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Table 2: Geometrical analyses of the three culminations of Rumaila oilfield. The analyses depict the attitudes of the western and eastern limbs of the anticline, the interlimb angle, and the azimuth or the trend of the fold axis.

Table 2 Geometrical analyses of the three culminations of Rumaila oilfield. The analyses depict the attitudes of the western and eastern limbs of the anticline, the interlimb angle, and the azimuth or the trend of the fold axis.

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Figure 1:The tectonic division of Iraq modified from Fouad (2010), Fouad and Sissakian (2011), and Sissakiar et al. (2017). 1 Shalair Terrance; 2 Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt; 3 Mesopotamia Plain; 4 Al-Jazira Plain; 3 and 4 Mesopotamia Foredeep; 2, 3, and 4 Outer Unstable Platform; 5 Inner Stable Platform. Green rectangle representsboundaries of Figure 2. Stress Regime of Rumaila Oilfield in Southern Iraq from Borehole Breakouts
Figure 1:The tectonic division of Iraq modified from Fouad (2010), Fouad and Sissakian (2011), and Sissakiar et al. (2017). 1 Shalair Terrance; 2 Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt; 3 Mesopotamia Plain; 4 Al-Jazira Plain; 3 and 4 Mesopotamia Foredeep; 2, 3, and 4 Outer Unstable Platform; 5 Inner Stable Platform. Green rectangle representsboundaries of Figure 2. Stress Regime of Rumaila Oilfield in Southern Iraq from Borehole Breakouts
Figure 2:Location of Rumaila oilfield and nearby surroundingoilfieldswithin the Zubair Subzone. The red broken lines are transversal faults and the black broken lines are longitudinal faults that are usually parallel to the fold axes of the subsurface anticlines(Jaffar, 2018).
Figure 2:Location of Rumaila oilfield and nearby surroundingoilfieldswithin the Zubair Subzone. The red broken lines are transversal faults and the black broken lines are longitudinal faults that are usually parallel to the fold axes of the subsurface anticlines(Jaffar, 2018).
Figure 3: Stress map for Iragand surrounding regions plotted by the website of the World Stress Map. All data within the region are derived from the focal mechanism solutions with a few exceptions that derived from the borehole breakoutsand can be seen at southeastern borders of Iraq with Iran. There is no stress data in southern Traq.
Figure 3: Stress map for Iragand surrounding regions plotted by the website of the World Stress Map. All data within the region are derived from the focal mechanism solutions with a few exceptions that derived from the borehole breakoutsand can be seen at southeastern borders of Iraq with Iran. There is no stress data in southern Traq.
Figure 4: Stratigraphic column in Rumailaoilfield(Owen and Nasr, 1958).
Figure 4: Stratigraphic column in Rumailaoilfield(Owen and Nasr, 1958).
As it was mentioned earlier, three main basement faults within Rumaila oilfield inferred from both gravity and seismic section (Figure 5). These faults arethe Takhadid-Qurna, Hammar, and Basrah-Zubair Faults. The North Rumaila culmination is located between the Takhadid-Qurna and the Hammar Faults, while the South Rumaila culmination is located between the Hammar and Basrah-Zubair Faults. In the other words, the Hammar Fault separates the North culmination from the South culmination (Figure 2). These three faults are part of the Transversal Fault Systems in Iraq that may have formed in Late Precambrian times and were reactivated from Late Jurassic times. The transversal faults in Iraq significantly affect the subsurface structure, especially on the top of the Precambrian basement (Jassim and Goff, 2006). Figure 5: Basement faults in the Zubair subzone shownfaults across Rumaila oilfield. The left panel is a gravity map after (Jassim and Goff, 2006). The right panel is a seismic map. A Takhadid-Qurna Fault, BHammar Fault, and C Basrah-Zubair Fault.
As it was mentioned earlier, three main basement faults within Rumaila oilfield inferred from both gravity and seismic section (Figure 5). These faults arethe Takhadid-Qurna, Hammar, and Basrah-Zubair Faults. The North Rumaila culmination is located between the Takhadid-Qurna and the Hammar Faults, while the South Rumaila culmination is located between the Hammar and Basrah-Zubair Faults. In the other words, the Hammar Fault separates the North culmination from the South culmination (Figure 2). These three faults are part of the Transversal Fault Systems in Iraq that may have formed in Late Precambrian times and were reactivated from Late Jurassic times. The transversal faults in Iraq significantly affect the subsurface structure, especially on the top of the Precambrian basement (Jassim and Goff, 2006). Figure 5: Basement faults in the Zubair subzone shownfaults across Rumaila oilfield. The left panel is a gravity map after (Jassim and Goff, 2006). The right panel is a seismic map. A Takhadid-Qurna Fault, BHammar Fault, and C Basrah-Zubair Fault.
Table 3: Wells used for stress analyses showing breakouts direction (azimuth) within the Mishrif Formation.
Table 3: Wells used for stress analyses showing breakouts direction (azimuth) within the Mishrif Formation.
Figure 6: Stress map from borehole image logs. The left panel is the location of wells that used in this study plotted on the Mishrif structural contour map. The middle panel is the borehole breakouts directionsderived from image logs interpretations.The right panel is the maximum horizontal stress Symax affecting Rumaila oilfield (red arrows). Stress Regime of Rumaila Oilfield in Southern Iraq from Borehole Breakouts
Figure 6: Stress map from borehole image logs. The left panel is the location of wells that used in this study plotted on the Mishrif structural contour map. The middle panel is the borehole breakouts directionsderived from image logs interpretations.The right panel is the maximum horizontal stress Symax affecting Rumaila oilfield (red arrows). Stress Regime of Rumaila Oilfield in Southern Iraq from Borehole Breakouts
Figure 7:Image logs from well Ru-431 shows vertical black smears due to borehole enlargements (breakouts)(ROO, 2014). Stress regime within Rumaila oilfield
Figure 7:Image logs from well Ru-431 shows vertical black smears due to borehole enlargements (breakouts)(ROO, 2014). Stress regime within Rumaila oilfield
Figure 8:Anderson fault types. For normal faults, the vertical stress is the largest principal stress. For strike-slif faults, the vertical stress is the intermediate principal stress. For the thrust faults, the vertical stress is the smallest principal stress(Heidbachet al., 2016). Maximum horizontal stress axis (Symax), the Minimum horizontal stress axis (Spmin), and the Vertical stress axis (Sy).
Figure 8:Anderson fault types. For normal faults, the vertical stress is the largest principal stress. For strike-slif faults, the vertical stress is the intermediate principal stress. For the thrust faults, the vertical stress is the smallest principal stress(Heidbachet al., 2016). Maximum horizontal stress axis (Symax), the Minimum horizontal stress axis (Spmin), and the Vertical stress axis (Sy).
Figure 9:The differences between the theoretical and calculated Symax. The upper panel shows that the North Rumaila Spmax axis deviated by 7° from the theoretical Symax. The lower panel shows the South Rumaila Spimax axis deviated by 10° from the theoretical Symax axis. These differences are due to the anticlockwise rotation of the Arabian plate. Stress Regime of Rumaila Oilfield in Southern Iraq from Borehole Breakouts
Figure 9:The differences between the theoretical and calculated Symax. The upper panel shows that the North Rumaila Spmax axis deviated by 7° from the theoretical Symax. The lower panel shows the South Rumaila Spimax axis deviated by 10° from the theoretical Symax axis. These differences are due to the anticlockwise rotation of the Arabian plate. Stress Regime of Rumaila Oilfield in Southern Iraq from Borehole Breakouts
Stress Regime of Rumaila Oilfield in Southern Iraq from Borehole Breakouts Figure 10: Rumaila oilfield stress (Red breakouts) on the World Stress Map and nearby stress regime from Azadeganoilfield in Iran.
Stress Regime of Rumaila Oilfield in Southern Iraq from Borehole Breakouts Figure 10: Rumaila oilfield stress (Red breakouts) on the World Stress Map and nearby stress regime from Azadeganoilfield in Iran.
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