Fig. 1. Single production structure vs complex production structure. Fig. 2. The enterprise organizational architecture. Fig. 3. An object model of the enterprise architecture. Fig. 4. Relations among elements (holons) within a PU. Fig. 6. Inputs-outputs in a PU. Fig. 7. The decision-making cycle (DMC). Fig. 9. An extended object model of the enterprise architecture. Fig. 10. Technical components in a PU. Fig. 11. The automation pyramid. cases, those software packages are already inte- grated and have the facilities to perform the infor- mation exchange. In other cases, the integration process must create software envelopes (wrappers) that allow its integration. Fig. 12. Object model for the integrated system. A class diagram for the automation pyramid is given in Fig. 12. It shows different kinds of appli- cations used for supporting all of the PU activities. The Application class generalizes several types of software applications that support PU activities. These applications may be categorized into three types: Decision, Financial, and Resource manager classes. Examples of these kinds of software that can be considered as financial and resource man- agers applications are EMS and ERP. Specifically, it is worth mentioning SAP and PeopleSoft, which are software packages that support most of the fi- nancial activities of any enterprise. The supports association indicates all of the applications that support a determined PU; many of these applica- tions may be shared by the PUs. Similarly, sup- ports technology association shows the relation- ship between Application and IT classes, which means that a software application can be sup- ported by many kinds of information technologies. An interesting feature presented in Fig. 12 is the relationship among IT, Production unit, and Re- source, where the association class named Con- Fig. 13. Value chain for a water system. G-97000824. The University of Los Andes Re- search Council (CDCHT-ULA) has also provided additional financial support. order to facilitate the implementation description, the production units behavior can also be de- scribed in terms of formal objects oriented tech- niques. The paper has also presented an introduc- tion to the implementation phase taking into consideration elements of the whole system and using common technologies platforms such as SCADA, DBM, and ERP packages. Fig. 15. Applications integrated and to be developed later.
