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Fig.1.C: Time spent in the target quadrant without the platform; the time spent by rats in ZTW groups were significantly (p<0.01) respectively compared to the model group. Rats in the reference standard drug group, (HDG 0.4mg), significantly (p<0.01) spent more time in the target quadrant compared to the model. 3.2 Measurments of Contents of MDA and NO, and Activities of SOD

Figure 1 C: Time spent in the target quadrant without the platform; the time spent by rats in ZTW groups were significantly (p<0.01) respectively compared to the model group. Rats in the reference standard drug group, (HDG 0.4mg), significantly (p<0.01) spent more time in the target quadrant compared to the model. 3.2 Measurments of Contents of MDA and NO, and Activities of SOD

Related Figures (5)

Fig. 1.A: Mean latency to find the hidden platform; ZTW-treated rats and HDG-treated rats highly significantly (p<0.05 —P<0.01) reduced latency to finding the hidden platform compared to the model group from day 1-3 of the training respectively The swim distance covered by the model group was significantly (p<0.01) reduced compared to the control [241.33 + 56.26] cm Vs [383.41 + 84.26] cm respectively. The swim distance covered by the rats in reference standard group was 296.79 + 53.85cm. Rats administered with ZTW (1600, 3200 and 6400) mg /kg body weight covered 312.53 +
Fig. 1.A: Mean latency to find the hidden platform; ZTW-treated rats and HDG-treated rats highly significantly (p<0.05 —P<0.01) reduced latency to finding the hidden platform compared to the model group from day 1-3 of the training respectively The swim distance covered by the model group was significantly (p<0.01) reduced compared to the control [241.33 + 56.26] cm Vs [383.41 + 84.26] cm respectively. The swim distance covered by the rats in reference standard group was 296.79 + 53.85cm. Rats administered with ZTW (1600, 3200 and 6400) mg /kg body weight covered 312.53 +
Fig. 1.B: Swimming Distance in the target quadrant in 60 seconds probe trial (no platform). Rats in all ZTW groups highly significantly (p<0.01) respectively longer distance within the target quadrat compared to the model. On the 5™ day, the platform was removed and learning and memory test was carried out as previously done. The average time spent by rats in the model group was 14.37 + 0.6 sec. while the control group spent 25.80 + 1.78 sec. The HDG group spent 20.02 + 1.79 sec on the average. The time spent by rats that received graded doses of ZTW (1600, 3200, 6400) mg/kg, were 19.61 + 2.53s, 24.08 + 2.48s and 23.91 + 2.51s respectively(Fig. 1C). The lesion
Fig. 1.B: Swimming Distance in the target quadrant in 60 seconds probe trial (no platform). Rats in all ZTW groups highly significantly (p<0.01) respectively longer distance within the target quadrat compared to the model. On the 5™ day, the platform was removed and learning and memory test was carried out as previously done. The average time spent by rats in the model group was 14.37 + 0.6 sec. while the control group spent 25.80 + 1.78 sec. The HDG group spent 20.02 + 1.79 sec on the average. The time spent by rats that received graded doses of ZTW (1600, 3200, 6400) mg/kg, were 19.61 + 2.53s, 24.08 + 2.48s and 23.91 + 2.51s respectively(Fig. 1C). The lesion
ion Fig. 2A: Pial Strip-induced lesion significantly increased the levels of MDA in the model group compared to ZTW 3200mg/kg group (p<0.05); and ZTW 6400mg/kg (p<0.01) respectively reduced the content of MDA after 36 days of ZTW administration post-surgery.
ion Fig. 2A: Pial Strip-induced lesion significantly increased the levels of MDA in the model group compared to ZTW 3200mg/kg group (p<0.05); and ZTW 6400mg/kg (p<0.01) respectively reduced the content of MDA after 36 days of ZTW administration post-surgery.
Journal of Phytomedicine and Therapeutic 2016; 1(2): 65 -77
Journal of Phytomedicine and Therapeutic 2016; 1(2): 65 -77
Fig. 2B: Pial Strip-induced lesion significantly increased the NO contents in the modelgroup. ZTW 1600, 3200, and 6400mg/kg significantly reduced NO contents after 36 days of treatment post-surgery compared to the model group (p<0.01) respectively. in detecting senescence and memory disorders in clinical setting [20, 21] . In Morris water maze test, the platform trial detects rat learning acquisition. In doing this, the rats use many approaches like circling the tank at a certain distance from the edge, to locate the platform and form memory by way of repeated training .The trial probe that tests the rat memory status and it is a more reliable measurement of the accuracy of memory. Pial strip produces direct lesion and insult on ag sy am ag . , ae 7 sag The results showed that the Pial strip which involved removal of the pial matter, dura matter and the meninges produced lesion specifically at the hippocampus region of the rats brain ,thereby causing deficits in cognitive and behavioural functions in the rats [2, 7, 11, 13]. Post-treatment with ZTW improved lesion-induced learning and memory deficits in the water maze (Figs.1A, 1B, and 1C), an effective method used in studying cognitive and learning disorder in the rodents [5, 1]. Since spatial map is necessary for cognitive task, Morris water maze is similar to nonverbal tests of cognitive function which are sensitive
Fig. 2B: Pial Strip-induced lesion significantly increased the NO contents in the modelgroup. ZTW 1600, 3200, and 6400mg/kg significantly reduced NO contents after 36 days of treatment post-surgery compared to the model group (p<0.01) respectively. in detecting senescence and memory disorders in clinical setting [20, 21] . In Morris water maze test, the platform trial detects rat learning acquisition. In doing this, the rats use many approaches like circling the tank at a certain distance from the edge, to locate the platform and form memory by way of repeated training .The trial probe that tests the rat memory status and it is a more reliable measurement of the accuracy of memory. Pial strip produces direct lesion and insult on ag sy am ag . , ae 7 sag The results showed that the Pial strip which involved removal of the pial matter, dura matter and the meninges produced lesion specifically at the hippocampus region of the rats brain ,thereby causing deficits in cognitive and behavioural functions in the rats [2, 7, 11, 13]. Post-treatment with ZTW improved lesion-induced learning and memory deficits in the water maze (Figs.1A, 1B, and 1C), an effective method used in studying cognitive and learning disorder in the rodents [5, 1]. Since spatial map is necessary for cognitive task, Morris water maze is similar to nonverbal tests of cognitive function which are sensitive
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