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FIG. 2. Square root of the electron donor (— ) and electron acceptor ( - - ) parameters of the surface free energy of PVC, EVA, and their blends, using DA,, (mb and DA, (C) as calculation methods. Another way to handle the negative (gy)? values would be to consider them as an artefact and simply assume that they should be zero. This treatment was suggested by Good (20) for the handling of very small positive values (in the order of 0.05 mJ m “). This would mean that the donor-acceptor component of all nolymer and blends would vanish. However, in our case, the negative values are not small enough to be considered as zero, nor are they similar enough: (ygy)"? decreases from

Figure 2 Square root of the electron donor (— ) and electron acceptor ( - - ) parameters of the surface free energy of PVC, EVA, and their blends, using DA,, (mb and DA, (C) as calculation methods. Another way to handle the negative (gy)? values would be to consider them as an artefact and simply assume that they should be zero. This treatment was suggested by Good (20) for the handling of very small positive values (in the order of 0.05 mJ m “). This would mean that the donor-acceptor component of all nolymer and blends would vanish. However, in our case, the negative values are not small enough to be considered as zero, nor are they similar enough: (ygy)"? decreases from

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Contact angle (°)* of Standard Liquids on EVA, PVC, and Their Blends * Average value reported with the corresponding standard deviation. > Value measured in the present study. ° From Ref. (23). TABLE 2
Contact angle (°)* of Standard Liquids on EVA, PVC, and Their Blends * Average value reported with the corresponding standard deviation. > Value measured in the present study. ° From Ref. (23). TABLE 2
Surface Tension Components (mN m~') of Standard Liquids Used in This Study, from Ref. (20) * Used to solve Geo,, and Geo, methods. > Used to solve DA,, and DA, methods. ° By convention, from Ref. (22).
Surface Tension Components (mN m~') of Standard Liquids Used in This Study, from Ref. (20) * Used to solve Geo,, and Geo, methods. > Used to solve DA,, and DA, methods. ° By convention, from Ref. (22).
FIG. 1. Total surface free energy of PVC, EVA, and their blends, using Geo,, (@), Geo, (O), DA,, considering (yg,)"? > 0 (a), DA, considering (yéyv)"? > 0 (A), DA,, considering (yé,)"? < 0 (Mp, and DA, considering (yéy)"? < 0 (C) as calculation methods. Della Volpe and Siboni (23) have highlighted that the choice of the liquid triplet was very important for the consistency of results in the donor-acceptor approach. Therefore, to check whether the negative square root problem that we encountered was not an artefact due to the test liquids chosen (the com- monly used water/glycerol/diiodomethane), we have solved the DA, approach with all the possible liquid triplets (Annex 4). We have found that negative square roots arose regardless the triplet chosen, which confirms this anomaly. We should also
FIG. 1. Total surface free energy of PVC, EVA, and their blends, using Geo,, (@), Geo, (O), DA,, considering (yg,)"? > 0 (a), DA, considering (yéyv)"? > 0 (A), DA,, considering (yé,)"? < 0 (Mp, and DA, considering (yéy)"? < 0 (C) as calculation methods. Della Volpe and Siboni (23) have highlighted that the choice of the liquid triplet was very important for the consistency of results in the donor-acceptor approach. Therefore, to check whether the negative square root problem that we encountered was not an artefact due to the test liquids chosen (the com- monly used water/glycerol/diiodomethane), we have solved the DA, approach with all the possible liquid triplets (Annex 4). We have found that negative square roots arose regardless the triplet chosen, which confirms this anomaly. We should also
Surface Free Energy of PVC, Its Apolar (Dispersive/Lifshitz- van der Waals) Component and A polarity Fraction (x? = y4y/ysy; xtW = y&W/yoy), According to Different Calculation Methods, Compared with Literature Values TABLE 3
Surface Free Energy of PVC, Its Apolar (Dispersive/Lifshitz- van der Waals) Component and A polarity Fraction (x? = y4y/ysy; xtW = y&W/yoy), According to Different Calculation Methods, Compared with Literature Values TABLE 3
FIG. 3. Apolar surface free energy component of PVC, EVA, and their blends, using Geo,, (@), Geo, (O), DA, (A), and DA, (A) as calculation methods. We can also observe a greater difference between Geo,, and Geo, methods than between DA, and DAs With the donor- acceptor methods DA,,, or DA,, both Yev W and yey have similar values (Figs. 3 and 4). Therefore, the total surface free energy
FIG. 3. Apolar surface free energy component of PVC, EVA, and their blends, using Geo,, (@), Geo, (O), DA, (A), and DA, (A) as calculation methods. We can also observe a greater difference between Geo,, and Geo, methods than between DA, and DAs With the donor- acceptor methods DA,,, or DA,, both Yev W and yey have similar values (Figs. 3 and 4). Therefore, the total surface free energy
Nondispersive and Donor- Acceptor Surface Free Energy Components (mJ m~7) of PVC According to Different Calculation Methods, Compared with Literature Values TABLE 4
Nondispersive and Donor- Acceptor Surface Free Energy Components (mJ m~7) of PVC According to Different Calculation Methods, Compared with Literature Values TABLE 4
FIG.4. Nondispersive/donor- acceptor surface free energy components of PVC, EVA, and their blends, using Geo,, (@), Geo, (OC), DA, considering (yey)? > 0 (a), DA, considering (yg,,)"? > 0 (A), DA,, considering (yg,)"” < 0 (mp, and DA, considering (yg) < 0 (C) as calculation methods. Solid Apolarity
FIG.4. Nondispersive/donor- acceptor surface free energy components of PVC, EVA, and their blends, using Geo,, (@), Geo, (OC), DA, considering (yey)? > 0 (a), DA, considering (yg,,)"? > 0 (A), DA,, considering (yg,)"” < 0 (mp, and DA, considering (yg) < 0 (C) as calculation methods. Solid Apolarity
FIG. 5. Plot used to determine EVA (—LI—) and PVC (:::O--:-) surface free energy components with the Geo,, calculation method.
FIG. 5. Plot used to determine EVA (—LI—) and PVC (:::O--:-) surface free energy components with the Geo,, calculation method.
FIG. 6. Apolarity fraction of PVC, EVA, and their blends, using Geo,, (@), Geo, (©), DA,, considering (yg) > 0 (a), and DA, considering (yey)? > 0 (A) as calculation methods.
FIG. 6. Apolarity fraction of PVC, EVA, and their blends, using Geo,, (@), Geo, (©), DA,, considering (yg) > 0 (a), and DA, considering (yey)? > 0 (A) as calculation methods.
Nondispersive and Electron Donor- Electron Acceptor Surface Free Energy Components (mJ m~2) of PVC + EVA Blends According to Different Calculation Methods
Nondispersive and Electron Donor- Electron Acceptor Surface Free Energy Components (mJ m~2) of PVC + EVA Blends According to Different Calculation Methods
Surface Free Energy (mJ m~7) of PVC + EVA Blends According to Different Calculation Methods
Surface Free Energy (mJ m~7) of PVC + EVA Blends According to Different Calculation Methods
Related topics:
EngineeringPolymer BlendsColloid and Interface ChemistryPolymer BlendSurface free energy
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