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Fig. 5. Archaeological layers, cultural affiliation, radiocarbon chronology (with calibrated dates) and pollen zones of the Jordan River Dureijat (JRD) sequence (after Sharon et al. 2020: Fig. 4a). The Cc samples were analyzed at the Poznan Radiocarbon Laboratory and at the Beta Analytic Laboratory. 4C ages were calibrated using the default calibration data set IntCal13 northern Hemisphere radiocarbon (Table 1). The age-depth model presented in Fig. 6 was processed using the Bayesian Bacon 2.3.6 software package (Blaauw and Christen, 2011). Even if the context of the archaeological remains is not that of a settlement (Fig. 4), the stratigraphy and archaeological context of the finds are secure, due to the separation of the archaeological

Figure 5 Archaeological layers, cultural affiliation, radiocarbon chronology (with calibrated dates) and pollen zones of the Jordan River Dureijat (JRD) sequence (after Sharon et al. 2020: Fig. 4a). The Cc samples were analyzed at the Poznan Radiocarbon Laboratory and at the Beta Analytic Laboratory. 4C ages were calibrated using the default calibration data set IntCal13 northern Hemisphere radiocarbon (Table 1). The age-depth model presented in Fig. 6 was processed using the Bayesian Bacon 2.3.6 software package (Blaauw and Christen, 2011). Even if the context of the archaeological remains is not that of a settlement (Fig. 4), the stratigraphy and archaeological context of the finds are secure, due to the separation of the archaeological

Related Figures (12)

‘ig. 1. a). Distribution of vegetation zones in the southern Levant; M = Mediterranean zone (Garrigue, maquis, woodland); IT = Irano-Turanian zone (steppeland); SA = Saharo- \rabian zone (desert); S = Sudanian zone (penetration territory) (after Zohary, 1973, 1982; Danin and Plitmann, 1987); b). Map of the southern Levant indicating mean annua yrecipitation in mm (Srebro and Soffer, 2011); ¢). The position of the southern Levant.
‘ig. 1. a). Distribution of vegetation zones in the southern Levant; M = Mediterranean zone (Garrigue, maquis, woodland); IT = Irano-Turanian zone (steppeland); SA = Saharo- \rabian zone (desert); S = Sudanian zone (penetration territory) (after Zohary, 1973, 1982; Danin and Plitmann, 1987); b). Map of the southern Levant indicating mean annua yrecipitation in mm (Srebro and Soffer, 2011); ¢). The position of the southern Levant.
Fig. 2. Location of Jordan River Dureijat (JRD) archaeological site (modified after Van- Zeist and Bottema, 2009: Fig. 1).
Fig. 2. Location of Jordan River Dureijat (JRD) archaeological site (modified after Van- Zeist and Bottema, 2009: Fig. 1).
Fig. 3. a). Ayelet Hashahar weather station data (under 5 km from JRD). Average monthly temperature and precipitation for the period of 2010—2020. Red bars represent seasona average. Data downloaded from Israel Meteorological Service (2020); b). Normalized wind roses (m/s) for Jan 2015—Dec 2016, and seasonal for Dec—Feb (2014—2017; DJF) anc Jun—Aug (2015—2016; JJA) (taken from Rice, 2018: Fig. 2.5). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of thi: article.)
Fig. 3. a). Ayelet Hashahar weather station data (under 5 km from JRD). Average monthly temperature and precipitation for the period of 2010—2020. Red bars represent seasona average. Data downloaded from Israel Meteorological Service (2020); b). Normalized wind roses (m/s) for Jan 2015—Dec 2016, and seasonal for Dec—Feb (2014—2017; DJF) anc Jun—Aug (2015—2016; JJA) (taken from Rice, 2018: Fig. 2.5). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of thi: article.)
Fig. 4. 1. JRD bone fish hooks; 2. JRD small grooved pebbles (line weights); 3. JRD stone tools by layers and cultural affinity: a. Early Neolithic; b. Natufian; c. Geometric Kebaran; « Early Epipaleolithic.
Fig. 4. 1. JRD bone fish hooks; 2. JRD small grooved pebbles (line weights); 3. JRD stone tools by layers and cultural affinity: a. Early Neolithic; b. Natufian; c. Geometric Kebaran; « Early Epipaleolithic.
Fig. 6. Age-depth model for the Jordan River Dureijat (JRD) sedimentological outcrop using the Bayesian Bacon software from the R package rbacon v2.3.9.1 (Blaauw and Christen 2011).
Fig. 6. Age-depth model for the Jordan River Dureijat (JRD) sedimentological outcrop using the Bayesian Bacon software from the R package rbacon v2.3.9.1 (Blaauw and Christen 2011).
Fig. 8. Jordan River Dureijat (JRD) paleoclimate model. a). average temperature (°C): mean January (Tjan), mean annual (Tann) and mean August (Taug); b). d'80 of Soreq Cave; c). Annual precipitation (mm); d). Winter precipitation (December—February); e). Spring precipitation (March—May); f). Summer precipitation (June—August); g) Autumn precipi- tation (September—November); Red bars represent recent geographical settings. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 8. Jordan River Dureijat (JRD) paleoclimate model. a). average temperature (°C): mean January (Tjan), mean annual (Tann) and mean August (Taug); b). d'80 of Soreq Cave; c). Annual precipitation (mm); d). Winter precipitation (December—February); e). Spring precipitation (March—May); f). Summer precipitation (June—August); g) Autumn precipi- tation (September—November); Red bars represent recent geographical settings. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Identified waterlogged wood remains recovered from the JRD archaeological site in absolute numbers and percentages.
Identified waterlogged wood remains recovered from the JRD archaeological site in absolute numbers and percentages.
Fig. 9. SEM Images of wood sections of taxa identified at Jordan River Dureijat (JRD). a: Quercus ithaburensis, transverse section, 50x, scale 300 jum; b: Quercus sp. (calliprinos?) transverse, 30x, scale 500 um; c: monocot (Arundo donax?), transverse, 137x, scale 300 um; d: monocot (Phragmites australis?), transverse, 246x, scale 100 um; e: Tamarix sp. transverse, 40x, scale 500 yum; f: Fraxinus syriaca, transverse, 181x, scale 100 um; g: Cercis siliquastrum, transverse, 40x, scale 500 km; h: Salix/Populus, transverse, 50x, scale 400 um i: Pistacia atlantica, transverse, 110x, scale 200 um; j: Vitis vinifera, transverse, 105x, scale 400 jm; k: Ziziphus spina-christi, transverse, 137x, scale 300 ym; |: Rhus coriaria, transverse 173x, scale 200 ,1m; m: Laurus nobilis, transverse, 60x, scale 200 xm. Note that due to preservation conditions, not all identified taxa were able to be imaged satisfactorily; in othe cases, only certain parts of the examined samples were able to be photographed. Images a, b, e, g, h, i, and m were taken using a stereoscopic Carl Zeiss SteREO Discovery.V2( microscope. Images c, d, f, j, k, and | were taken using a Tescan VEGA3 LMH scanning electron microscope.
Fig. 9. SEM Images of wood sections of taxa identified at Jordan River Dureijat (JRD). a: Quercus ithaburensis, transverse section, 50x, scale 300 jum; b: Quercus sp. (calliprinos?) transverse, 30x, scale 500 um; c: monocot (Arundo donax?), transverse, 137x, scale 300 um; d: monocot (Phragmites australis?), transverse, 246x, scale 100 um; e: Tamarix sp. transverse, 40x, scale 500 yum; f: Fraxinus syriaca, transverse, 181x, scale 100 um; g: Cercis siliquastrum, transverse, 40x, scale 500 km; h: Salix/Populus, transverse, 50x, scale 400 um i: Pistacia atlantica, transverse, 110x, scale 200 um; j: Vitis vinifera, transverse, 105x, scale 400 jm; k: Ziziphus spina-christi, transverse, 137x, scale 300 ym; |: Rhus coriaria, transverse 173x, scale 200 ,1m; m: Laurus nobilis, transverse, 60x, scale 200 xm. Note that due to preservation conditions, not all identified taxa were able to be imaged satisfactorily; in othe cases, only certain parts of the examined samples were able to be photographed. Images a, b, e, g, h, i, and m were taken using a stereoscopic Carl Zeiss SteREO Discovery.V2( microscope. Images c, d, f, j, k, and | were taken using a Tescan VEGA3 LMH scanning electron microscope.
* Socio-cultural entities chronology after Goring-Morris and Belfer-Cohen (2017); Grosman (2018) (years in ka cal. BP). Summary of the primary JRD sequence vegetation and environmental patterns. Table 3
* Socio-cultural entities chronology after Goring-Morris and Belfer-Cohen (2017); Grosman (2018) (years in ka cal. BP). Summary of the primary JRD sequence vegetation and environmental patterns. Table 3
Related topics:
Quaternary GeologyPaleoenvironment (Archaeology)Climate modelingLate Pleistocene to Early HoloceneQuaternary environmentsGeoarchaeology and Paleoenvironmental ReconstructionsWaterlogged WoodCrop domestication
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