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For this project, we are using the Nemal7 stepper motor. The Nema 17 is used as the stepper motor because it has enough torque to keep the antenna in place. A hybrid stepping motor with a holding torque of 3.2 kg-cm, the NEMA 17 is a hybrid stepping motor. CNC machines, hard drives, printers, CNC machines, laser cutters, and linear actuators are all examples of NEMA17 stepper motors in use. The motor comes with six lead wires and a 12-volt rated voltage. It can run on a lower voltage source. These motors have a step angle of 1.8 degrees, which means they have 200 steps each revolution and each step covers 1.8 degrees, resulting in a high level of control. These motors run on 12 volts and can produce a lot of torque. ee I OO A highly directive antenna tuned to 2.4 GHz frequency for detecting the Wi-fi signal is constructed and mounted on top of an Arduino controlled platform and moves the antenna both the horizontal and vertical plane. It receives signal radiation from the Wi-fi module. The antenna is connected to the SDR (Software Defined Radio) that captures the power from signals obtained from the antenna at a defined interval. This SDR is accompanied by a software companion like GNU Radio which helps in acquiring the power readings. This reading is stored in a data file (.txt) and is imported to MATLAB for image processing. The spatial coordinate for plotting the image is predefined in the code and the final heatmap image is derived. Further the heatmap image is overlaid on top of a real-life panoramic image for easy visualization of the signal power distribution.

Figure 3 For this project, we are using the Nemal7 stepper motor. The Nema 17 is used as the stepper motor because it has enough torque to keep the antenna in place. A hybrid stepping motor with a holding torque of 3.2 kg-cm, the NEMA 17 is a hybrid stepping motor. CNC machines, hard drives, printers, CNC machines, laser cutters, and linear actuators are all examples of NEMA17 stepper motors in use. The motor comes with six lead wires and a 12-volt rated voltage. It can run on a lower voltage source. These motors have a step angle of 1.8 degrees, which means they have 200 steps each revolution and each step covers 1.8 degrees, resulting in a high level of control. These motors run on 12 volts and can produce a lot of torque. ee I OO A highly directive antenna tuned to 2.4 GHz frequency for detecting the Wi-fi signal is constructed and mounted on top of an Arduino controlled platform and moves the antenna both the horizontal and vertical plane. It receives signal radiation from the Wi-fi module. The antenna is connected to the SDR (Software Defined Radio) that captures the power from signals obtained from the antenna at a defined interval. This SDR is accompanied by a software companion like GNU Radio which helps in acquiring the power readings. This reading is stored in a data file (.txt) and is imported to MATLAB for image processing. The spatial coordinate for plotting the image is predefined in the code and the final heatmap image is derived. Further the heatmap image is overlaid on top of a real-life panoramic image for easy visualization of the signal power distribution.

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ae A —e_eoerNen eNO AN NED Arduino is a free and open-source platform for creating electronic projects. Arduino is made up of a hardware programmable circuit board (also known as a microcontroller) and software (IDE) that runs on a computer and to the physical board, computer code is written and uploaded. We are using Arduino Nano for this project. The Arduino Nano is a small, comprehensive, and breadboard-friendly microcontroller based on the ATmega328P. In a smaller form, it delivers the same connections and characteristics as the Arduino Uno board.
ae A —e_eoerNen eNO AN NED Arduino is a free and open-source platform for creating electronic projects. Arduino is made up of a hardware programmable circuit board (also known as a microcontroller) and software (IDE) that runs on a computer and to the physical board, computer code is written and uploaded. We are using Arduino Nano for this project. The Arduino Nano is a small, comprehensive, and breadboard-friendly microcontroller based on the ATmega328P. In a smaller form, it delivers the same connections and characteristics as the Arduino Uno board.
The Arduino Nano contains thirty male input and output headers arranged in a dip-30 style that can rogrammed using the Arduino Software integrated programming environment (IDE), that is present in | \rduino boards and can be used both offline and online. A 9V battery can be used to power the board or a typ » micro-USB cable. It includes a more powerful ATmega4809 processor as well as double the RAM. A stepper motor, is a brushless DC electric motor which is also called as stepping motor or step moto divides a whole rotation into a sequence of equal steps. The position of the motor can be instructed without am position sensor for feedback to move and hold at one of these steps as long as the motor is suitably sized for th application in terms of speed and torque.
The Arduino Nano contains thirty male input and output headers arranged in a dip-30 style that can rogrammed using the Arduino Software integrated programming environment (IDE), that is present in | \rduino boards and can be used both offline and online. A 9V battery can be used to power the board or a typ » micro-USB cable. It includes a more powerful ATmega4809 processor as well as double the RAM. A stepper motor, is a brushless DC electric motor which is also called as stepping motor or step moto divides a whole rotation into a sequence of equal steps. The position of the motor can be instructed without am position sensor for feedback to move and hold at one of these steps as long as the motor is suitably sized for th application in terms of speed and torque.
RF front end system is referred to the analog front end of wireless communication system. Due to properties of electromagnetic waves, digital signals cannot directly pass-through wireless channels. Thus, it must be converted to analog signals of high frequency and then transmitted through the channel. Filtering, amplification and mixing are processes undergone by signal. RF Transmitter- This part includes signal source, input port, Configuration block, power amplifier (PA) and transmitting antenna. Input signal generation uses Simulink signal source that generates signal which represent the modulation of RF signal.
RF front end system is referred to the analog front end of wireless communication system. Due to properties of electromagnetic waves, digital signals cannot directly pass-through wireless channels. Thus, it must be converted to analog signals of high frequency and then transmitted through the channel. Filtering, amplification and mixing are processes undergone by signal. RF Transmitter- This part includes signal source, input port, Configuration block, power amplifier (PA) and transmitting antenna. Input signal generation uses Simulink signal source that generates signal which represent the modulation of RF signal.
OO OEE OE OO The receiver of the circuit displays the output power readings in dBm (decibel milliwatts). It is expressed as negative values. Several readings were taken on varying certain parameters. Heatmap is plotted based on values that were obtained by varying tilt axis of receiving antenna. The heatmap in figure 4 shows the output power values in negative logarithmic scale. Right top area of this heatmap denotes area with maximum signal readings. Left bottom area of above heatmap shows area with minimum signal readings. Other readings of output power were taken by varying the distance between transmitting antenna and receiving antenna. Graph plotted indicates the relationship between distance between antennas and output power values.
OO OEE OE OO The receiver of the circuit displays the output power readings in dBm (decibel milliwatts). It is expressed as negative values. Several readings were taken on varying certain parameters. Heatmap is plotted based on values that were obtained by varying tilt axis of receiving antenna. The heatmap in figure 4 shows the output power values in negative logarithmic scale. Right top area of this heatmap denotes area with maximum signal readings. Left bottom area of above heatmap shows area with minimum signal readings. Other readings of output power were taken by varying the distance between transmitting antenna and receiving antenna. Graph plotted indicates the relationship between distance between antennas and output power values.
Fig.9: Output Power v/s Distance between antennas
Fig.9: Output Power v/s Distance between antennas
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