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Chart 1. The skylights number at 22.5° area Chart 2. The skylights number at 45°area

Figure 4 Chart 1. The skylights number at 22.5° area Chart 2. The skylights number at 45°area

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Fig 1. A. Aqa-Noor Mosque, Isfahan Although domes were begun from the pre-Islamic era, in the Islamic architecture, the dome presence in the mosque architecture began from the Seljuk period (1037- 1194), and during the Timurid (1370-1500) and Safavid dynasties (1501-1736) reached the highest value and continued until the Qajar period (1794-1925); So far, the dome has continued to be an essential part of mosque architecture. Morphologically, in classification, there are three types of mosques, and therefore there are three types of skylight: the domes are surrounded by porches (Figure 1.A), open Ivan that get lights from the courtyards (Figure 1.B) and simple arch dome above the rectangular room (Figure 1.C) [3].
Fig 1. A. Aqa-Noor Mosque, Isfahan Although domes were begun from the pre-Islamic era, in the Islamic architecture, the dome presence in the mosque architecture began from the Seljuk period (1037- 1194), and during the Timurid (1370-1500) and Safavid dynasties (1501-1736) reached the highest value and continued until the Qajar period (1794-1925); So far, the dome has continued to be an essential part of mosque architecture. Morphologically, in classification, there are three types of mosques, and therefore there are three types of skylight: the domes are surrounded by porches (Figure 1.A), open Ivan that get lights from the courtyards (Figure 1.B) and simple arch dome above the rectangular room (Figure 1.C) [3].
Tables 2-1 and 2-2 investigate the domes in terms of the shells number to distinguish and describe the status of skylights in accordance with the shell type. From Table 2- 1, it is stated that with the advancement of dome technology from the Seljuk to Qajar period, the evolution of skylights through domes has been improved as well. Table 2-2 examines two-shell domes. The status of skylights is analyzed in 6 domes of two-shells domes (normal and detached). Among two-shells domes, the dome of the Abbasi Mosque with a dimension of the bottom of 26.30 meters, the height of 52 meters from the surface and 27 meters from the crater and crater approximately 23.50 meters is the most significant dome. To strengthen this wide crater and increasing the number of skylights, the architect considered the thickness of 280 centimeters. This thickness has made it possible to place 8 lighters with an area of 6.50 square meters at 45° areas. In contrast, in the Bersian Jame-mosque, which the thickness has reduced to 90 centimeters, the total area of the skylights has increased to 80 centimeters (2 skylights of 40 centimeters). By Examining the two-shell dome it is stated that:
Tables 2-1 and 2-2 investigate the domes in terms of the shells number to distinguish and describe the status of skylights in accordance with the shell type. From Table 2- 1, it is stated that with the advancement of dome technology from the Seljuk to Qajar period, the evolution of skylights through domes has been improved as well. Table 2-2 examines two-shell domes. The status of skylights is analyzed in 6 domes of two-shells domes (normal and detached). Among two-shells domes, the dome of the Abbasi Mosque with a dimension of the bottom of 26.30 meters, the height of 52 meters from the surface and 27 meters from the crater and crater approximately 23.50 meters is the most significant dome. To strengthen this wide crater and increasing the number of skylights, the architect considered the thickness of 280 centimeters. This thickness has made it possible to place 8 lighters with an area of 6.50 square meters at 45° areas. In contrast, in the Bersian Jame-mosque, which the thickness has reduced to 90 centimeters, the total area of the skylights has increased to 80 centimeters (2 skylights of 40 centimeters). By Examining the two-shell dome it is stated that:
Table 2-2. Position of skylights in two-shell domes based on the construction instruments Table 2-1. Position of skylights in one-shell domes based on the construction instruments
Table 2-2. Position of skylights in two-shell domes based on the construction instruments Table 2-1. Position of skylights in one-shell domes based on the construction instruments
6. RESULTS The thickness has a direct relation to the dimensions of the skylights. For example, the area of 52 meters of skylights in the Abbasi-Jame mosque with a thickness of 280 cm and a 140 cm of skylights in a Lenban mosque with a thickness of 65 cm.
6. RESULTS The thickness has a direct relation to the dimensions of the skylights. For example, the area of 52 meters of skylights in the Abbasi-Jame mosque with a thickness of 280 cm and a 140 cm of skylights in a Lenban mosque with a thickness of 65 cm.
Chart 3. The evolution of dome slope from Seljuk to Qajar era in study samples
Chart 3. The evolution of dome slope from Seljuk to Qajar era in study samples
Fig 2. Right: The meridian and orbital forces in Ashkezar-Jame mosque, Left: Kashan; Division of tensile and compression forces in the arches
Fig 2. Right: The meridian and orbital forces in Ashkezar-Jame mosque, Left: Kashan; Division of tensile and compression forces in the arches
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EngineeringRe-use of Historical StructuresIslamic architectureIslamic Architecture
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