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Table 4. Input parameters with their levels. The experiment was designed using Taguchi method which uses an orthogonal array with a limited number of experiments. The control factor and their levels are given in Table 4. This study needs 13 degrees of freedom (each three level parameter has two degree of freedom and two level parameter has one degree of freedom). Therefore an Lig orthogonal array is selected because it has 17 degrees of freedom. Of seven parameter chosen, six machining parameters are with three levels and one machining parameter with two levels are selected for experimental analysis. Table 4. Input parameters with their levels.

Table 4 Input parameters with their levels. The experiment was designed using Taguchi method which uses an orthogonal array with a limited number of experiments. The control factor and their levels are given in Table 4. This study needs 13 degrees of freedom (each three level parameter has two degree of freedom and two level parameter has one degree of freedom). Therefore an Lig orthogonal array is selected because it has 17 degrees of freedom. Of seven parameter chosen, six machining parameters are with three levels and one machining parameter with two levels are selected for experimental analysis. Table 4. Input parameters with their levels.

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3.2 Cutting tool _ Carbide is used as base material for the cutting tool. Coated carbide tools are employed in machining of Titanium alloys due to improved performance in tool wear. In this experiment three different nose radius, three different insert shape angle and three material coating cutting inserts were used and the details are listed in Table 3. Tahle 2 Qnerificatinn af Cittino ineertec
3.2 Cutting tool _ Carbide is used as base material for the cutting tool. Coated carbide tools are employed in machining of Titanium alloys due to improved performance in tool wear. In this experiment three different nose radius, three different insert shape angle and three material coating cutting inserts were used and the details are listed in Table 3. Tahle 2 Qnerificatinn af Cittino ineertec
3.3 Design of experiments
3.3 Design of experiments
Turning operation of Ti-6AL-7Nb alloy is carried out in Jyoti DX 200 5A CNC turning centre, in which the turning entre has a maximum spindle speed of 4000 rpm and power of 7.5 kW. The run out of the spindle measures 7 um. The surface roughness (Ra) was measured using kosaka make surfcorder model measuring instrument (Figure 3). The cut off ind sampling length of measurements were 0.8 mm and 4.8 mm respectively. Flank wear was measured by tool maker’s nicroscope. Roundness was measured by Roncorder radial accuracy of + 0.02 um (Figure 2). Material removal rate was -alculated by measuring initial and final diameter of work piece by digital micro meter. The temperature was measured yy using Fluke make infrared thermometer in the range of 0° to 100°C, power consumption was recorded and analysed yy using power sight manager software. Fig. 2. Roundness test Fig. 3. Surface roughness test For improving the quality of the product by design, Taguchi method helps in design and analysis of experiments systematically. By using Lis orthogonal array, seven turning parameters are considered as controlling parameters such as, cutting environment, feed, cutting speed, insert angle, nose radius, tool coating material and depth of cut of which parameter cutting environment is taken as two levels and other parameters are at three levels. The parameter used for experimentation is shown in Table 4. Table 5 shows the experimental result of performance characteristics of L18 Orthogonal array and their result.
Turning operation of Ti-6AL-7Nb alloy is carried out in Jyoti DX 200 5A CNC turning centre, in which the turning entre has a maximum spindle speed of 4000 rpm and power of 7.5 kW. The run out of the spindle measures 7 um. The surface roughness (Ra) was measured using kosaka make surfcorder model measuring instrument (Figure 3). The cut off ind sampling length of measurements were 0.8 mm and 4.8 mm respectively. Flank wear was measured by tool maker’s nicroscope. Roundness was measured by Roncorder radial accuracy of + 0.02 um (Figure 2). Material removal rate was -alculated by measuring initial and final diameter of work piece by digital micro meter. The temperature was measured yy using Fluke make infrared thermometer in the range of 0° to 100°C, power consumption was recorded and analysed yy using power sight manager software. Fig. 2. Roundness test Fig. 3. Surface roughness test For improving the quality of the product by design, Taguchi method helps in design and analysis of experiments systematically. By using Lis orthogonal array, seven turning parameters are considered as controlling parameters such as, cutting environment, feed, cutting speed, insert angle, nose radius, tool coating material and depth of cut of which parameter cutting environment is taken as two levels and other parameters are at three levels. The parameter used for experimentation is shown in Table 4. Table 5 shows the experimental result of performance characteristics of L18 Orthogonal array and their result.
Table 5. Experimental result of performance characteristics of L18 Orthogonal array.
Table 5. Experimental result of performance characteristics of L18 Orthogonal array.
Table 6. Contribution of response variable Lethe wll Us. SACL Iatyi UE Vpeiiiene pPeatiwtetis The calculated grey relational grade and weighted grade for Lis array is shown in Table 7.Of eighteen experiments conducted experiment number eleven has the highest grey relational grade. The significant parameter which affects the performance characteristics is investigated by analysis of variance and the response Table 8 was employed to calculate the average grey relational grade for each factor level.
Table 6. Contribution of response variable Lethe wll Us. SACL Iatyi UE Vpeiiiene pPeatiwtetis The calculated grey relational grade and weighted grade for Lis array is shown in Table 7.Of eighteen experiments conducted experiment number eleven has the highest grey relational grade. The significant parameter which affects the performance characteristics is investigated by analysis of variance and the response Table 8 was employed to calculate the average grey relational grade for each factor level.
Table 7. The calculated grey relational grade & Weighted grade for Lig Orthogonal array.
Table 7. The calculated grey relational grade & Weighted grade for Lig Orthogonal array.
Table 8. Response table for grey relational grade
Table 8. Response table for grey relational grade
Fig. 5 (a) SEM image of Ti-6Al-7Nb Titanium alloy work piece before machining. Fig. 4. Effect of control parameters on grey relational grade.
Fig. 5 (a) SEM image of Ti-6Al-7Nb Titanium alloy work piece before machining. Fig. 4. Effect of control parameters on grey relational grade.
Fig. 5 (b) SEM image of Ti-6AI-7Nb Titanium alloy work niece after machinine.
Fig. 5 (b) SEM image of Ti-6AI-7Nb Titanium alloy work niece after machinine.
6. Conclusion In this paper the turning parameters of Titanium alloy Ti-6AI-7Nb has been optimized using Taguchi based grey relational analysis coupled with principle component analysis. Based on orthogonal array eighteen experimental runs were performed. The following conclusions are arrived.
6. Conclusion In this paper the turning parameters of Titanium alloy Ti-6AI-7Nb has been optimized using Taguchi based grey relational analysis coupled with principle component analysis. Based on orthogonal array eighteen experimental runs were performed. The following conclusions are arrived.
Related topics:
Engineering Product DesignPRODUCTION ENGINEERINGCutting Parameters and Surface Roughness
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