Figure 4 Eco-system of curtain walls (Hyun Tak, 2017)
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Fig. 1: Integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems into window design (Ugochukwu, 2017) These parameters should curtain wall for the economica In addition, the Insulation of th reduce about 35 % of therma 2001). Thick and heavyweigh barrier of thermal transition. ly, aesthetically and functionally better solution (G. Ric radiation when PV added on the curtain wall design materials are used in the conventional building walls On the other hand, curtain walls consist of thin and materials that transmit therma effectively. There are several types of curtain walls t be determined clearly during the design phase of the proposed P" hard, 1972 e proposed PV is considered due to its cost and efficiency which ca IEA-PVPX as skin an lightweigl hrough the: materials and structure systems, they may be designed as structural glazing which covers all wall with glass, opaque and glass to opaque ratio. Curtain wall types have different therm: characteristics so, the structural glazing systems are the best to express the concept o wall system but the opaque types are more thermally efficient (C. Habitat, 1992). f the curtai Thermal insulation of the proposed system: The thermal insulation of a traditional window depends on orientation, the colour of the wall components that promote the system. In addition, climatic conditions of a building context have an important impact on the building’s facade temperature (C. Habitat, 1992). The joints and different sealant materials like silicon within the facade should be able to adapt to these differences in temperature. In addition to adding glass panels inside the system can enhance its thermal properties. Fig. 5 Project location map (google maps) Fig. 6: Project components description (Researchers) sa a a Proj ect is a mixed use building project which includes retail, hotel apartments, and residentia apartments with following details in fig. 6: Table 1: Hypothesis and assumptions of case study (Researchers) Average Daily Sunshine Hours Fig. 7: Project climate indicators (Researchers) Average High/Low Temperature Fig. 8: Window-to-wall ratio (H. Sozer, 2002) The window-to-wall ratio (WWR) ratio is the measure of the percentage area determined by ividing the building's total glazed area by its exterior envelope wall area as shown in Fig. 8. ‘his opening area has impacts on the heating, cooling, and lighting, of buildings relating to their ontext in terms of access to daylight, ventilation, and views. Facades can be designed using a igher percentage than the code prescriptive maximum by using high-performance glazing ystems that may be used in combination with interior and exterior shading strategies. These esigns can avoid the unwanted solar gain and glare through the large window area, while still llowing for daylight to enter spaces which results in reduced electric lighting use (H. & M. ‘Inimeiri, 2002). 5.2 Reduction in Energy Demand and Building Cost Saving Table 2: Technical Characteristics of PV glass vs standard glass Table 3: Reduction in energy demand, and cost saving in 30 years (Researchers) 5.1 Results Due to Technical Characteristics of Glazing Fig. 9: Building rotation impact (H. Sozer, 2002) reduce their energy running cost. Thus, building orientation, along with daylighting and thermal mass are crucial considerations of passive solar construction that can be incorporated into virtually any building design as shown in fig. 9 (H., M. Elnimeiri, 2002). 5. STUDY RESULTS Table 4: Financial performance indicators (Researchers) 5.4 Extra Reduction in Energy Demand Due to Architectural Design 5.3 Financial Results Table 5: Extra reduction in energy demand due to Architectural Design (Researchers) Base case: window to wall % = 70%, rotation = 0%
