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The proposed research involves the use of double-layer systems that may allow selectively indoor and cross ventilation. Thus, seeking the application of these promising strategies and guided by the requirements proposed as determinant factors, we have considered only a limited number of design parameters. These general parameters of design are related to the general definition of the envelope. its structure and enclosure: the proposed configurations would be constituted by double-enclosed particular combinations using the interior void as the cavity for the structure. This allows for the possibility of permeability, the use of vegetation, and the use of recycled or renewable materials. The panels will be constructed from prefabricated components which will also allow for easy assembly and disassembly. Table 2: Definition of structure and design parameters. The dark names indicate a direct relationship to geometrical, thus to be included in the 3d parametric model definition. (Author 2012)

Table 2 The proposed research involves the use of double-layer systems that may allow selectively indoor and cross ventilation. Thus, seeking the application of these promising strategies and guided by the requirements proposed as determinant factors, we have considered only a limited number of design parameters. These general parameters of design are related to the general definition of the envelope. its structure and enclosure: the proposed configurations would be constituted by double-enclosed particular combinations using the interior void as the cavity for the structure. This allows for the possibility of permeability, the use of vegetation, and the use of recycled or renewable materials. The panels will be constructed from prefabricated components which will also allow for easy assembly and disassembly. Table 2: Definition of structure and design parameters. The dark names indicate a direct relationship to geometrical, thus to be included in the 3d parametric model definition. (Author 2012)

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The issue of speed continued to inspire other inventors to continue the development of compute architecture. A hundred years after Babbage described the Analytical Engine, Alan Turing laid th foundation for modern computing through his Turing machine which has been identified as th blueprint of electronic digital computer. The ABC, ENIAC, Z3 and Colossus were all importan achievements as they are the evidence of the ground that was broken in computational developmen seventy years ago. These machines were gigantic calculators that proved much more efficient it mathematical calculations than the human mind. Programma 101 and the Hewlett Packard 9000 serie were introduced in the mid-sixties which led to programmable desktop computers in the 1970's. Th exciting 1968 presentation of Douglas Engelbart, known as the ‘mother of all demos; foretold of a nev future reliant on computational technology which sparked the imagination of many. From that er: on, the evolution of architectural computing has been of great interest to society at large. A continua progression that has allowed for exponential growth in power (speed) and drastic decreases in physica dimensions has forever altered the lives of billions. To what effect has computer architecture affectec the architecture of design and construction? Figure 1 - Images of Charles Babbages development of mechanical computers.
The issue of speed continued to inspire other inventors to continue the development of compute architecture. A hundred years after Babbage described the Analytical Engine, Alan Turing laid th foundation for modern computing through his Turing machine which has been identified as th blueprint of electronic digital computer. The ABC, ENIAC, Z3 and Colossus were all importan achievements as they are the evidence of the ground that was broken in computational developmen seventy years ago. These machines were gigantic calculators that proved much more efficient it mathematical calculations than the human mind. Programma 101 and the Hewlett Packard 9000 serie were introduced in the mid-sixties which led to programmable desktop computers in the 1970's. Th exciting 1968 presentation of Douglas Engelbart, known as the ‘mother of all demos; foretold of a nev future reliant on computational technology which sparked the imagination of many. From that er: on, the evolution of architectural computing has been of great interest to society at large. A continua progression that has allowed for exponential growth in power (speed) and drastic decreases in physica dimensions has forever altered the lives of billions. To what effect has computer architecture affectec the architecture of design and construction? Figure 1 - Images of Charles Babbages development of mechanical computers.
Figure 3 - Proposed diagram for determining aspects An inter-relational scheme of this type (Figure 2) very well represents the nature of the problem, but i not particularly useful to define the relationships among specific design parameters, which is why w propose a new model where the design problem is at its center (Figure 3), in this case, including forme qualities within it. We could then point out three major aspects that should guide any design solutio: for building envelopes, the first would have to do with the functional requirements o the envelop¢ i.e., the envelope as providing comfort conditions inside the building. The second fundamental aspec would have to do with the fulfillment of such functional requirements in terms of the tec hnological an economic resources available, and finally, the third would be the environmental aspect, which woul involve two pre-conditions for any proposed design: it’s suitability to geo-climatic conditions and a lov environmental impact for particular environmental conditions.
Figure 3 - Proposed diagram for determining aspects An inter-relational scheme of this type (Figure 2) very well represents the nature of the problem, but i not particularly useful to define the relationships among specific design parameters, which is why w propose a new model where the design problem is at its center (Figure 3), in this case, including forme qualities within it. We could then point out three major aspects that should guide any design solutio: for building envelopes, the first would have to do with the functional requirements o the envelop¢ i.e., the envelope as providing comfort conditions inside the building. The second fundamental aspec would have to do with the fulfillment of such functional requirements in terms of the tec hnological an economic resources available, and finally, the third would be the environmental aspect, which woul involve two pre-conditions for any proposed design: it’s suitability to geo-climatic conditions and a lov environmental impact for particular environmental conditions.
The climatic, ecological, and economic conditions found in a typical developing world tropical location are exemplified by the town of Girardot in Colombia, where the climate is common to great part of the Colombian territory. Located to 292 m asl, Latitude 4,16° N and Longitude 74,49° W, has an average temperature of 27,4° C (minimum: 24,0° C, maximum: 32,3 ° C), a relative average humidity of 80%, 821 mm of precipitations with raining 76 days and 213 hours/month of solar brightness. The peaks of maximum temperatures reach to 40,0° C, whereas the minimum fall to 21,0 ° C. Generally, in 273 days/year (74,8%) temperature rises above 32 ° C. With an annual average 4,575kWh/m2/day solar radiation, is evident that the sun is an agent who takes part strongly in the thermal economy of the envelopes contributing in 4° C (in average) up to 11° C to the air temperature. Figure 4 - Psychometric Chart for Giradot and and forecast rates of comfort with the use of selected passive strategies. (Author 2011)
The climatic, ecological, and economic conditions found in a typical developing world tropical location are exemplified by the town of Girardot in Colombia, where the climate is common to great part of the Colombian territory. Located to 292 m asl, Latitude 4,16° N and Longitude 74,49° W, has an average temperature of 27,4° C (minimum: 24,0° C, maximum: 32,3 ° C), a relative average humidity of 80%, 821 mm of precipitations with raining 76 days and 213 hours/month of solar brightness. The peaks of maximum temperatures reach to 40,0° C, whereas the minimum fall to 21,0 ° C. Generally, in 273 days/year (74,8%) temperature rises above 32 ° C. With an annual average 4,575kWh/m2/day solar radiation, is evident that the sun is an agent who takes part strongly in the thermal economy of the envelopes contributing in 4° C (in average) up to 11° C to the air temperature. Figure 4 - Psychometric Chart for Giradot and and forecast rates of comfort with the use of selected passive strategies. (Author 2011)
Table 1 - Definition and relationship between; Determining Factors, Design Parameters and Types of Analysis. (Author 2012 Three groups of design parameters that were to be implemented as design variables were then defined for the generation of design possibilities: general parameters, structural parameters and cladding parameters. These groups of design variables formed a structure from which we were able to produce a set of configurational possibilities which were subsequently tested by different types of analysis relative to the original determining factors. (See Table 1)
Table 1 - Definition and relationship between; Determining Factors, Design Parameters and Types of Analysis. (Author 2012 Three groups of design parameters that were to be implemented as design variables were then defined for the generation of design possibilities: general parameters, structural parameters and cladding parameters. These groups of design variables formed a structure from which we were able to produce a set of configurational possibilities which were subsequently tested by different types of analysis relative to the original determining factors. (See Table 1)
Figure 5- Diagram of enclosure and structural system chosen. Examples of geometrical configurations produced from the parametric definition. (Author 2012) The designs were analyzed in terms of their performance as climatic barriers and providers of comfort. In order to run the simulations, temperature, lighting and ventilation evaluations were carried out using the software packages Ecotect and DesignBuilder. Using the material assumptions found. the parametric model was used to “fine tune” the best geometrical attributes to design a particular case, being that the west facing facade of the existing university buildings in Girardot. Thermal and CFD simulations were carried out to evaluate the original conditions, and to be compared with the performance of 60 design configurations given by the proposed parametric definition. (Table 2)
Figure 5- Diagram of enclosure and structural system chosen. Examples of geometrical configurations produced from the parametric definition. (Author 2012) The designs were analyzed in terms of their performance as climatic barriers and providers of comfort. In order to run the simulations, temperature, lighting and ventilation evaluations were carried out using the software packages Ecotect and DesignBuilder. Using the material assumptions found. the parametric model was used to “fine tune” the best geometrical attributes to design a particular case, being that the west facing facade of the existing university buildings in Girardot. Thermal and CFD simulations were carried out to evaluate the original conditions, and to be compared with the performance of 60 design configurations given by the proposed parametric definition. (Table 2)
Figure 6 - The image on the left is a visualization and simulations of the internal temperature of classrooms in an existing building at the Universidad Piloto in Girardot. The simulation on the right shows the results with the proposed facade (modular ceramic and interior brick wall) which achieves a decrease in internal temperatures close to 6° C (10° F). (Author 2012, Simulations by Sarah Luciani)
Figure 6 - The image on the left is a visualization and simulations of the internal temperature of classrooms in an existing building at the Universidad Piloto in Girardot. The simulation on the right shows the results with the proposed facade (modular ceramic and interior brick wall) which achieves a decrease in internal temperatures close to 6° C (10° F). (Author 2012, Simulations by Sarah Luciani)
The parametric structure described above set the approach to the problem of designing building envelopes for hot and humid climates by providing multi-criteria performance data regarding generic solutions. However, such a general and all-encompassing scheme would imply far too many possibilities to analyze, which would impede a profound examination of each specific solution. Following that, in accordance with the iterative methodology proposed here, and based on the existing data, the design problem was reduced to that of brise-soleil geometric configurations (outer layer), even if made more complex by adding a time parameter to it. Figure 7- Two different configurations for dynamic elements
The parametric structure described above set the approach to the problem of designing building envelopes for hot and humid climates by providing multi-criteria performance data regarding generic solutions. However, such a general and all-encompassing scheme would imply far too many possibilities to analyze, which would impede a profound examination of each specific solution. Following that, in accordance with the iterative methodology proposed here, and based on the existing data, the design problem was reduced to that of brise-soleil geometric configurations (outer layer), even if made more complex by adding a time parameter to it. Figure 7- Two different configurations for dynamic elements
Thermal comfort was now solely dependent on solar gains, but the protecting elements would change in time by tracking the solar trajectory specific to a particular site. In this way, maximum protection would be provided, whilst allowing ventilation when required. Continuing with the same design application, ie. the university building in Girardot, various configurations were tested and a a particular solution was selected to build a pre-prototype and test on site.
Thermal comfort was now solely dependent on solar gains, but the protecting elements would change in time by tracking the solar trajectory specific to a particular site. In this way, maximum protection would be provided, whilst allowing ventilation when required. Continuing with the same design application, ie. the university building in Girardot, various configurations were tested and a a particular solution was selected to build a pre-prototype and test on site.
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