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The great distance of Peru from the main source areas of international tourism (Europe 10,000 km), USA Asia, the high fares of intercontinental flights, and the long flight times are a major obstacle to the development o: tourism. International flight schedules exist with all Latin-American countries and with Costa Rica, Dominicar Republic, El Salvador and Cuba. 10 US cities offer direct flights to Peru. There is only one connection to Canad: (Toronto). Europe is connected via France, Great Britain, the Netherlands and Spain (Mincetur, 2016).

Table 5 The great distance of Peru from the main source areas of international tourism (Europe 10,000 km), USA Asia, the high fares of intercontinental flights, and the long flight times are a major obstacle to the development o: tourism. International flight schedules exist with all Latin-American countries and with Costa Rica, Dominicar Republic, El Salvador and Cuba. 10 US cities offer direct flights to Peru. There is only one connection to Canad: (Toronto). Europe is connected via France, Great Britain, the Netherlands and Spain (Mincetur, 2016).

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With 3.3% economic growth, Peru topped Latin American countries in 2015: Colombia 3.1%, Mexico 2.5%, Brazil -3.8%, Venezuela -10%) (IMF). Peru also recorded the lowest inflation rate of those countries and the highest rate of investment. Government debt as a percentage of GDP fell from 47% in 2003 to 25.4% in 2017. In the period 2005-2011, Peru had an average GDP growth of 6.7% and from 2012-2016 of 4.3%. The GDP per head rose from US$ 2,900 in 2005 to US$ 6,600 2016 (INE).
With 3.3% economic growth, Peru topped Latin American countries in 2015: Colombia 3.1%, Mexico 2.5%, Brazil -3.8%, Venezuela -10%) (IMF). Peru also recorded the lowest inflation rate of those countries and the highest rate of investment. Government debt as a percentage of GDP fell from 47% in 2003 to 25.4% in 2017. In the period 2005-2011, Peru had an average GDP growth of 6.7% and from 2012-2016 of 4.3%. The GDP per head rose from US$ 2,900 in 2005 to US$ 6,600 2016 (INE).
Since the end of the armed internal conflict against the terrorist organizations in 2001, the Peruvian econot and in particular tourism have experienced stable economic growth, with annual GDP growth rates of up to 10 (NED). It almost quadrupled from 2001 to 2015 from 0,94 million to 3,456 million, and nearly tripled from 2004 2016. The growth was almost eightfold NEI) from 1995 to 2016. Peru has been discovered as a unique tra‘ destination. TV documentaries and travelogues, especially Machu Picchu and Cusco, and international tour operate have made Peru known worldwide as "longing travel country." International tourists = foreign tourists + Peruvians living abroad. Source: Sunerintendencia Nacinnal de Miocracinnes
Since the end of the armed internal conflict against the terrorist organizations in 2001, the Peruvian econot and in particular tourism have experienced stable economic growth, with annual GDP growth rates of up to 10 (NED). It almost quadrupled from 2001 to 2015 from 0,94 million to 3,456 million, and nearly tripled from 2004 2016. The growth was almost eightfold NEI) from 1995 to 2016. Peru has been discovered as a unique tra‘ destination. TV documentaries and travelogues, especially Machu Picchu and Cusco, and international tour operate have made Peru known worldwide as "longing travel country." International tourists = foreign tourists + Peruvians living abroad. Source: Sunerintendencia Nacinnal de Miocracinnes
Arrivals of international tourists have increased by an average of 8% annually - by 42% from 2011 to 2016 - ind tourism-induced foreign exchange revenues over the same period by 57.2%, an average of 9% per year, to US $ +574 million 2017 (NEI; Superintendencia Nacional de Migraciones; Promperu, 2017). In 2017, 4,032.339 foreigr ourists visited Peru. An increase of 7.7% compared to 2016 and 186% since 2004. The ambitious strategy of the wuthorities aims to increase the number of international tourists to 7 million by 2021 (Mincetur, 2015). Source: Superintendencia Nacional de Migraciones; Banco Central de Reserva del Peru
Arrivals of international tourists have increased by an average of 8% annually - by 42% from 2011 to 2016 - ind tourism-induced foreign exchange revenues over the same period by 57.2%, an average of 9% per year, to US $ +574 million 2017 (NEI; Superintendencia Nacional de Migraciones; Promperu, 2017). In 2017, 4,032.339 foreigr ourists visited Peru. An increase of 7.7% compared to 2016 and 186% since 2004. The ambitious strategy of the wuthorities aims to increase the number of international tourists to 7 million by 2021 (Mincetur, 2015). Source: Superintendencia Nacional de Migraciones; Banco Central de Reserva del Peru
Tourism has become a powerful sector for diversifying the economy and creating jobs. Tourism has positiv effects not only on the leisure industry in general, but it could also lead to fundamental changes in the country’ economic structure (UNWTO, 2018).
Tourism has become a powerful sector for diversifying the economy and creating jobs. Tourism has positiv effects not only on the leisure industry in general, but it could also lead to fundamental changes in the country’ economic structure (UNWTO, 2018).
Figure 4: Accommodation facilities 2004 - 2016 in 1000 Since the introduction of the market economy and in response to the increasing number of tourists in recent lecades, major investments have been made to expand the accommodation capacity (Fig. 4).
Figure 4: Accommodation facilities 2004 - 2016 in 1000 Since the introduction of the market economy and in response to the increasing number of tourists in recent lecades, major investments have been made to expand the accommodation capacity (Fig. 4).
International hotel chains play an important role in the development of quality tourism. Peru has 18 international and 2 national hotel chains. They cover the upmarket sector of tourist demand through their branding. Most are in Lima and Cusco (Mincetur, 2016).
International hotel chains play an important role in the development of quality tourism. Peru has 18 international and 2 national hotel chains. They cover the upmarket sector of tourist demand through their branding. Most are in Lima and Cusco (Mincetur, 2016).
Many studies have shown the poorly developed transport infrastructure to be a limiting factor in the spatiz expansion of the tourism industry. This is particularly true of Peru. Travelling is time consuming, tedious and unsafe Peru is inadequately equipped with all-weather roads. In 2014, only 13.2% of roads were asphalt roads, while 72.8” were still dirt roads (NEI, 2015) and are often non-navigable or interrupted for a longer period of time after rainfal especially in El Nifio or heavy rain events (as in 2017).
Many studies have shown the poorly developed transport infrastructure to be a limiting factor in the spatiz expansion of the tourism industry. This is particularly true of Peru. Travelling is time consuming, tedious and unsafe Peru is inadequately equipped with all-weather roads. In 2014, only 13.2% of roads were asphalt roads, while 72.8” were still dirt roads (NEI, 2015) and are often non-navigable or interrupted for a longer period of time after rainfal especially in El Nifio or heavy rain events (as in 2017).
Figure 5: Regional distribution of accommodation facilities
Figure 5: Regional distribution of accommodation facilities
Source: Prompert, 2017A, p. 34 (PT = Package tourists, IT = Individual tourists) Peru travellers are young. 64% were under 35, 46% older than 34 years, 46% were university graduates and 22% had a postgraduate degree (Promperu, 2017A, p. 30). Package tourists had the broadest range in terms of household income. On the other hand, 70% of individual tourists had a household income of less than US$ 40,000.
Source: Prompert, 2017A, p. 34 (PT = Package tourists, IT = Individual tourists) Peru travellers are young. 64% were under 35, 46% older than 34 years, 46% were university graduates and 22% had a postgraduate degree (Promperu, 2017A, p. 30). Package tourists had the broadest range in terms of household income. On the other hand, 70% of individual tourists had a household income of less than US$ 40,000.
8 Indoor tourism on the upswing
8 Indoor tourism on the upswing
The distribution of international tourists is highly concentrated in a few regions.
The distribution of international tourists is highly concentrated in a few regions.
In 2016, 3,3 million tourists were counted, including 1,98 million international tourists and 1,23 million Peruvians. Since 2004, the number of international tourists has almost tripled and that of Peruvian tourists has more than quadrupled. The Cusco region always has season! Peruvian tourists come all year round, international tourists especially from May to October. Reasons are the better weather, the main holiday periods especially in Europe and the trips offered by international tour operators. In addition to Lima, most accommodation facilities are in the Cusco region. Of these, 92 are in category 3-5*. However, 93.4% are 0-2* facilities (Table 12). Further hotels are planned or under construction.
In 2016, 3,3 million tourists were counted, including 1,98 million international tourists and 1,23 million Peruvians. Since 2004, the number of international tourists has almost tripled and that of Peruvian tourists has more than quadrupled. The Cusco region always has season! Peruvian tourists come all year round, international tourists especially from May to October. Reasons are the better weather, the main holiday periods especially in Europe and the trips offered by international tour operators. In addition to Lima, most accommodation facilities are in the Cusco region. Of these, 92 are in category 3-5*. However, 93.4% are 0-2* facilities (Table 12). Further hotels are planned or under construction.
Up to 6,000 people visit the remote ancient Inca city every day (Emmott, 2003; Leffel, 2005; UNEP, 2008; Mincetur, 2012A). In 2017, 1,4 million people visited Machu Picchu (average per day 3,900), a quadruple since 2000 (Fig. 8) and the increasing pressure on Machu Picchu will not ease (UNEP, 2008). At the urging of UNESCO, the Peruvian state has introduced new visiting times and a restriction of the number of visitors. Since 2019, admission is only granted for two groups between 6:00 am to 12:00 pm and 12:00 pm to 5:30 pm with a limit of visitors per hour and a maximum length of stay for four hours. In addition, tourists can visit Machu Picchu with one guide only. (Ticket price per person 2018 152 Soles (US$ 45)).
Up to 6,000 people visit the remote ancient Inca city every day (Emmott, 2003; Leffel, 2005; UNEP, 2008; Mincetur, 2012A). In 2017, 1,4 million people visited Machu Picchu (average per day 3,900), a quadruple since 2000 (Fig. 8) and the increasing pressure on Machu Picchu will not ease (UNEP, 2008). At the urging of UNESCO, the Peruvian state has introduced new visiting times and a restriction of the number of visitors. Since 2019, admission is only granted for two groups between 6:00 am to 12:00 pm and 12:00 pm to 5:30 pm with a limit of visitors per hour and a maximum length of stay for four hours. In addition, tourists can visit Machu Picchu with one guide only. (Ticket price per person 2018 152 Soles (US$ 45)).
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Tourism and Hospitality Management
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