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Figure 14: Edge and fog computing framework for the construction.

Figure 14 Edge and fog computing framework for the construction.

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Figure 2: Ingredients of the construction industry. Figure 1: Transformation of the industrial revolution.
Figure 2: Ingredients of the construction industry. Figure 1: Transformation of the industrial revolution.
Figure 3: (a) Prefabricated construction [18]. (b) modular construction using 3D element.
Figure 3: (a) Prefabricated construction [18]. (b) modular construction using 3D element.
Ficure 4: Comparison of modular construction schedule and site build construction schedule.
Ficure 4: Comparison of modular construction schedule and site build construction schedule.
Ficure 6: BIM utilization in a different area of construction.
Ficure 6: BIM utilization in a different area of construction.
Figure 5: Historical development of BIM.
Figure 5: Historical development of BIM.
Figure 7: BIM dimensions (adapted from the work of Smith [26]).
Figure 7: BIM dimensions (adapted from the work of Smith [26]).
Ficure 8: Specific impact of utilizing BIM in the industry.
Ficure 8: Specific impact of utilizing BIM in the industry.
Ficure 9: Percentage utilization of BIM in various fields of the construction industry [33, 34]
Ficure 9: Percentage utilization of BIM in various fields of the construction industry [33, 34]
TABLE 1: A potential area of application of automation in the construction industry. smart helmet, sole power workboot, and site watch are some smart wearables available to utilize for monitoring, per- forming a specific task, and transferring real-time data or information to their colleagues or superiors through connectivity. planning to actual construction as well as postconstruction maintenance and performance of the built environment. Table 2 presents the major concern in the construction industry in the area of productivity, safety, security, and maintenance and they are addressed through IoT. In ad- dition to that, IoT has helped to monitor structural health through sensors by detecting vibrations, cracks, damaged or degraded materials in structural elements, stress, or strains at the critical locations of the structural members.
TABLE 1: A potential area of application of automation in the construction industry. smart helmet, sole power workboot, and site watch are some smart wearables available to utilize for monitoring, per- forming a specific task, and transferring real-time data or information to their colleagues or superiors through connectivity. planning to actual construction as well as postconstruction maintenance and performance of the built environment. Table 2 presents the major concern in the construction industry in the area of productivity, safety, security, and maintenance and they are addressed through IoT. In ad- dition to that, IoT has helped to monitor structural health through sensors by detecting vibrations, cracks, damaged or degraded materials in structural elements, stress, or strains at the critical locations of the structural members.
Figure 10: Percentage utilization of automation in different fields of construction [35].
Figure 10: Percentage utilization of automation in different fields of construction [35].
TABLE 2: IoT for addressing issues in key concern areas.
TABLE 2: IoT for addressing issues in key concern areas.
Figure 11: Summary of % usage of IoT in the construction industry.
Figure 11: Summary of % usage of IoT in the construction industry.
Ficure 12: IoT and RFID in the construction industry.
Ficure 12: IoT and RFID in the construction industry.
Ficure 13: Comparison of VR, AR, and MR.
Ficure 13: Comparison of VR, AR, and MR.
Ficure 15: Big data in the construction industry. through HPC servers helps to produce data in less time thereby improving productivity at a reduced cost. Flexibility in storage capacity allows utilizing the resources as and when required [77] No need to worry about restrictions on available resources, locally. Multitasking is easy, and coor- dination among different project sites is easy and less time- consuming. No need to have high-end IT infrastructure and related personnel to manage your server, locally, at your site, or office. This helps reduce the overburden of managing and maintaining the IT-related services, onsite. Chances of data loss, damage, or theft are eliminated; thereby eliminating disaster at the construction firm. The technology ensures data security, like firewall, authorization to accessibility, data inscription, multilevel storage, intrusion detection, pre- vention system, etc. Big data analytics and cloud computing capabilities, when combined, can give a major boost to the construction industry. Future is heavily relying on this as every industry needs cost-cutting, time-saving, improved efficiency, better decision-making based on data, and in- creasing margin of profit.
Ficure 15: Big data in the construction industry. through HPC servers helps to produce data in less time thereby improving productivity at a reduced cost. Flexibility in storage capacity allows utilizing the resources as and when required [77] No need to worry about restrictions on available resources, locally. Multitasking is easy, and coor- dination among different project sites is easy and less time- consuming. No need to have high-end IT infrastructure and related personnel to manage your server, locally, at your site, or office. This helps reduce the overburden of managing and maintaining the IT-related services, onsite. Chances of data loss, damage, or theft are eliminated; thereby eliminating disaster at the construction firm. The technology ensures data security, like firewall, authorization to accessibility, data inscription, multilevel storage, intrusion detection, pre- vention system, etc. Big data analytics and cloud computing capabilities, when combined, can give a major boost to the construction industry. Future is heavily relying on this as every industry needs cost-cutting, time-saving, improved efficiency, better decision-making based on data, and in- creasing margin of profit.
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