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Figure 6: MIPS EFM Time Series. The gravity wave passage is denoted by the red line and gust front passage by the blue line. The neutral line is the black line across the time height series. Positive charge is above that line, and negative below it. Ine bow echo core between Vo4o and V/V UTC is depicted by large values of 915 SNR in Fig 4a, and high values of ceilometer backscatter in Fig. 5. A low-level updraft of about 10 m s-1, confined to below 2.5 km, accompanied the sharp gust front sampled near 0638 UTC. A clear signature of the gust front passage is revealed in the surface measurements (Fig. 7), which reveals sharp wind shift and temperature drop. The The microwave profiling radiometer (MPR) data, shown in Fig. 8, depict relative variations in

Figure 6 MIPS EFM Time Series. The gravity wave passage is denoted by the red line and gust front passage by the blue line. The neutral line is the black line across the time height series. Positive charge is above that line, and negative below it. Ine bow echo core between Vo4o and V/V UTC is depicted by large values of 915 SNR in Fig 4a, and high values of ceilometer backscatter in Fig. 5. A low-level updraft of about 10 m s-1, confined to below 2.5 km, accompanied the sharp gust front sampled near 0638 UTC. A clear signature of the gust front passage is revealed in the surface measurements (Fig. 7), which reveals sharp wind shift and temperature drop. The The microwave profiling radiometer (MPR) data, shown in Fig. 8, depict relative variations in

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Figure 1: MGLASS1 Sounding from 0450 UTC. The surface based parcel has been added (black). The anvil level is located at approximately 400 mb. Figure 1 displays a skew-T plot from MGLASS1 at 0450 UTC. This sounding was launched about two hours before arrival over the MIPS and one hour before passing over the MGLASS‘1 location. A shallow mixed layer extends from the surface to 925 hPa. Above this, a moist adiabatic layer is capped by a stable layer centered near 800 hPa. The MCS anvil cloud base is apparent near 400 hPa, and precipitation evaporation is suggested from anvil base to about 470 hPa. Although this is not a full tropospheric sounding, we estimate the CAPE value to be about 3000 J kg". The lifted index for a surface-based parcel is appreciable at about -10 °C. Veering and speed shear is most significant below 850 hPa. Middle tropospheric flow is uniform southwesterly near 25-30 m s', and overlies a low level jet of 25ms_, centered near 1 km AGL.
Figure 1: MGLASS1 Sounding from 0450 UTC. The surface based parcel has been added (black). The anvil level is located at approximately 400 mb. Figure 1 displays a skew-T plot from MGLASS1 at 0450 UTC. This sounding was launched about two hours before arrival over the MIPS and one hour before passing over the MGLASS‘1 location. A shallow mixed layer extends from the surface to 925 hPa. Above this, a moist adiabatic layer is capped by a stable layer centered near 800 hPa. The MCS anvil cloud base is apparent near 400 hPa, and precipitation evaporation is suggested from anvil base to about 470 hPa. Although this is not a full tropospheric sounding, we estimate the CAPE value to be about 3000 J kg". The lifted index for a surface-based parcel is appreciable at about -10 °C. Veering and speed shear is most significant below 850 hPa. Middle tropospheric flow is uniform southwesterly near 25-30 m s', and overlies a low level jet of 25ms_, centered near 1 km AGL.
Figure 4: MIPS 915 MHz SNR and Vertical Velocity Fig. 2 presents a sequence of radar reflectivity images from the DMX WSR-88D for a 2-h period around the time of passage over the MIPS. The mesoscale organization of the MCS changed significantly over this period, from an orientation of west to east at 0446 UTC, to southwest to northeast by 0646 UTC. The initial bulge in the bow echo appeared around 0616 UTC and he MGLASS1 sounding is also i jisible as enhanced return power 0 = SNR) from the 915 MHz profiler, shown in time-height section ormat in Fig. 4. A ayers of enhanced ocated near 1.5, 2.0 =nhanced SNR over cm was produced 0520 UTC, SNR _ are and 3.5 km. the lowest 1 by Rayleigh scatter from insects. The layer at 2 cm corresponds to vear =800 3=6hPa he inversion (MGLASS1 sounding) and was produced by Bragg scatter. Thi ayer moved upward 0 2.5-3.0 km by 0540, suggestin hat the environment changed rapidly in advance of th dow echo. By 0615 UTC, a deeper layer of enhance SNR (indicative of shallow convective structures) ha Jeveloped within the 2.5-4.0 km layer, suggesting liftin and associated desta »f the bow echo. This bilization immediately in advanc' destabilization shown by the SNI san be correlated to an increase in the verticall ntegrated vapor (VINT), and vertical integrated liqui LINT) measured by the MPR for the same time perio figure 7). For this time period the VINT increased b approximately 0.6 cm, as well as the LINT showin ncreases of approx imately 1 mm as the shallo\ mrieek seine ose ielmxwelanewl wbkemaedl wE dbus «5svrmbsencoes i.
Figure 4: MIPS 915 MHz SNR and Vertical Velocity Fig. 2 presents a sequence of radar reflectivity images from the DMX WSR-88D for a 2-h period around the time of passage over the MIPS. The mesoscale organization of the MCS changed significantly over this period, from an orientation of west to east at 0446 UTC, to southwest to northeast by 0646 UTC. The initial bulge in the bow echo appeared around 0616 UTC and he MGLASS1 sounding is also i jisible as enhanced return power 0 = SNR) from the 915 MHz profiler, shown in time-height section ormat in Fig. 4. A ayers of enhanced ocated near 1.5, 2.0 =nhanced SNR over cm was produced 0520 UTC, SNR _ are and 3.5 km. the lowest 1 by Rayleigh scatter from insects. The layer at 2 cm corresponds to vear =800 3=6hPa he inversion (MGLASS1 sounding) and was produced by Bragg scatter. Thi ayer moved upward 0 2.5-3.0 km by 0540, suggestin hat the environment changed rapidly in advance of th dow echo. By 0615 UTC, a deeper layer of enhance SNR (indicative of shallow convective structures) ha Jeveloped within the 2.5-4.0 km layer, suggesting liftin and associated desta »f the bow echo. This bilization immediately in advanc' destabilization shown by the SNI san be correlated to an increase in the verticall ntegrated vapor (VINT), and vertical integrated liqui LINT) measured by the MPR for the same time perio figure 7). For this time period the VINT increased b approximately 0.6 cm, as well as the LINT showin ncreases of approx imately 1 mm as the shallo\ mrieek seine ose ielmxwelanewl wbkemaedl wE dbus «5svrmbsencoes i.
Figure 3: MIPS 915 MHz Profiler Winds
Figure 3: MIPS 915 MHz Profiler Winds
Figure 5: Time Height Series of MIPS Ceilometer. The top panel is ceilometer backscatter in units of dB. The bottom panel is backscatter in units of power. Heavy rain is denoted by the black color. The area in the circle shows how the atmosphere became more pristine after the passage of the bow.
Figure 5: Time Height Series of MIPS Ceilometer. The top panel is ceilometer backscatter in units of dB. The bottom panel is backscatter in units of power. Heavy rain is denoted by the black color. The area in the circle shows how the atmosphere became more pristine after the passage of the bow.
Figure 7: MIPS surface time series. a) Temperature is red, Dewpoint blue. b) Wind speed (ms) c) Wind direction d) Pressure in kPa e) Total Precipitation “oe eee For the 24 June 2003 case the NRL-P3 and the NOAA P-3_ both deployed in the same area as the ground crew. However the NOAA P-3 experienced an engine failure on route to the targeted area. For this case the radar data from the Eldora forward and aft tail radar will be analyzed. Figure 9 shows the track of the P-3 in reference to the MIPS location. For this case there are a total of three legs that are relevant to use for a comparison with MIPS measurements and for grasping
Figure 7: MIPS surface time series. a) Temperature is red, Dewpoint blue. b) Wind speed (ms) c) Wind direction d) Pressure in kPa e) Total Precipitation “oe eee For the 24 June 2003 case the NRL-P3 and the NOAA P-3_ both deployed in the same area as the ground crew. However the NOAA P-3 experienced an engine failure on route to the targeted area. For this case the radar data from the Eldora forward and aft tail radar will be analyzed. Figure 9 shows the track of the P-3 in reference to the MIPS location. For this case there are a total of three legs that are relevant to use for a comparison with MIPS measurements and for grasping
Figure 8: MIPS MPR Time Height Series. Temperature (top panel), relative humidity (middle panel), and liquid cloud water (bottom panel)
Figure 8: MIPS MPR Time Height Series. Temperature (top panel), relative humidity (middle panel), and liquid cloud water (bottom panel)
Figure 10: Eldora reflectivity for leg2 (Top) Eldora Radial Veclocity for leg2 (Bottom). Rear Inflow jet is noticeable on the reflectivity (notched area), and in the velocity data.
Figure 10: Eldora reflectivity for leg2 (Top) Eldora Radial Veclocity for leg2 (Bottom). Rear Inflow jet is noticeable on the reflectivity (notched area), and in the velocity data.
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