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To study the effect of relative humidity on mycelial growth of Altemnaria altemata, six different levels of relative humidityi.e 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 percent weremaintained by mixing concentrate sulphuric acid and sterilized distilled waterin different proportion. The different relative humidity levels were maintained by the method suggested by Buxton and Mellanby 1934. Composition of acid solution used was follows:

Table 60 To study the effect of relative humidity on mycelial growth of Altemnaria altemata, six different levels of relative humidityi.e 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 percent weremaintained by mixing concentrate sulphuric acid and sterilized distilled waterin different proportion. The different relative humidity levels were maintained by the method suggested by Buxton and Mellanby 1934. Composition of acid solution used was follows:

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Subscription Rates for 2014: *Author’sC ontribution : Rs. 1000/paper (minimum upto 2 authors) and Rs. 600/paper for additional authors. **Same for SAARC, countries only soft copy. *Payment must be made through Demand Draft payable to State Bank of India, Kalyanpur Branch, (Branch code 01962) Kanpur, U.P. India, in favour of Trends in Biosciences (Ac/No. 31575871348) along with manuscript and sent to Dr. S.S. Ali, Editor in Chief, H-1312, VIP Lane, Satyam Vihar, Avas Vikas No.1, Kalyanpur, Kanpur- 208 018, U.P. India. Incaseof outstation cheque an extra amount of Rs. 50/- may be paid as clearance of cheque. For e-banking add Rs. 25/- (contact: ss_ali@ rediffmail.com); trendsinbiosciencesjournal@ gmail.com Business Manager, Er. S. Osaid Ali, Biotechnology Research Foundation, Kanpur
Table 3. Mining of SNP using NG S platforms
Table 3. Mining of SNP using NG S platforms
Table 1. Tilling approach in various crops
Table 1. Tilling approach in various crops
Table 2. Map based approach in selected crops Allele Mining Using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) Platforms :
Table 2. Map based approach in selected crops Allele Mining Using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) Platforms :
Block 2006. The personal genome project (PGP) lead by Prof. G Church’s research group has developed and introduced the multiplex polony technology (Shendure, et al., 2005). In this technique, several hundred sequencing templates are deposited onto thin agarose layers and sequences are determined in paralldl. The NGS platforms are mainly used for whole genome resequencing, targeted resequencing, transcriptomesequencing, De novo sequencing (Lister, etal., 2009). These are used to identify and detect the SNP which may bea cause for allelic variation. In addition to the above, single nucleotide polymorphisms, functional diversity analyses, functional genomics involving allele mining, association genetics and comparative genomics are promising new approaches that provide insight into the organization and variation of genes affecting phenotypic traits. Some of the examples wherein alldemining using association mapping is given in table 4. These techniques have greater relevance in genetic resources utilization since they can be used to assess the functional component of the diversity, which is of immediate interest in crop improvement programmes. Table4, Allele Mining and Association Mapping in Plants homology to receptor kinases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99(14): 9328-9333. CHANDRAMOHAN & DHANANJAYA : Allele mining - approaches and utility
Block 2006. The personal genome project (PGP) lead by Prof. G Church’s research group has developed and introduced the multiplex polony technology (Shendure, et al., 2005). In this technique, several hundred sequencing templates are deposited onto thin agarose layers and sequences are determined in paralldl. The NGS platforms are mainly used for whole genome resequencing, targeted resequencing, transcriptomesequencing, De novo sequencing (Lister, etal., 2009). These are used to identify and detect the SNP which may bea cause for allelic variation. In addition to the above, single nucleotide polymorphisms, functional diversity analyses, functional genomics involving allele mining, association genetics and comparative genomics are promising new approaches that provide insight into the organization and variation of genes affecting phenotypic traits. Some of the examples wherein alldemining using association mapping is given in table 4. These techniques have greater relevance in genetic resources utilization since they can be used to assess the functional component of the diversity, which is of immediate interest in crop improvement programmes. Table4, Allele Mining and Association Mapping in Plants homology to receptor kinases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99(14): 9328-9333. CHANDRAMOHAN & DHANANJAYA : Allele mining - approaches and utility
Table 1. Thripinema species reported on thrips
Table 1. Thripinema species reported on thrips
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of fabrication of different dairy powders A schematic diagram describes the steps involved in fabrication of different dairy milk powders at an industrial leved (Fig. 1) brief description of some of frequently used High Milk Protein Powders (HMPP) in dairy industry and fundamental research is given below
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of fabrication of different dairy powders A schematic diagram describes the steps involved in fabrication of different dairy milk powders at an industrial leved (Fig. 1) brief description of some of frequently used High Milk Protein Powders (HMPP) in dairy industry and fundamental research is given below
Microfiltration is a low pressure-driven membrane filtration process, which is based on amembrane with an open structure allowing dissolved components to pass while most non-dissolved components are rejected by the membrane. In the dairy industry, microfiltration is widely used for bacteria reduction and fat removal in milk and whey as well as for protein and casein standardisation (Cheryan, 1998).
Microfiltration is a low pressure-driven membrane filtration process, which is based on amembrane with an open structure allowing dissolved components to pass while most non-dissolved components are rejected by the membrane. In the dairy industry, microfiltration is widely used for bacteria reduction and fat removal in milk and whey as well as for protein and casein standardisation (Cheryan, 1998).
Fig. 2. Microfiltration (membrane 1.4 jim) Fig.1. Schematic descriptions of different steps involved. in high milk protein powders (HMPP) preparations (Adopted from Schuck etal., 2002).
Fig. 2. Microfiltration (membrane 1.4 jim) Fig.1. Schematic descriptions of different steps involved. in high milk protein powders (HMPP) preparations (Adopted from Schuck etal., 2002).
Fig. 3. Microfiltration (membrane 0.1 jm)
Fig. 3. Microfiltration (membrane 0.1 jm)
Fig. 5. Reverse Ostmosis KUMAR et. al., : Development of High Milk Protein Powder with Membrane Technology
Fig. 5. Reverse Ostmosis KUMAR et. al., : Development of High Milk Protein Powder with Membrane Technology
Table3. Reported MIC values of standard antifungals
Table3. Reported MIC values of standard antifungals
Table2. MIC values of standard antifungals
Table2. MIC values of standard antifungals
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table1. Antifungal activity of Immunoseb-S
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table1. Antifungal activity of Immunoseb-S
Synergism may be defined as a 4-fold or greater reduction in the MIC of one drug in the presence of a second drug. If the reduction involves a 2-fold reduction, the combination of antimicrohics is exhibiting potentiation. If there is a 2-fold or greater increase in MIC, the combination of antifungals reflects antagonism. (11). ‘able 4, MIC valuesfor combination of polyenzyme formulation and standard antifungal
Synergism may be defined as a 4-fold or greater reduction in the MIC of one drug in the presence of a second drug. If the reduction involves a 2-fold reduction, the combination of antimicrohics is exhibiting potentiation. If there is a 2-fold or greater increase in MIC, the combination of antifungals reflects antagonism. (11). ‘able 4, MIC valuesfor combination of polyenzyme formulation and standard antifungal
Table1. Composition of MS Embryo Development Media (MED), Gamborg’s Development Media (G ED) and CLC Embryc Development Media (C ED)
Table1. Composition of MS Embryo Development Media (MED), Gamborg’s Development Media (G ED) and CLC Embryc Development Media (C ED)
Table2. Capsicumanmamembryo development (% ) on various Embryo media and Response of developed embryo plantlets on various rooting media LITERATURE CITED development of embryos. Best shoot response and root generation upto 80 % was achieved on Gamborg’s B5 rooting medium (GRM) containing higher concentration of auxin (IBA 0.8mgL{ *) andrelatively low concentration of gilberellic acid (GA, O.1mgL.{?).
Table2. Capsicumanmamembryo development (% ) on various Embryo media and Response of developed embryo plantlets on various rooting media LITERATURE CITED development of embryos. Best shoot response and root generation upto 80 % was achieved on Gamborg’s B5 rooting medium (GRM) containing higher concentration of auxin (IBA 0.8mgL{ *) andrelatively low concentration of gilberellic acid (GA, O.1mgL.{?).
Fig.1. Nutrient and physicochemical composition of malt mixes Nutrient and physico-chemical analysis: Theresultfor the nutrient and physico-chemical analysis of malted pearl millet flour (control), unmalted pearl millet flour (UPMF) and most acceptable papaya incorporated malt mix (PMM) and most acceptable banana incorporated malt mix (BMM), is presented in Table 1 and Fig. 1.
Fig.1. Nutrient and physicochemical composition of malt mixes Nutrient and physico-chemical analysis: Theresultfor the nutrient and physico-chemical analysis of malted pearl millet flour (control), unmalted pearl millet flour (UPMF) and most acceptable papaya incorporated malt mix (PMM) and most acceptable banana incorporated malt mix (BMM), is presented in Table 1 and Fig. 1.
Values are means of 3 observations; UPMF unmalted pearl millet flour, MPMF malted pearl millet flour, PMM most acceptable papaya incorporated pearl millet malt mix, BMM most acceptable banana incorporated pearl millet malt mix ble 1. Nutrient and physicochemical composition of malt mixes
Values are means of 3 observations; UPMF unmalted pearl millet flour, MPMF malted pearl millet flour, PMM most acceptable papaya incorporated pearl millet malt mix, BMM most acceptable banana incorporated pearl millet malt mix ble 1. Nutrient and physicochemical composition of malt mixes
Fig.2. Overall acceptability of the malt mixes Storage studies also revealed that PMM packed in HDPE pouches was much acceptable than products packed in laminated pouches. However, BMM packed in laminated pouches was more acceptable than the same mix packed in HDPE pouches. Statistical analysis revealed that BMM packed in HDPE pouch is most acceptable among the products kept for storage studies.
Fig.2. Overall acceptability of the malt mixes Storage studies also revealed that PMM packed in HDPE pouches was much acceptable than products packed in laminated pouches. However, BMM packed in laminated pouches was more acceptable than the same mix packed in HDPE pouches. Statistical analysis revealed that BMM packed in HDPE pouch is most acceptable among the products kept for storage studies.
Table 2. Diastatic power of malt mixes
Table 2. Diastatic power of malt mixes
Table 3. Dispersibility of the malt mixes Values are mean+ SD; *not significantly different at 5% level, ** significantly different at 5% level ; MPMF, PMM, BMM: see Table 1.
Table 3. Dispersibility of the malt mixes Values are mean+ SD; *not significantly different at 5% level, ** significantly different at 5% level ; MPMF, PMM, BMM: see Table 1.
Table4, Mean sensory scores malt mixes on storage Values are Mean + S.D (n=8); PMM, BMM: see Table 3; HDPE high density polyethylene
Table4, Mean sensory scores malt mixes on storage Values are Mean + S.D (n=8); PMM, BMM: see Table 3; HDPE high density polyethylene
ANOVA 2-Factorial method; Means having common letters are not significantly different; P1: P2, P3, P4: See Table 4 Table 5. Anova for overall acceptability of stored products
ANOVA 2-Factorial method; Means having common letters are not significantly different; P1: P2, P3, P4: See Table 4 Table 5. Anova for overall acceptability of stored products
able 1. Predator complex of Lipaphiserysini K altenbach
able 1. Predator complex of Lipaphiserysini K altenbach
Table1. GDD,PTU,HTU, HYTU and PTI required for attainment of phenophases for cotton crop during 2006-07 and 2007-08
Table1. GDD,PTU,HTU, HYTU and PTI required for attainment of phenophases for cotton crop during 2006-07 and 2007-08
Table2. GDD,PTU HTU, HYTU and PTI required for attainment of phenophases for chickpea crop during 2006-07 and 2007-08. Prevailing weather conditions during chickpea seasons
Table2. GDD,PTU HTU, HYTU and PTI required for attainment of phenophases for chickpea crop during 2006-07 and 2007-08. Prevailing weather conditions during chickpea seasons
Table 3. Thermals use efficiencies for cotton and chickpea. Chickpea phenology and thermal indices
Table 3. Thermals use efficiencies for cotton and chickpea. Chickpea phenology and thermal indices
Table 4. Correlation coefficients between calendar daysand G DD, PTU, HTU and HY TU for cotton and chickpea.
Table 4. Correlation coefficients between calendar daysand G DD, PTU, HTU and HY TU for cotton and chickpea.
Table1. Influence of microbial inoculants and nutrients on morphological parameters in Tomatt
Table1. Influence of microbial inoculants and nutrients on morphological parameters in Tomatt
Table4, Influence of microbial inoculants and nutrients on growth and biochemical parameters in Tomato
Table4, Influence of microbial inoculants and nutrients on growth and biochemical parameters in Tomato
Table3. Influence of microbial inoculants and nutrients on growth parameters in Tomato
Table3. Influence of microbial inoculants and nutrients on growth parameters in Tomato
ble5. Influence of microbial inoculants and nutrients on quality, yield and yield components in Tomato better translocation of water uptake and deposition of nutrients. Similar results were found by Anmithalingam, 1998 in chilli and Hemavathi, 1997 in Chrysanthemum. better translocation of water uptake and deposition of nutrients. Similar results were found by Anmithalingam, 1998 in chilli and Hemavathi, 1997 in Chrysanthemum. The growth parameters such as Leaf area index, leaf area duration, total dry matter, cropgrowth rate, absolutegrowth rate, net assimilation rate relative growth rate were differed significantly within the treatments, maximum values for all these parameters were recorded in the treatment which received RDF + Azospirillum brasilense + Pseudomonas striata (Table 2 to 4).
ble5. Influence of microbial inoculants and nutrients on quality, yield and yield components in Tomato better translocation of water uptake and deposition of nutrients. Similar results were found by Anmithalingam, 1998 in chilli and Hemavathi, 1997 in Chrysanthemum. better translocation of water uptake and deposition of nutrients. Similar results were found by Anmithalingam, 1998 in chilli and Hemavathi, 1997 in Chrysanthemum. The growth parameters such as Leaf area index, leaf area duration, total dry matter, cropgrowth rate, absolutegrowth rate, net assimilation rate relative growth rate were differed significantly within the treatments, maximum values for all these parameters were recorded in the treatment which received RDF + Azospirillum brasilense + Pseudomonas striata (Table 2 to 4).
fable1. Effect of intercropping systems, boron and sulphur levels on yield attributes of chickpea and mustard (two years average data) Effects on boron and sulphur levels : chickpea with mustard 4:1 rowratio. This might due to the fact that mustard endowed with deep-rooted system and vigorous plant growth, offered more competition both under and above ground for growth resources. Secondly, better root growth in sole chickpea facilitated more area for nodules formation, resulting higher yidd attributes. Similar result wes found from Singh and Mahesh, 1993.
fable1. Effect of intercropping systems, boron and sulphur levels on yield attributes of chickpea and mustard (two years average data) Effects on boron and sulphur levels : chickpea with mustard 4:1 rowratio. This might due to the fact that mustard endowed with deep-rooted system and vigorous plant growth, offered more competition both under and above ground for growth resources. Secondly, better root growth in sole chickpea facilitated more area for nodules formation, resulting higher yidd attributes. Similar result wes found from Singh and Mahesh, 1993.
‘able2. Rankingof crosses with respect to their superiority for heterosis, general combining ability and perse performance for 10 traits in Indian mustard [Brassicajuncea (L.) Cazemand Coss].
‘able2. Rankingof crosses with respect to their superiority for heterosis, general combining ability and perse performance for 10 traits in Indian mustard [Brassicajuncea (L.) Cazemand Coss].
Table1. Summary of heterosis for 10 characters ina 10 parents diallel cross in Indian mustard [Brassicajumoea (L.) Czern and C oss]
Table1. Summary of heterosis for 10 characters ina 10 parents diallel cross in Indian mustard [Brassicajumoea (L.) Czern and C oss]
LAL di. al., : Heterosis for yield and its components in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.Czem & Coss)
LAL di. al., : Heterosis for yield and its components in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.Czem & Coss)
Table1. Effect of insecticidal treatments on per cent square damage and boll damage due to H. annigera.
Table1. Effect of insecticidal treatments on per cent square damage and boll damage due to H. annigera.
‘able2. Economics of the insecticidal treatment on the yield of seed cotton (Pooled mean 2004-05 and 2005-06) (18.05%) but at par with Indoxacarb 14.5 SC (18.30%), (Table 1). These findings are in accordance with the results obtained by Ramasubramaniam and Raghupathy, 2004 who reported that spinosad reduce the square damage to the extent of 46.88 to 48.70 per cent, boll damage 51.41%, loculedamage 52.78% and reduction in larval population from 69.25 to 74.90 per cent after first and second spray respectively. Good efficacy of spinosad against H. armigera was also reported byKranthi, etal., 2000, Patil, etal., 2004, Dhawan, etal., 2006. However, Mallah and Korejo, 2005 reported that spinosad, Indoxacarb and Emamectin benzoate were at par in effectiveness against H. armigera. Patel and Vyas, 2000 also reported that Bt is safer to natural enemies of insects like Coccinellid beetles, green lacewing and predatory spiders in cotton ecosystem. Spinosad being a new generation pesticide is much selective and less destructive to environment and can be recommended against H. armigera. Dhawan and Simwet, 2000 and effectiveness of Bt against boll worms was also reported. Earlier workers observed similar trends of effectiveness of treatments (Patil, et al., 2004, Dhawan, etal., 2006).
‘able2. Economics of the insecticidal treatment on the yield of seed cotton (Pooled mean 2004-05 and 2005-06) (18.05%) but at par with Indoxacarb 14.5 SC (18.30%), (Table 1). These findings are in accordance with the results obtained by Ramasubramaniam and Raghupathy, 2004 who reported that spinosad reduce the square damage to the extent of 46.88 to 48.70 per cent, boll damage 51.41%, loculedamage 52.78% and reduction in larval population from 69.25 to 74.90 per cent after first and second spray respectively. Good efficacy of spinosad against H. armigera was also reported byKranthi, etal., 2000, Patil, etal., 2004, Dhawan, etal., 2006. However, Mallah and Korejo, 2005 reported that spinosad, Indoxacarb and Emamectin benzoate were at par in effectiveness against H. armigera. Patel and Vyas, 2000 also reported that Bt is safer to natural enemies of insects like Coccinellid beetles, green lacewing and predatory spiders in cotton ecosystem. Spinosad being a new generation pesticide is much selective and less destructive to environment and can be recommended against H. armigera. Dhawan and Simwet, 2000 and effectiveness of Bt against boll worms was also reported. Earlier workers observed similar trends of effectiveness of treatments (Patil, et al., 2004, Dhawan, etal., 2006).
* PGI-Percent growth inhibition Table1. In vitro evaluation of plant extracts against Aspergillus niger able1. In vitro evaluation of plant extracts against Aspergillus niger ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
* PGI-Percent growth inhibition Table1. In vitro evaluation of plant extracts against Aspergillus niger able1. In vitro evaluation of plant extracts against Aspergillus niger ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Table2. Effect of antagonists on mycelial growth inhibition Aspergillus niger in in vitro (23.49 & 39.66 %) at 5 and 10 per cent concentration, respectively. In control condition there was not inhibition of A. niger.
Table2. Effect of antagonists on mycelial growth inhibition Aspergillus niger in in vitro (23.49 & 39.66 %) at 5 and 10 per cent concentration, respectively. In control condition there was not inhibition of A. niger.
able 2. Effect of temperature of coagulation on chemical quality and sensory attributes of Chhana, using 2.0 per cent coagulant solution strength
able 2. Effect of temperature of coagulation on chemical quality and sensory attributes of Chhana, using 2.0 per cent coagulant solution strength
nM = Meer Newton, C = Citric acid, L = Lactic acid, S = Sour whey ble1. Effect of Temperature of coagulation quality and sensory attributes of Chhana using 1.0 per cent coagulant solution strength
nM = Meer Newton, C = Citric acid, L = Lactic acid, S = Sour whey ble1. Effect of Temperature of coagulation quality and sensory attributes of Chhana using 1.0 per cent coagulant solution strength
Table 3. Effect of p* of coagulation on the quality of Chhana The moisture content in chhana was found to get reduced at low p# of coagulation. As the p* was lowered, the moisturecontent reduced from 55.0 at p# 5.6 to 51.40 at p# 5.4, chhana samples obtained at p5.6 werevery soft and smooth. SINGH et. al., : Effect of Temperature, PH, Type of Coagulants and Their Concentration for The Manufacturing of Chhana 27
Table 3. Effect of p* of coagulation on the quality of Chhana The moisture content in chhana was found to get reduced at low p# of coagulation. As the p* was lowered, the moisturecontent reduced from 55.0 at p# 5.6 to 51.40 at p# 5.4, chhana samples obtained at p5.6 werevery soft and smooth. SINGH et. al., : Effect of Temperature, PH, Type of Coagulants and Their Concentration for The Manufacturing of Chhana 27
Table. 1. Mean and their standard error of six generations with six crosses for ten traits.
Table. 1. Mean and their standard error of six generations with six crosses for ten traits.
Table. 2. Means +standard error and scaling test and genetic effects for different sesame traits. Key: C,=G Til-1 x KMR-22; C,=GTil-2 x JLI-26; C,=G Til-3 x KMR- 49; C,=G Til-10 x JLS-9707-2; C==NIC-79/13 x KMR-39; C,=PI-1 x LS- 116; m=mid point; d=Additiv h = Dominance; i = Additive x Additive; j = Additive x Dominance; 1 = Dominance x Dominance. An asterisk (**) indicates that the value was significant by the t-test at the 5' probability level.
Table. 2. Means +standard error and scaling test and genetic effects for different sesame traits. Key: C,=G Til-1 x KMR-22; C,=GTil-2 x JLI-26; C,=G Til-3 x KMR- 49; C,=G Til-10 x JLS-9707-2; C==NIC-79/13 x KMR-39; C,=PI-1 x LS- 116; m=mid point; d=Additiv h = Dominance; i = Additive x Additive; j = Additive x Dominance; 1 = Dominance x Dominance. An asterisk (**) indicates that the value was significant by the t-test at the 5' probability level.
DF= Days to 50 % flowering, DM= Days to maturity, PH= Plant height, NPB= Number of primary branches per plant, NSB= Number of secondary branches per plant, NP= Number of pods per plant, NS= Number of seeds per pod, SY = Seed Yield per plant, SW= 100-seed weight, BY = Biological yield, HI=Harvest index ‘able1. Mean, range, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variability, heritability (broad sense), genetic advance and genetic advance in % of mean for 11 traits in lentil
DF= Days to 50 % flowering, DM= Days to maturity, PH= Plant height, NPB= Number of primary branches per plant, NSB= Number of secondary branches per plant, NP= Number of pods per plant, NS= Number of seeds per pod, SY = Seed Yield per plant, SW= 100-seed weight, BY = Biological yield, HI=Harvest index ‘able1. Mean, range, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variability, heritability (broad sense), genetic advance and genetic advance in % of mean for 11 traits in lentil
Table2. Direct and indirect effects for different traits on seed yield per plant at phenotypic and genotypic level in lentil germplasm Residual effect: P= -0.0464, G= -0.0304 DF= Days to 50 % flowering, DM= Days to maturity, PH= Plant height, NPB= Number of primary branches per plant, NSB= Number of secondary branches per plant, NP= Number of pods per plant, NS= Number of seeds per pod, SW= 100-seed weight, BY = Biological yield, HI=Harvest index
Table2. Direct and indirect effects for different traits on seed yield per plant at phenotypic and genotypic level in lentil germplasm Residual effect: P= -0.0464, G= -0.0304 DF= Days to 50 % flowering, DM= Days to maturity, PH= Plant height, NPB= Number of primary branches per plant, NSB= Number of secondary branches per plant, NP= Number of pods per plant, NS= Number of seeds per pod, SW= 100-seed weight, BY = Biological yield, HI=Harvest index
[able2. Stability parameters of different genotypes for days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height (cm) and panicle per plant.
[able2. Stability parameters of different genotypes for days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height (cm) and panicle per plant.
Table1. Analysis of variance for stability of different characters
Table1. Analysis of variance for stability of different characters
PATIL et. al., : Stability analysis for grain yield and its component traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Table3. Stability parameters of different genotypes for daysto panicle length, grains per panicle and Test weight.
PATIL et. al., : Stability analysis for grain yield and its component traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Table3. Stability parameters of different genotypes for daysto panicle length, grains per panicle and Test weight.
Table4, Stability parameters of different genotypes for days to L:B ratio, protein and amylose.
Table4, Stability parameters of different genotypes for days to L:B ratio, protein and amylose.
Trends in Biosciences 6 (3), 2013
Trends in Biosciences 6 (3), 2013
PATIL et. al., : Stability analysis for grain yield and its component traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Table5. Stability parameters of different genotypes for days to grain yield per plant (g) .
PATIL et. al., : Stability analysis for grain yield and its component traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Table5. Stability parameters of different genotypes for days to grain yield per plant (g) .
Trends in Biosciences 6 (3), 2013 of ahybrid with high grain yidd, stahility and averageresponse is of immensevalue. A perusal of stability parameters for grain yield per plant indicated that out of 40 hybrids 05 hybrids were unpredictable over environments due to significant deviation mean square (S2di), similar results were observed. by Bhakta and Das 2008 and Panwar, et al., 2008. The hybrid NVSR-178x VRBN-70 (52.66 g/plant) had highest grain yield plant-1 along with unit regression coefficient value and non- significant non-linear component thereby, considered as most adaptable hybrid over environments followed by NVSR 178 XVRBNGB.
Trends in Biosciences 6 (3), 2013 of ahybrid with high grain yidd, stahility and averageresponse is of immensevalue. A perusal of stability parameters for grain yield per plant indicated that out of 40 hybrids 05 hybrids were unpredictable over environments due to significant deviation mean square (S2di), similar results were observed. by Bhakta and Das 2008 and Panwar, et al., 2008. The hybrid NVSR-178x VRBN-70 (52.66 g/plant) had highest grain yield plant-1 along with unit regression coefficient value and non- significant non-linear component thereby, considered as most adaptable hybrid over environments followed by NVSR 178 XVRBNGB.
Table1. Effect of wrappers on physico-chemical characteristics of mango fruits during storage at ambient temperature Effect of wrapping on decay loss: Thedata revealed that fruits wrapped with different wrappers exhihited significantly less decay loss in comparison to unwrapped fruits (Table 1). The least decay (16.4%) was observed in fruits wrapped in newspaper. Butter paper and Nylon net were next in order of superiority. Wrapping of polythene sheet proved to be the least effective. The decay incidence showed progressive increase with increasing period of storage. There was significant difference among the loss estimated at 15 days of storage. The findings are in agreement with Maini, etal., 1984. The difference in rotting in different wrappers might be attributed to the presence of fungal propagates on the wrap surface and variation in the surrounding of the fruits (Kiotz and Harding, 1970). Fruit loss due to fungal decay increased. with increasing period of storage. It might be due to the weakening of defence system of the fruits against attack.
Table1. Effect of wrappers on physico-chemical characteristics of mango fruits during storage at ambient temperature Effect of wrapping on decay loss: Thedata revealed that fruits wrapped with different wrappers exhihited significantly less decay loss in comparison to unwrapped fruits (Table 1). The least decay (16.4%) was observed in fruits wrapped in newspaper. Butter paper and Nylon net were next in order of superiority. Wrapping of polythene sheet proved to be the least effective. The decay incidence showed progressive increase with increasing period of storage. There was significant difference among the loss estimated at 15 days of storage. The findings are in agreement with Maini, etal., 1984. The difference in rotting in different wrappers might be attributed to the presence of fungal propagates on the wrap surface and variation in the surrounding of the fruits (Kiotz and Harding, 1970). Fruit loss due to fungal decay increased. with increasing period of storage. It might be due to the weakening of defence system of the fruits against attack.
Table1. Effect of Triflumuron on fecundity and fertility in Pericallia riGni Fab. (Values are mean + S.E.)
Table1. Effect of Triflumuron on fecundity and fertility in Pericallia riGni Fab. (Values are mean + S.E.)
Table 3. Effect of Fenoxycarb on fecundity and fertility in Pericallia ridni Fab. (Values are mean +S.E.)
Table 3. Effect of Fenoxycarb on fecundity and fertility in Pericallia ridni Fab. (Values are mean +S.E.)
potential at 0.50 per cent level but tiflumuron does not acquire iteven at thelatter leva. However at oneper cent concentration all the four insect growth regulators are able to cause very high stenlity but not cent per cent. At this concentration their sterility inducing potential differs among them and on this basis, these can be arranged as triflumuron (83.73%), buprofezin (80.87%), fenoxycarb (78.79%) and diofenolan (72.53%) in descending order. However in caseof all theinsect
potential at 0.50 per cent level but tiflumuron does not acquire iteven at thelatter leva. However at oneper cent concentration all the four insect growth regulators are able to cause very high stenlity but not cent per cent. At this concentration their sterility inducing potential differs among them and on this basis, these can be arranged as triflumuron (83.73%), buprofezin (80.87%), fenoxycarb (78.79%) and diofenolan (72.53%) in descending order. However in caseof all theinsect
Table 4. Effect of Diofenolan on fecundity and fertility in Pericallia ricni Fab. (Values are mean + S.E.)
Table 4. Effect of Diofenolan on fecundity and fertility in Pericallia ricni Fab. (Values are mean + S.E.)
GUPTA & SHUKLA : Laboratory evaluation of certain insect growth regulators on Pericalia ricini Fab.: Fecundity & Fertility 293
GUPTA & SHUKLA : Laboratory evaluation of certain insect growth regulators on Pericalia ricini Fab.: Fecundity & Fertility 293
growth regulators, thereis a progressive increase in the stenlity with the advancing concentrations which decrease the fecundity and fertility accordingly. Further asthe residuefilm, every concentration of each insect growth regulator is able to reduce the fecundity and fertility; diofenolan usually exhibits indirect proportionality to the concentration of the residue film of every insect growth regulator employed in this investigation. Depending on their potential for causing the reduction in the fecundity and fertility, the residue films of different concentrations of fourth generation insecticides
growth regulators, thereis a progressive increase in the stenlity with the advancing concentrations which decrease the fecundity and fertility accordingly. Further asthe residuefilm, every concentration of each insect growth regulator is able to reduce the fecundity and fertility; diofenolan usually exhibits indirect proportionality to the concentration of the residue film of every insect growth regulator employed in this investigation. Depending on their potential for causing the reduction in the fecundity and fertility, the residue films of different concentrations of fourth generation insecticides
. 1. Map showing the Chothe Inhabited areas of Manipur (India) Chandel District
. 1. Map showing the Chothe Inhabited areas of Manipur (India) Chandel District
Figure 2: A-Dendrocalamus gigantius B-Volume of bamboo shoot decreases as fermentation advances C-Femmented bamboo shoot sold at market D-Basket use for fermentation
Figure 2: A-Dendrocalamus gigantius B-Volume of bamboo shoot decreases as fermentation advances C-Femmented bamboo shoot sold at market D-Basket use for fermentation
Spread out and dried to remove the excess water
Spread out and dried to remove the excess water
Table 1. Comparision of inoculation methods In the present study comparision of inoculation methods we found that all of these methods spray inoculation gave exellent result then compared to another four methods and second was droplet inoculation method seed inoculation, root dip inoculation and soil inoculation so on. Periodic observation
Table 1. Comparision of inoculation methods In the present study comparision of inoculation methods we found that all of these methods spray inoculation gave exellent result then compared to another four methods and second was droplet inoculation method seed inoculation, root dip inoculation and soil inoculation so on. Periodic observation
Raised bed 1.2 meters in width, 3 meters in length and 15-20.c.m. above theland was prepared and seeds were sown. Table 1. The application of B. diffusa and neemseeds powder at the time of ploughing the field of ginger results indicated the control of ginger rot. Both plant parts decreased percentage disease intensity as compared to untreated control.
Raised bed 1.2 meters in width, 3 meters in length and 15-20.c.m. above theland was prepared and seeds were sown. Table 1. The application of B. diffusa and neemseeds powder at the time of ploughing the field of ginger results indicated the control of ginger rot. Both plant parts decreased percentage disease intensity as compared to untreated control.
Fig. 1. Effect of different fungal bioagents (Trichoderma spp.) against Alternaria porri in vitro. Trichoderma harzianum ‘Trichoderma hamatum Trichoderma koningii Trichoderma virens Trichoderma viride Control
Fig. 1. Effect of different fungal bioagents (Trichoderma spp.) against Alternaria porri in vitro. Trichoderma harzianum ‘Trichoderma hamatum Trichoderma koningii Trichoderma virens Trichoderma viride Control
* Average of four replications, ** Antagonism index, +4++4+ = Severe antagonism, +++ = Moderate antagonism, ++ = Weak antagonism, + = No antagonism fable1. Per cent growth inhibition of A. pomiby different fungal bioagents invitro LITERATURE CITED
* Average of four replications, ** Antagonism index, +4++4+ = Severe antagonism, +++ = Moderate antagonism, ++ = Weak antagonism, + = No antagonism fable1. Per cent growth inhibition of A. pomiby different fungal bioagents invitro LITERATURE CITED
Table 1. Yellow mosaic virus susceptibility / resistance segregation in F ,and F, generations of mungbean Generally intervarietal hybridization has been used for the improvement of mungbean. The F generation of all the crosses showed susceptible reaction, indicating that susceptibility to yellow mosaic virus wes dominant over recessive, was in conformity with Ammavasai etal. (2004) and Singh and Singh (2006). nine S x R crosses used in the study, it can be concluded that MY MV iscontrolled by asingledominant geneand, therefore, is simply inherited.
Table 1. Yellow mosaic virus susceptibility / resistance segregation in F ,and F, generations of mungbean Generally intervarietal hybridization has been used for the improvement of mungbean. The F generation of all the crosses showed susceptible reaction, indicating that susceptibility to yellow mosaic virus wes dominant over recessive, was in conformity with Ammavasai etal. (2004) and Singh and Singh (2006). nine S x R crosses used in the study, it can be concluded that MY MV iscontrolled by asingledominant geneand, therefore, is simply inherited.
Table2. Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the mycelial growth of Altemaria altemaia in vitro *Average of three replications
Table2. Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the mycelial growth of Altemaria altemaia in vitro *Average of three replications
Table1. Survey of road side diseased trees of Eucalyptus
Table1. Survey of road side diseased trees of Eucalyptus
fable2. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents of healthy and infected leaves of Eucalyptus
fable2. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents of healthy and infected leaves of Eucalyptus
Survey was conducted in month of Jan. Feb. and the road side tree of Eucalyptus was studied the data is presentis Table 1.
Survey was conducted in month of Jan. Feb. and the road side tree of Eucalyptus was studied the data is presentis Table 1.
MATERIALS AND METHODS Table1. Establishment cost of Papaya orchard (Rs. / ha) in the year 2005-06
MATERIALS AND METHODS Table1. Establishment cost of Papaya orchard (Rs. / ha) in the year 2005-06
Table4. Cost benefit ratio and internal rates of return her ha
Table4. Cost benefit ratio and internal rates of return her ha
Table 3. Break - even point in different groups of orchard.
Table 3. Break - even point in different groups of orchard.
Table 2. Total cost, total return and net return per ha. It is indicated in the table 3 that break even point for different age group is workout to check the economic feasibility of Papaya orchard plantation in district kaushambi of Uttar Pradesh. It was observed from the above table that
Table 2. Total cost, total return and net return per ha. It is indicated in the table 3 that break even point for different age group is workout to check the economic feasibility of Papaya orchard plantation in district kaushambi of Uttar Pradesh. It was observed from the above table that
Fig. 1 Soordifolia Vegetative Fig. 2 Scordifolia Capsule structure and fruit After investigations it was also found that Bala grows well throughout the plains of Kanpur, especially, in damp climate. Perennial/annual woody, fibrous stemmed shrub, deeply rooted, grows up to 0.75 - 1.5 meters in height, with small green leaves, broad at base and tapering to a point, altemate. The leaves are 2.5-7 cm long and 2.5-5 cm broad, with 7-9 veins. They are heart shaped, serrate and truncate with fine hairs on both sides. Small yellow/ orangish yellow flowers in clusters at end of branches or in forks of upper leavesi.e. solitary and axillary. Pods have finehristles breaking
Fig. 1 Soordifolia Vegetative Fig. 2 Scordifolia Capsule structure and fruit After investigations it was also found that Bala grows well throughout the plains of Kanpur, especially, in damp climate. Perennial/annual woody, fibrous stemmed shrub, deeply rooted, grows up to 0.75 - 1.5 meters in height, with small green leaves, broad at base and tapering to a point, altemate. The leaves are 2.5-7 cm long and 2.5-5 cm broad, with 7-9 veins. They are heart shaped, serrate and truncate with fine hairs on both sides. Small yellow/ orangish yellow flowers in clusters at end of branches or in forks of upper leavesi.e. solitary and axillary. Pods have finehristles breaking
Table1. Stomatal index on adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of Sida cordifolia L .
Table1. Stomatal index on adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of Sida cordifolia L .
Table2. Organoleptic evaluation of various parts of Sida cordifolia L .
Table2. Organoleptic evaluation of various parts of Sida cordifolia L .
Table4, Behaviour analysis of whole plant powder of Sida cordifolia L . with different chemical reagents Despite of the dense urbanization, medicinal plants still play akey rolein the health care ofthe local population. Plants commonly which are used as traditional medicines in rural areas could also be found in the city, and are collected and
Table4, Behaviour analysis of whole plant powder of Sida cordifolia L . with different chemical reagents Despite of the dense urbanization, medicinal plants still play akey rolein the health care ofthe local population. Plants commonly which are used as traditional medicines in rural areas could also be found in the city, and are collected and
Table3. Phytochemical analysis of whole plant extract of Sida cordifolia L. Analysis under different lights with different chemical reagents :
Table3. Phytochemical analysis of whole plant extract of Sida cordifolia L. Analysis under different lights with different chemical reagents :
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Related topics:
BotanySystematics (Taxonomy)ZoologyPlant EcologyPlant BiologyResponses of plant to abiotic stressesInsect-Plant InteractionsPlant Tissue CulturePlant-Animal InteractionsMycology and Plant pathology
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