population of international students, the second largest group of long-term temporary residents in Australia, increased a great deal over the past five years. However, the stock of international students has fluctuated. A number of domestic and international factors have contributed to the rise and fall of the population of international students, including the exchange rate of Australian dollar, global economic situations, and changes in policy which influence the relationship between study in Australia and permanent residency. Study has been used as a pathway to a longer-term stay, and a considerable number of applications for permanent residence have been made by former international students

Table 1 Temporary entrants visa holders The population of international students, the second largest group of long-term temporary residents in Australia, increased a great deal over the past five years. However, the stock of international students has fluctuated. A number of domestic and international factors have contributed to the rise and fall of the population of international students, including the exchange rate of Australian dollar, global economic situations, and changes in policy which influence the relationship between study in Australia and permanent residency. Study has been used as a pathway to a longer-term stay, and a considerable number of applications for permanent residence have been made by former international students

Related Figures (5)

Figure 1. Composition of Korean temporary entrants (%, 2017) It should be noted here that migration is conventionally measured in terms of stocks and flows. The former are the total numbers of migrants in a particular destination or from a particular origin at one point in time, whilst the latter are the numbers moving from an origin to a destination over a specified time period (Hugo, 2006). In flow terms, 21,717 Koreans entered Australia on temporary visas in 2017. There was a temporary reduction in the number of Korean temporary entrants from 220,876 in 2013 to 203,157 in 2014, but since then Korean temporary arrivals are on a gradual uptrend!. ol 1 11 rw g g 5 fe
Figure 1. Composition of Korean temporary entrants (%, 2017) It should be noted here that migration is conventionally measured in terms of stocks and flows. The former are the total numbers of migrants in a particular destination or from a particular origin at one point in time, whilst the latter are the numbers moving from an origin to a destination over a specified time period (Hugo, 2006). In flow terms, 21,717 Koreans entered Australia on temporary visas in 2017. There was a temporary reduction in the number of Korean temporary entrants from 220,876 in 2013 to 203,157 in 2014, but since then Korean temporary arrivals are on a gradual uptrend!. ol 1 11 rw g g 5 fe
Figure 2. Korean student enrolments in Australia
Figure 2. Korean student enrolments in Australia
Figure 3. Korean participation in Australian Working Holiday program Recently, Korean participation in the Australian working holiday program has been on the decline. At the start o f the Australian working holiday program, Australia accounted for 83.9% of the total Korean outgoings for working holiday participation, which has reduced to 53.7% in 2017 (Working Holiday Info Centre, 2019 . The decline could be explained by diversification of working holiday destinations in Korea, the deteriorating image of the Australian working holiday program, the allegedly unfavourable policy measures for tem porary migrant workers, and reduced opportunity to convert it to a long-term residency (Jung & Lee, 2017). Young Koreans living under this visa in Australia are understood as being of distinct demographics, hose who are not of an elite group of privileged social and economic status in Korea, commonly found in South Korean young immigrants in the North America and the
Figure 3. Korean participation in Australian Working Holiday program Recently, Korean participation in the Australian working holiday program has been on the decline. At the start o f the Australian working holiday program, Australia accounted for 83.9% of the total Korean outgoings for working holiday participation, which has reduced to 53.7% in 2017 (Working Holiday Info Centre, 2019 . The decline could be explained by diversification of working holiday destinations in Korea, the deteriorating image of the Australian working holiday program, the allegedly unfavourable policy measures for tem porary migrant workers, and reduced opportunity to convert it to a long-term residency (Jung & Lee, 2017). Young Koreans living under this visa in Australia are understood as being of distinct demographics, hose who are not of an elite group of privileged social and economic status in Korea, commonly found in South Korean young immigrants in the North America and the
Figure 4. Korean temporary skilled migrants The last temporary migrant group to be discussed is those on the Temporary Work (Skilled) (subclass 457) visa. As this visa is ar uncapped, demand-driven program designed to enable approvec employers to address short-term skill shortages, applications and grant: often fluctuate according to the state of the economy and the labow market. There are 4,265 Korean temporary skilled migrants, accounting for 2.7% of the total (Department of Home Affairs, 2019b). Koreans have actively used this program as means to transition into permanent resident: as this program allowed those in employment for 2 years to be eligible tc apply for the Employer Nomination Scheme, which was a permanen residency visa. However, it is expected that recent changes into the Temporary Skill Shortage (TSS) visa will see a rapid reduction in the number of Koreans on this visa. In fact, Koreans who were granted this visa decreased by 28.6% between 2016 and 2017 (Department of Hom« Affairs, 2018b).
Figure 4. Korean temporary skilled migrants The last temporary migrant group to be discussed is those on the Temporary Work (Skilled) (subclass 457) visa. As this visa is ar uncapped, demand-driven program designed to enable approvec employers to address short-term skill shortages, applications and grant: often fluctuate according to the state of the economy and the labow market. There are 4,265 Korean temporary skilled migrants, accounting for 2.7% of the total (Department of Home Affairs, 2019b). Koreans have actively used this program as means to transition into permanent resident: as this program allowed those in employment for 2 years to be eligible tc apply for the Employer Nomination Scheme, which was a permanen residency visa. However, it is expected that recent changes into the Temporary Skill Shortage (TSS) visa will see a rapid reduction in the number of Koreans on this visa. In fact, Koreans who were granted this visa decreased by 28.6% between 2016 and 2017 (Department of Hom« Affairs, 2018b).
Figure 5. Youth unemployment in Korea
Figure 5. Youth unemployment in Korea
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