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FIGURE 5. The multi-superframe structure of DSME MAC mode with extended and reduced CAP. The shaded bars show the CFP consisting of GTSs and the white bars show CAP. (a) DSME multi-superframe with extended CAP. (b) DSME multi-superframe with reduced CAP.

Figure 5 The multi-superframe structure of DSME MAC mode with extended and reduced CAP. The shaded bars show the CFP consisting of GTSs and the white bars show CAP. (a) DSME multi-superframe with extended CAP. (b) DSME multi-superframe with reduced CAP.

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TABLE 7. QoS requirements for smart healthcare (sources: [225]-[227]). health records in the cloud. 6LoWPAN-based real-time health monitoring is proposed in [244]. They tested the performance of ECG monitoring sensor data for remote healthcare using a 6LOWPAN edge router. Doukas and Maglogiannis [245] presented the cloud platform in which sensors are connected to the Internet using 6LOWPAN technology. In [233], they implemented real-time and low-power ECG and EEG Bluetooth based sensors. They introduced the com- pressed sensing method, which saves the battery up to 37.1% more. In [234], the feasibility of applying dual mode Blue- tooth in vital monitoring was analyzed. Authors implemented the ARM CPU based sensors, such as ECG, body temper- ature, and motion sensors. Reference [235] reviewed the available commercial Bluetooth-based healthcare devices in the market, which are composed of sensors such as activ- ity tracking, ECG, EEG, EMG, and glucose monitoring. A BLE-based ECG monitoring using a smartphone is imple- mented in [236], and the result shows that power consump- tion is highly reduced. In addition to reducing power con- sumption, an equally important aspect of using sensors is that the patient is being continuously monitored in both indoor and outdoor locations like their home, hospital, and outside. Elderly patients are penitent when they feel that they are in danger and need to be continuously monitored. Reference [237] proposed a BLE-based indoor positioning system for patients who have Alzheimer.
1) ZIGBEE
1) ZIGBEE
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FIGURE 20. Comparison of major applications based on the number of connected devices in smart cites (source: [250]).
SALEEM RAZA teceived the bachelor’s degree in electronic engineering and the master’s degree in electronic systems engineering from the Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan, in 2006 and 2012, respectively. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Com- munication and Networked Systems Research Group, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany. During his Master studies, he received the Erasmus Mundus Mobility for Life scholarship for a research stay at Aalborg University, Denmark, where he studied subjects on communication and broadcast networks, entrepreneur- ship innovation and business models, and information and communication technologies. His research area mainly focuses on wireless communication, ee y ance ce er rie amantennrecatoc:- anamdl them Vestn nt nwflthinna
SALEEM RAZA teceived the bachelor’s degree in electronic engineering and the master’s degree in electronic systems engineering from the Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan, in 2006 and 2012, respectively. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Com- munication and Networked Systems Research Group, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany. During his Master studies, he received the Erasmus Mundus Mobility for Life scholarship for a research stay at Aalborg University, Denmark, where he studied subjects on communication and broadcast networks, entrepreneur- ship innovation and business models, and information and communication technologies. His research area mainly focuses on wireless communication, ee y ance ce er rie amantennrecatoc:- anamdl them Vestn nt nwflthinna
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