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If it is inspected, obtained results for frame transmission airtimes in Figure 5 show, transmission time increases significantly when SF increases even for small payloads. Node to GW real time data transmission for large payloads cannot be applicable for critical applications. It is necessary to process and summarize data on nodes to reduce frame tx times.

Figure 5 If it is inspected, obtained results for frame transmission airtimes in Figure 5 show, transmission time increases significantly when SF increases even for small payloads. Node to GW real time data transmission for large payloads cannot be applicable for critical applications. It is necessary to process and summarize data on nodes to reduce frame tx times.

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LoRAWAN is an LPWAN technology which address to solve issues power consumption and communication range for IoT applications [2, 3]. Technology has designed to provide security and localization mechanism by default. It can be deployed as public or private networks for different use cases. As inspected the LoORaWAN networks consists of end nodes, gateways (GW) and data networks. LORAWAN is a star of stars topology and GW are the links between nodes to data networks. GW-node communication carried out with FSK or LoRa modulation with different data rates and channels. Data network to GW communication is handled via standard Internet Protocol (IP). An overview of the LoRaWAN architecture is show in Figure 1. B. LoRa: Physical Layer
LoRAWAN is an LPWAN technology which address to solve issues power consumption and communication range for IoT applications [2, 3]. Technology has designed to provide security and localization mechanism by default. It can be deployed as public or private networks for different use cases. As inspected the LoORaWAN networks consists of end nodes, gateways (GW) and data networks. LORAWAN is a star of stars topology and GW are the links between nodes to data networks. GW-node communication carried out with FSK or LoRa modulation with different data rates and channels. Data network to GW communication is handled via standard Internet Protocol (IP). An overview of the LoRaWAN architecture is show in Figure 1. B. LoRa: Physical Layer
Se AS nee ewe) Ree Sea es -— eee ere Beene enna LoRa modulation has ability to penetrate building easily and deliver encoded data to long distances [2]. The methods used in modulation are kept private. The interference prevention mechanisms are detailed in [2]. Also, analytical results show that communication range is up to 2 km for dense urban and indoor areas.
Se AS nee ewe) Ree Sea es -— eee ere Beene enna LoRa modulation has ability to penetrate building easily and deliver encoded data to long distances [2]. The methods used in modulation are kept private. The interference prevention mechanisms are detailed in [2]. Also, analytical results show that communication range is up to 2 km for dense urban and indoor areas.
a. LORaWAN Gateway (GW) b. LoORaWAN Node
a. LORaWAN Gateway (GW) b. LoORaWAN Node
Successful data transmission is the key function of the wireless communication, for this reason, in the several packet transmissions made and successful deliveries are measured from the GW. Each experiment 50 packets send and received rates are recorded for 10 different experiments. Average results are show in Figure 6a, as a natural result GW-node distance affects the successful packet delivery strictly. Also, materials used in floors (walls, desks, glasses ...etc.) affect the propagation of the signal. Figure 6b, presents RSSI signal levels received from the GW for successfully frame reception. Also, packet loss and RSSI values have a common pattern which validates protocol communication. As seen, from the graphs packet loss ratio is higher even same floor of the building. There is an unexpected drop for packet loss ratio at Floor 2, the reason is node placement which was located on emergency exit having covered full of walls. It is possible to reduce loss ratio by using multiple GW with distinct locations of the building. LoRaWAN can be used for many applications however, it is necessary and also an open topic of optimization.
Successful data transmission is the key function of the wireless communication, for this reason, in the several packet transmissions made and successful deliveries are measured from the GW. Each experiment 50 packets send and received rates are recorded for 10 different experiments. Average results are show in Figure 6a, as a natural result GW-node distance affects the successful packet delivery strictly. Also, materials used in floors (walls, desks, glasses ...etc.) affect the propagation of the signal. Figure 6b, presents RSSI signal levels received from the GW for successfully frame reception. Also, packet loss and RSSI values have a common pattern which validates protocol communication. As seen, from the graphs packet loss ratio is higher even same floor of the building. There is an unexpected drop for packet loss ratio at Floor 2, the reason is node placement which was located on emergency exit having covered full of walls. It is possible to reduce loss ratio by using multiple GW with distinct locations of the building. LoRaWAN can be used for many applications however, it is necessary and also an open topic of optimization.
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Indoor NavigationIndoor environmental qualityIndoor TrackingIndoor Optical Wireless CommunicationsIndoor air pollutionIndoor LocationIndoor positioning and navigationINDOOR POSITIONING SYSTEMIndoor Air Pollution and HealthIndoor Emission
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