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future computer processing. From a formal point of view, this classification is a natural continuation of the one published by Mikov, to which a number of new typological groups have been added. This approach made it possible to high- light some regularities characteristic for the Neolithic and Eneolithic. In order to make sure that the classification covered the fragmented material as well, dé- tails were separated in the typology of intact pieces and placed at the same level of importance with the data from the anthropomorphic figurines (Togoposa 1980; Ta6n.1). However, this approach revealed the problems ensuing from the classification of the fragmented material, which is the most widespread ar- chaeological source. Later, the detail category was moved to a lower hierarchie level (Baitcos 1984:35; Vajsov 1990). Moreover, it is clear that this solution is no longer satisfactory either. It seems most acceptable to form a separate category which Covers all fragmented pieces. In this way, the general starting classifica- tion of clay anthropomorphic figurines is formally divided into: fragmented anthropomorphic figurines and completely preserved anthropomorphic figu- rines. The criteria linking them Covers the detailed typology and the common metric parameters.

Figure 2 future computer processing. From a formal point of view, this classification is a natural continuation of the one published by Mikov, to which a number of new typological groups have been added. This approach made it possible to high- light some regularities characteristic for the Neolithic and Eneolithic. In order to make sure that the classification covered the fragmented material as well, dé- tails were separated in the typology of intact pieces and placed at the same level of importance with the data from the anthropomorphic figurines (Togoposa 1980; Ta6n.1). However, this approach revealed the problems ensuing from the classification of the fragmented material, which is the most widespread ar- chaeological source. Later, the detail category was moved to a lower hierarchie level (Baitcos 1984:35; Vajsov 1990). Moreover, it is clear that this solution is no longer satisfactory either. It seems most acceptable to form a separate category which Covers all fragmented pieces. In this way, the general starting classifica- tion of clay anthropomorphic figurines is formally divided into: fragmented anthropomorphic figurines and completely preserved anthropomorphic figu- rines. The criteria linking them Covers the detailed typology and the common metric parameters.

Related Figures (20)

BEN-M - Block of the Early Neolithic-Monochrome BLN - Block of the Late Neolithic BEE - Block of the Early Eneolithic
BEN-M - Block of the Early Neolithic-Monochrome BLN - Block of the Late Neolithic BEE - Block of the Early Eneolithic
James Harvey Gaul - In memoriam Map I. Map of the centers of the Balkan Monochrome Neolithic Parallel with the supraregional standard typology of the finds, there are also a number of local specificities in the Early Neolithic. Analogies are traced to the eastern variant of the Cris culture and to the Dniester - Bug culture. The Ovéarovo culture (Togoposa and Baitcop 1993:134-137, Puc.
James Harvey Gaul - In memoriam Map I. Map of the centers of the Balkan Monochrome Neolithic Parallel with the supraregional standard typology of the finds, there are also a number of local specificities in the Early Neolithic. Analogies are traced to the eastern variant of the Cris culture and to the Dniester - Bug culture. The Ovéarovo culture (Togoposa and Baitcop 1993:134-137, Puc.
the comparative study of anthropomorphic figurines from Usoe (Vajsov 1990) and from the Hamangia culture (Berciu 1961:86-101; Comsa 1975; Hasotti 1986; Baitcos 1992; 1993:208-210). With the exception of the material from Hotnica-Orlovka, the other finds come from a relatively well documented stra- tigraphy (Table VI). The study also comprises unpublished finds from Ovéarovo - Forest and Rezervata near the village of Drinovo, Targoviste district (Map II).
the comparative study of anthropomorphic figurines from Usoe (Vajsov 1990) and from the Hamangia culture (Berciu 1961:86-101; Comsa 1975; Hasotti 1986; Baitcos 1992; 1993:208-210). With the exception of the material from Hotnica-Orlovka, the other finds come from a relatively well documented stra- tigraphy (Table VI). The study also comprises unpublished finds from Ovéarovo - Forest and Rezervata near the village of Drinovo, Targoviste district (Map II).
From a technological point of view, clay anthropomorphic figurines orm a special category of the prehistorie ceramic inventory whose techniques ire similar to those used in the respective ceramic production, and differ es- sentially, only in the détails.
From a technological point of view, clay anthropomorphic figurines orm a special category of the prehistorie ceramic inventory whose techniques ire similar to those used in the respective ceramic production, and differ es- sentially, only in the détails.
James Harvey Gaul - In memoriam The division of the standing figurines is presented in Table VII:
James Harvey Gaul - In memoriam The division of the standing figurines is presented in Table VII:
Fig. 1. Anthropomorphic figurines from Samoyodene (excavations of P. Stanev): 1-Horizon VII; 2-Horizon I]; 3-Horizon IV; 4-6-Horizon V; 7-Horizon VI
Fig. 1. Anthropomorphic figurines from Samoyodene (excavations of P. Stanev): 1-Horizon VII; 2-Horizon I]; 3-Horizon IV; 4-6-Horizon V; 7-Horizon VI
Fig. 3. Anthropomorphic figurines from Horizon I in Samovodene (excavations of P. Stanev)
Fig. 3. Anthropomorphic figurines from Horizon I in Samovodene (excavations of P. Stanev)
Fig. 4. Fiat lid anthropomorphic handle from Horizon IV in Samovodene (excavations ofP. Stanev)
Fig. 4. Fiat lid anthropomorphic handle from Horizon IV in Samovodene (excavations ofP. Stanev)
Fig. 5. Anthropomorphic figurines from Samovodene and Kacica (excavations of P. Stanev,
Fig. 5. Anthropomorphic figurines from Samovodene and Kacica (excavations of P. Stanev,
Fig. 6. Anthropomorphic figurines from Hotnica-Orlovka
Fig. 6. Anthropomorphic figurines from Hotnica-Orlovka
Fig. 7. Anthropomorphic figurines from Samovodene and Kacica
Fig. 7. Anthropomorphic figurines from Samovodene and Kacica
Fig. 9. Anthropomorphic figurines from Podgorica (excavations of I. Angelova and I. Vajsov)
Fig. 9. Anthropomorphic figurines from Podgorica (excavations of I. Angelova and I. Vajsov)
Fig. 10. Anthropomorphic figurines from Podgorica (excavations of L Angelova and L Vajsov) The independent path of development of anthropomorphic figurines in northeastern Bulgaria during the Neolithic was determined both by con- tacts along the Lower Danube and by influences coming from Thrace (during the later phases of the Early Neolithic) and from western Bulgaria (throughout
Fig. 10. Anthropomorphic figurines from Podgorica (excavations of L Angelova and L Vajsov) The independent path of development of anthropomorphic figurines in northeastern Bulgaria during the Neolithic was determined both by con- tacts along the Lower Danube and by influences coming from Thrace (during the later phases of the Early Neolithic) and from western Bulgaria (throughout
UIE CNULe INCOMUNC). AuONS MOst getieral ines, Wie typology OF Ue NSurines from Samovodene near Veliko Tarnovo (Fig. 1:7) fits the general tendencies in stylistic development characteristic of the area of the Cris culture, but the typology indicates contacts with Thrace as well (Karanovo III culture). A typi- cal feature of the Cris tradition is the modelling of the massive figurines with very pronounced steatopygia and a shortened lower part of the body (Raczky 1979-1980). The legs occupy less than one-quarter of the entire body. On the other hand, some local variants are also observed, well represented among the figurines from Ovéarovo - Forest (the Ovéarovo culture). This is a very specific modelling technique of sticking together numerous cylindrical nuclei, which for the time being has no analogues in the Neolithic plastic art of southeastern Europe. These figurines are characterized by the massive lower part of the body. The compact modelled, massive legs, stuck together, are simply a continua- tion of the broad buttocks. However, the upper part of the body remains flat, the arms usually laterally outstretched. A typical feature of the figurines from Ovéarovo - Forest is the differentiation between the torso and the buttocks, emphasized by a thin waist, twisted and thrust forward, creating the impression of an upper part of the body which is strongly brought forward. The figurine can stand erect only owing to its massive lower part (Fig. 1:7). A continuation of this tradition is observed in the anthropomorphic figurines from the Neo- lithic settlement Samovodene, where the upper part of the body continues to be thrust forward, but the lower extremities are already elongated, although they continue to be massive (Fig. 1:6; 2:5). At the same time, cylindrically shaped heads existed during the final stages of the Early Neolithic, the same types also appear in the Dudesti culture (Cantacuzino and Morintz 1963: Abb. 8:3). There is even a unique figurine with bulb-like breasts marked in front and back (Fig. 3:3). It has analogies in Drama and in the area of the Karanovo III-Veselinovo culture (Fol, Katinéarov, Lichardus, Bertemes and Krastev 1990:82, Taf. 35). Fig. 11. Massive anthropomorphic decoration from the cult altar (pit 64) from Podgorica (excavations of I. Angelova and I. Vajsov)
UIE CNULe INCOMUNC). AuONS MOst getieral ines, Wie typology OF Ue NSurines from Samovodene near Veliko Tarnovo (Fig. 1:7) fits the general tendencies in stylistic development characteristic of the area of the Cris culture, but the typology indicates contacts with Thrace as well (Karanovo III culture). A typi- cal feature of the Cris tradition is the modelling of the massive figurines with very pronounced steatopygia and a shortened lower part of the body (Raczky 1979-1980). The legs occupy less than one-quarter of the entire body. On the other hand, some local variants are also observed, well represented among the figurines from Ovéarovo - Forest (the Ovéarovo culture). This is a very specific modelling technique of sticking together numerous cylindrical nuclei, which for the time being has no analogues in the Neolithic plastic art of southeastern Europe. These figurines are characterized by the massive lower part of the body. The compact modelled, massive legs, stuck together, are simply a continua- tion of the broad buttocks. However, the upper part of the body remains flat, the arms usually laterally outstretched. A typical feature of the figurines from Ovéarovo - Forest is the differentiation between the torso and the buttocks, emphasized by a thin waist, twisted and thrust forward, creating the impression of an upper part of the body which is strongly brought forward. The figurine can stand erect only owing to its massive lower part (Fig. 1:7). A continuation of this tradition is observed in the anthropomorphic figurines from the Neo- lithic settlement Samovodene, where the upper part of the body continues to be thrust forward, but the lower extremities are already elongated, although they continue to be massive (Fig. 1:6; 2:5). At the same time, cylindrically shaped heads existed during the final stages of the Early Neolithic, the same types also appear in the Dudesti culture (Cantacuzino and Morintz 1963: Abb. 8:3). There is even a unique figurine with bulb-like breasts marked in front and back (Fig. 3:3). It has analogies in Drama and in the area of the Karanovo III-Veselinovo culture (Fol, Katinéarov, Lichardus, Bertemes and Krastev 1990:82, Taf. 35). Fig. 11. Massive anthropomorphic decoration from the cult altar (pit 64) from Podgorica (excavations of I. Angelova and I. Vajsov)
In the Steps of James Harvey Gaul - vol. 1 The figurines from the Usoe area occupy a peripheral position in the context of the Lower Danubian Late Neolithic complex, which is reflected in Fig. 12. Chronological position of the anthropomorphic figurines from northeastern Bulgaria
In the Steps of James Harvey Gaul - vol. 1 The figurines from the Usoe area occupy a peripheral position in the context of the Lower Danubian Late Neolithic complex, which is reflected in Fig. 12. Chronological position of the anthropomorphic figurines from northeastern Bulgaria
Related topics:
ArchaeologyPrehistoric ArchaeologyArchaeological Method & TheoryArchaeology of ReligionNeolithic ArchaeologyMethod and Theory in the Study of ReligionBalkan archaeologyBalkan prehistoryNeolithic EuropeStatistical Methods in Archaeology
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