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To investigate the effect of SCB amounts in the composite swelling, various amounts of SCB from 0.5 to 1.5 g (7.6-16.4 wt%) was added (Fig. 10). The results showed a reduction in swelling due to the increase in the quantity of SCB (from 7.6 to 19.7 wt%). This can be due to the decrease in the relative amount of the AM monomer and the KPS in the Fig. 6. SEM images at different magnitude (1000 x, 1500 x , 2000 x, 2500 x ) of the sample SCB3.

Figure 10 To investigate the effect of SCB amounts in the composite swelling, various amounts of SCB from 0.5 to 1.5 g (7.6-16.4 wt%) was added (Fig. 10). The results showed a reduction in swelling due to the increase in the quantity of SCB (from 7.6 to 19.7 wt%). This can be due to the decrease in the relative amount of the AM monomer and the KPS in the Fig. 6. SEM images at different magnitude (1000 x, 1500 x , 2000 x, 2500 x ) of the sample SCB3.

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Fig. 1. The suggested grafting mechanism for AM and SCB. The structure of the composites was characterized by spectra FT-IR, XRD, TGA and SEM. The FT-IR spectra of SCB, SCB-g-P(AM) and (SCB- g-PAM)/ATP are shown in Fig. 2. The FT-IR spectrum of SCB showed a band at 3408 cm~' due to the OH-stretching vibration of the groups X-ray diffraction patterns of ATP and SCB-g-P(AM)/ATP (0.4 g, 0.8 g and 1.2 g) were shown in Fig. 3. As shown, ATP showed peaksin
Fig. 1. The suggested grafting mechanism for AM and SCB. The structure of the composites was characterized by spectra FT-IR, XRD, TGA and SEM. The FT-IR spectra of SCB, SCB-g-P(AM) and (SCB- g-PAM)/ATP are shown in Fig. 2. The FT-IR spectrum of SCB showed a band at 3408 cm~' due to the OH-stretching vibration of the groups X-ray diffraction patterns of ATP and SCB-g-P(AM)/ATP (0.4 g, 0.8 g and 1.2 g) were shown in Fig. 3. As shown, ATP showed peaksin
Composition and swelling ability of the different produced composites. Table 1 present, at 897 cm™' attributable to &-glucosidic linkage and at 2917 cm’ to C-H stretching. The FT-IR of the composite of the grafted polymer and ATP showed a peak at 1026 cm7’ corresponding to Si-C stretching and a peak at (3532-3440) cm’ attributed to the OH groups of ATP. The presence of AM was proved by the peak at 1653 cm7' attributable to the C = O stretching of carboxylic acid [28]. properties as indicated also by XRD results as shown below.
Composition and swelling ability of the different produced composites. Table 1 present, at 897 cm™' attributable to &-glucosidic linkage and at 2917 cm’ to C-H stretching. The FT-IR of the composite of the grafted polymer and ATP showed a peak at 1026 cm7’ corresponding to Si-C stretching and a peak at (3532-3440) cm’ attributed to the OH groups of ATP. The presence of AM was proved by the peak at 1653 cm7' attributable to the C = O stretching of carboxylic acid [28]. properties as indicated also by XRD results as shown below.
Fig. 2. FT-IR spectra of (a) SCB, (b) ATP1 and (c) ATP2.
Fig. 2. FT-IR spectra of (a) SCB, (b) ATP1 and (c) ATP2.
Fig. 3. XRD spectra of (a) ATP and composite (b) ATP2; (c) ATP3 and (d) ATP4.
Fig. 3. XRD spectra of (a) ATP and composite (b) ATP2; (c) ATP3 and (d) ATP4.
Fig. 4. TGA thermograms of ATP1 and ATP2.
Fig. 4. TGA thermograms of ATP1 and ATP2.
Fig. 5. SEM images at different magnitude (1000 x, 1500 x, 2000 x, 2500 x ) of the composite ATP2.
Fig. 5. SEM images at different magnitude (1000 x, 1500 x, 2000 x, 2500 x ) of the composite ATP2.
Fig. 7. Effect of KPS content on the composite swelling (the value in brackets is the weight percentage of KPS on the total composite weight).
Fig. 7. Effect of KPS content on the composite swelling (the value in brackets is the weight percentage of KPS on the total composite weight).
3.3. Effect of saline solutions Fig. 9. Effect of ATP content on the composite swelling behavior (the value in brackets is the weight percentage of ATP on the total composite weight). Fig. 8. Effect of AM content on the composite swelling (the value in brackets is the weight percentage of AM on the total composite weight).
3.3. Effect of saline solutions Fig. 9. Effect of ATP content on the composite swelling behavior (the value in brackets is the weight percentage of ATP on the total composite weight). Fig. 8. Effect of AM content on the composite swelling (the value in brackets is the weight percentage of AM on the total composite weight).
Fig. 10. Effect of SCB content on the composite swelling behavior (the value in brackets is the weight percentage of SCB on the total composite weight).
Fig. 10. Effect of SCB content on the composite swelling behavior (the value in brackets is the weight percentage of SCB on the total composite weight).
Fig. 11. Effect of pH on water absorbency of the ATP2.
Fig. 11. Effect of pH on water absorbency of the ATP2.
Fig. 13. The release rate of urea from composites containing different ATP amounts. Fig. 12. Effect of saline solutions on water absorbency of the composite ATP2.
Fig. 13. The release rate of urea from composites containing different ATP amounts. Fig. 12. Effect of saline solutions on water absorbency of the composite ATP2.
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