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Fig. 9. The relative selectivity of SPAEEKK membranes at 70°C. (Relative selectivity = selectivity of SPAEEKK membranes/selectivity of Nafion® 117; selectiv- ity = [proton conductivity]/[methanol permeability]). Fig. 8. The FE-STEM images of SPAEEKK and nanocomposite membranes.

Figure 9 The relative selectivity of SPAEEKK membranes at 70°C. (Relative selectivity = selectivity of SPAEEKK membranes/selectivity of Nafion® 117; selectiv- ity = [proton conductivity]/[methanol permeability]). Fig. 8. The FE-STEM images of SPAEEKK and nanocomposite membranes.

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Fig. 1. Chemical structures of (a) polymer electrolyte SPAEEKK (SC 70%) [33];(b) SNP and (b) SA-SNP [35,36] used in this work.
Fig. 1. Chemical structures of (a) polymer electrolyte SPAEEKK (SC 70%) [33];(b) SNP and (b) SA-SNP [35,36] used in this work.
IEC values of SPAEEKK and nanocomposite membranes. * The theoretical values were calculated based on composition. Table 1
IEC values of SPAEEKK and nanocomposite membranes. * The theoretical values were calculated based on composition. Table 1
Fig. 2. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) of SPAEEKK and nanocomposite mem- branes.
Fig. 2. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) of SPAEEKK and nanocomposite mem- branes.
Fig. 4. Fixed ion concentrations of SPAEEKK and nanocomposite membranes.
Fig. 4. Fixed ion concentrations of SPAEEKK and nanocomposite membranes.
Fig. 3. Water and methanol weight uptake measured on SPAEEKK and nanocom- posite membranes.
Fig. 3. Water and methanol weight uptake measured on SPAEEKK and nanocom- posite membranes.
Fig. 5. (a) Methanol and water crossover through SPAEEKK and nanocompos- ite membranes from a pervaporation method; (b) Methanol permeability of SPAEEKK and nanocomposite membranes. Data of other membranes from liter- ature is included for comparison. Membrane A: sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone) [42]; Membrane B: Sulfonated poly[styrene-b-(ethylene-r-butylene)-b- styrene] copolymer [43]; Membrane C [12]: Sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (BPSH) copolymers; Membrane D: sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone ketones) (SPEEK) [44].
Fig. 5. (a) Methanol and water crossover through SPAEEKK and nanocompos- ite membranes from a pervaporation method; (b) Methanol permeability of SPAEEKK and nanocomposite membranes. Data of other membranes from liter- ature is included for comparison. Membrane A: sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone) [42]; Membrane B: Sulfonated poly[styrene-b-(ethylene-r-butylene)-b- styrene] copolymer [43]; Membrane C [12]: Sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (BPSH) copolymers; Membrane D: sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone ketones) (SPEEK) [44].
Fig. 6. The water content and the state of water in SPAEEKK and nanocomposite membranes.
Fig. 6. The water content and the state of water in SPAEEKK and nanocomposite membranes.
Fig. 7. Proton conductivity of the SPAEEKK and nanocomposite membranes at vari- ous temperatures. vide another mechanism to promote the proton conducting through the membrane.
Fig. 7. Proton conductivity of the SPAEEKK and nanocomposite membranes at vari- ous temperatures. vide another mechanism to promote the proton conducting through the membrane.
Fig. 10. The hydrolytic stability of SPAEEKK and nanocomposite membranes evalu- ated by the proton conductivities before and after boiling water test for 8 days. ee ee EE IA IID ED Nee Nace AB IEA ID DADA IE IIE Wholly aromatic PAEEK polymers have relatively good oxidative stability compared to polystyrene derivatives [54]. In this work the
Fig. 10. The hydrolytic stability of SPAEEKK and nanocomposite membranes evalu- ated by the proton conductivities before and after boiling water test for 8 days. ee ee EE IA IID ED Nee Nace AB IEA ID DADA IE IIE Wholly aromatic PAEEK polymers have relatively good oxidative stability compared to polystyrene derivatives [54]. In this work the
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