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Figure 1. Distribution of catarrhine primate fossil occurrences in China during the Pleistocene. Localities for Hominidae include archaeological occurrences. The numbers enclosed in parentheses followiiig the Family name indicate the total number of locality occurrences for that Family for that subepoch: (a) Early Pleistocene; (b) Middle Pleistocene; and (c) Late Pleistocene. The boundary dates adopted for the subdivision of the Pleistocene were: Early Pleistocene: 2:5 Ma~780 ka; Middle Pleistocene: 780-128 ka; and Late Pleistocene: 128-11 ka. The genera included within the catarrhine families were as follows: Pongidae=Pongo and Gigantopithecus; Hylobatidae=Hylobates; Cercopithecidae=Procynocephalus, Macaca, Rhinopithecus, Trachypithecus and Pygathrix; Hominidae= Homo.

Figure 1 Distribution of catarrhine primate fossil occurrences in China during the Pleistocene. Localities for Hominidae include archaeological occurrences. The numbers enclosed in parentheses followiiig the Family name indicate the total number of locality occurrences for that Family for that subepoch: (a) Early Pleistocene; (b) Middle Pleistocene; and (c) Late Pleistocene. The boundary dates adopted for the subdivision of the Pleistocene were: Early Pleistocene: 2:5 Ma~780 ka; Middle Pleistocene: 780-128 ka; and Late Pleistocene: 128-11 ka. The genera included within the catarrhine families were as follows: Pongidae=Pongo and Gigantopithecus; Hylobatidae=Hylobates; Cercopithecidae=Procynocephalus, Macaca, Rhinopithecus, Trachypithecus and Pygathrix; Hominidae= Homo.

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other mammals. In the Early Pleistocene, the strongest spatial associations between Homo and other genera were with Macaca, Hyaena and Ursus, while the strongest evidence of segregation was seen relative to Mammathus, Pongo, Panthera and Bos (Table 4). By the Middle Pleistocene, the genus Canis was most positively associated with Homo, followed by Felts and Macaca. The strongest spatial segregation was The spatial response of hominids to the environmental changes of the Late Pleistocene motivated us to pursue the ques- tion of whether the patterns of association of hominids with other elements of the medium to large-sized mammalian fauna might also have changed through the Pleis- tocene. These associations revealed what appear to be significant changes in patterns of spatial association between hominids and
other mammals. In the Early Pleistocene, the strongest spatial associations between Homo and other genera were with Macaca, Hyaena and Ursus, while the strongest evidence of segregation was seen relative to Mammathus, Pongo, Panthera and Bos (Table 4). By the Middle Pleistocene, the genus Canis was most positively associated with Homo, followed by Felts and Macaca. The strongest spatial segregation was The spatial response of hominids to the environmental changes of the Late Pleistocene motivated us to pursue the ques- tion of whether the patterns of association of hominids with other elements of the medium to large-sized mammalian fauna might also have changed through the Pleis- tocene. These associations revealed what appear to be significant changes in patterns of spatial association between hominids and
Figure 1. (Continued)
Figure 1. (Continued)
Table 2 Results of nearest neighbor index (R) cluster analyses Table 3 Examination of the significance of the change of distribution for the four Asian catarrhine families from the Early to Middle Pleistocene and from the Middle to Late Pleistocene using chi-square nearest neighbor and coefficient of spatial association analyses*
Table 2 Results of nearest neighbor index (R) cluster analyses Table 3 Examination of the significance of the change of distribution for the four Asian catarrhine families from the Early to Middle Pleistocene and from the Middle to Late Pleistocene using chi-square nearest neighbor and coefficient of spatial association analyses*
*The chi-square (7) statistic was computed using the Yeats Correction for small sample sizes and the coefficient of spatial association is reported as the transformed coefficient of spatial association (Transformed CoSA). The negative values for the Transformed CoSA in all cases indicate spatial segregation (as opposed to association) between occurrences of individual families from one time period to the next. The degree of segregation identified by the transformed CoSA is indicated by the rank in the far right column: the lowest number shows the least spatial segregation (i.e., the least difference between distributions from one time interval to the next), highest number shows the most.
*The chi-square (7) statistic was computed using the Yeats Correction for small sample sizes and the coefficient of spatial association is reported as the transformed coefficient of spatial association (Transformed CoSA). The negative values for the Transformed CoSA in all cases indicate spatial segregation (as opposed to association) between occurrences of individual families from one time period to the next. The degree of segregation identified by the transformed CoSA is indicated by the rank in the far right column: the lowest number shows the least spatial segregation (i.e., the least difference between distributions from one time interval to the next), highest number shows the most.
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Evolutionary BiologyArchaeologyAnthropologyHuman EvolutionBiological evolutionIntrinsic Rate of Increase
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